Scribd
Upload
4 views4 pages

Factsheet ir

The document outlines major concepts in political theory related to ecologism and climate change, highlighting key figures and their influential works. It also details significant environmental movements, international conferences, and treaties aimed at addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainability. Notable events include Earth Day, the Rio Summit, and the Paris Agreement, alongside various COP meetings and treaties established to protect the environment.

Uploaded by

fwfxsyjhq7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views4 pages

Factsheet ir

The document outlines major concepts in political theory related to ecologism and climate change, highlighting key figures and their influential works. It also details significant environmental movements, international conferences, and treaties aimed at addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainability. Notable events include Earth Day, the Rio Summit, and the Paris Agreement, alongside various COP meetings and treaties established to protect the environment.

Uploaded by

fwfxsyjhq7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Political Theory: Major concepts

Ecologism and Climate Change


Major Exponents and their Works:
1. Ernst Haeckel: Coined the term "ecology" in 1866.
2. Ernst Friedrich Schumacher: "Small is Beautiful" (1973), promotes human-scale production and
3. ecological economics.
4. James Lovelock: "Gaia" (1979), proposed the Gaia hypothesis, viewing the Earth as a selfregulating
organism.
5. Murray Bookchin: "Post-Scarcity Anarchism" (1971), "The Ecology of Freedom" (1982),
6. proponent of social ecology.
7. Rachel Carson: "Silent Spring" (1962), exposed the harmful effects of pesticides on the
environment.
8. Garrett Hardin: The Tragedy of the Commons (1968), describes a situation where individuals,
acting in their own self-interest, overuse and deplete a shared resource, leading to its eventual
destruction.
9. Caroline Merchant: "The Death of Nature" (1980), explored the connection between gender
10. oppression and environmental destruction.
11. Rudolph Bahro: "Socialism and Survival" (1982), sought to reconcile socialism and ecological
12. theories.
13. Arne Naess: Distinguished between deep and shallow ecologism.

Environmental Movements and Events:


• Earth Day: Celebrated on April 22nd.
• World Environment Day: Celebrated on June 5th.
• Stockholm Conference (1972): The first major international conference on the environment.
• Montreal Protocol (1987): International treaty to protect the ozone layer.
• Rio Summit (1992): United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.

Recent COPs:
1. COP 25: 2019 - Madrid, Spain
2. COP 26: 2021 - Glasgow, United Kingdom
3. COP 27: 2022 - Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
4. COP 28: 2023 - Dubai, United Arab Emirates
5. COP 29: 2024 - Baku, Azerbaijan
Major international environmental conferences
✓ 1972: UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm) - Raise awareness and generate
political momentum for international environmental action.
✓ 1992: UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro) - Formulate strategies to
address sustainable development, including climate change and biodiversity.
✓ 2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg) - Renew commitments to
sustainable development and address poverty and environmental degradation
✓ 2012: UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio de Janeiro) - Focus on green economy,
institutional framework for sustainable development, and sustainable development goals.
✓ 2015: UN Climate Change Conference (Paris) - Negotiate the Paris Agreement, aiming to limit global
warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius.

Major international environmental Treaties

✓ 1971: Ramsar Convention - Conserve and wisely use wetlands.


✓ 1973: CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora) - Ensure international trade doesn't threaten the survival of wild animals and plants.
✓ 1979: Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild
Animals) - Conserve terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species throughout their range.
✓ 1985: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer - Protect human health and
the environment from the adverse effects of ozone depletion.
✓ 1987: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer - Phase out the
production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
✓ 1989: Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
and their Disposal.
✓ 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity - Conserve biological diversity, sustainably use its
components, and fairly share the benefits from genetic resources.
✓ 1992: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Stabilize
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent dangerous human interference with
the climate system.
✓ 1994: UN Convention to Combat Desertification - Combat desertification and mitigate the
effects of drought in countries experiencing serious drought or
✓ desertification.
✓ 1997: Kyoto Protocol - Commit industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
(Linked to the UNFCCC)
✓ 2000: Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
✓ 2010: Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing
of Benefits Arising from their Utilization
✓ 2013: Minamata Convention on Mercury - Protect human health and the environment from the
adverse effects of mercury.
✓ 2015: Paris Agreement

You might also like