Time Allowed: 2 hours

Maximum Marks: 50

General Instructions:

1. Please read the instructions carefully.

2. This Question Paper consists of 21 questions in two sections: Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (5 + 16 =) 21 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in the
allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. Section A : objective type questions (24 marks):
This section has 05 questions.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
There is no negative marking.
Do as per the instructions given.

7. Section B : subjective type questions (26 marks):

This section has 16 questions.
A candidate has to do 10 questions.
Do as per the instructions given.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

Section A : Objective Type Questions

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills. (1 × 4 = 4 marks)

Question 1.
(i) “After years of hard work and a strong vision, Priya grew her small clothing store into a well-known
brand, earning loyal – customers”. Which self-management skill is clearly visible in the given statement?
[1]
Answer:
Goal setting. Priya’s strong vision and dedication helped her achieve her business goals effectively.

(ii) Which of the following is a common file operation? [1]

(A) Formatting
(B) Compressing
(C) Encrypting
(D) Copying
Answer:
(D) Copying

Explanation:
Copying is a common file operation, allowing users to duplicate files. Formatting is related to preparing a
storage device, Compressing reduces file size and Encrypting secures files.

(iii) Assertion(A): After four years, Rahul has opened two new retail chain stores in the same city. It is an
example of the ‘grow’ stage of entrepreneurship as a career process.
Reason(R): During this stage, an entrepreneur decides to start a business venture and enters the
market. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
Explanation:
During ‘grow’ stage, entrepreneurs focus on expanding their business operations, increasing market
share and scaling their ventures. Opening additional stores in the same city signifies an expansion
strategy aimed at capitalising on existing success and further penetrating the local market.

(iv) ______ results in your body’s reaction to a new and unwanted situation or any challenging situation.
This is the feeling express that narrowly avoids being hit by a car. [1]
(A) Acute stress
(B) Chronic stress
(C) Episodic stress
(D) Physical stress
Answer:
(A) Acute stress

(v) Sarah is a teacher who emphasises providing detailed feedback to enhance students’ performance.
She uses written comments to highlight strengths and suggest areas for improvement and sometimes
engages in one- on-one conversations for personalised feedback. In a math assignment, Sarah provided
Tom with strategies to improve his problem-solving skills, explaining where he went wrong and
scheduling a meeting to discuss how to apply these strategies in future assignments. This approach
significantly improved Tom’s performance in his next assignment. What type of feedback did Sarah
provide to Tom? [1]
(A) Summative feedback
(B) Descriptive feedback
(C) General feedback
(D) Evaluative feedback
Answer:
(B) Descriptive feedback

Explanation:
Descriptive feedback is a detailed, specific method used to help students understand their strengths and
areas for improvement, providing actionable insights for future performance. In this case, Sarah provided
Tom with strategies to enhance his problem-solving skills.

(vi) Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to the United Nations. [1]
(A) Clean Water and Sanitation
(B) Gender Equality
(C) Population
(D) Reduced Inequalities
Answer:
(C) Population

Explanation:
“Population” is not a specific Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) outlined by the United Nations. The
other options Clean Water and Sanitation, Gender Equality and Reduced Inequalities—are indeed
recognised as distinct goals within the SDGs.

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 2.
(i) Assertion(A): Linguistic intelligence is only important for writers and poets.
Reason(R): Linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, which can be
valuable in many professions. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.

(ii) An AI system making predictions about criminal behaviour based on biased data could be a violation
of what
ethical principle? [1]
(A) AI Access
(B) AI Ethics
(C) AI Bias
(D) Data Privacy
Answer:
(B) AI Ethics

(iii) Statement 1: The output layer of a neural network provides the final output based on the processed
data.
Statement 2: All layers in a neural network are identical in function.
(A) Both Statement*! and Statement 2 are correct.
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.

Explanation:
The output layer provides the final results, while each layer in a neural network has a distinct function—
input, hidden and output layers serve different purposes.

(iv) Fill in the blank:

As dropout rate increases, the model’s tendency to _____ (overfit/underfit) reduces.

Answer:
Overfit

(v) ____ file format is commonly used to store and exchange data in a tabular format, making it easy to
read in data analysis tools? [1]
(A) json
(B) xml
(C) txt
(D) excel
Answer:
(A) json
Explanation:
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format that’s easy for humans to
read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate.

(vi) If the word ’green1 appears in 1 out of 20 documents, how would you categorise it? [1]
(A) Stop word
(B) Rare word
(C) Frequent word
(D) Removable word
Answer:
(B) Rare word

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 3.
(i) Which of these applications does NOT utilise AI? [1]
i. Air conditioner with a temperature sensor
ii. Spotify suggesting songs based on your listening history
iii. Self-driving cars using sensors for navigation
iv. Microwave heating food with a present timer Choose the options that are not AI
(A) only i
(B) iii and i
(C) iii and iv
(D) i, iii and iv
Answer:
(A) only i

(ii) _____ is the branch of AI that deals with enabling machines to understand and generate human
language.
Answer:
Natural Language Processing.

(iii) Which of the following is a data science application in finance?[1]

(A) Fraud detection
(B) Autonomous driving
(C) Climate forecasting
(D) Voice assistants
Answer:
(A) Fraud detection

Explanation:
In finance, data science techniques are used to detect patterns of fraudulent transactions and mitigate
risks.

(iv) Which of the following methods provides pixel-wise labelling of images? [1]
(A) Classification
(B) Object detection
(C) Image segmentation
(D) Image filtering
Answer:
(C) Image segmentation

(v) Identify the AI type: It performs specific tasks such as image recognition or speech processing without
needing human assistance but does not improve beyond its initial programming.
Answer:
Narrow AI
(vi) In a confusion matrix, which metric represents the ratio of correctly predicted positive observations to
all predicted positives? [1]
(A) Precision
(B) Recall
(C) Specificity
(D) Accuracy
Answer:
(A) Precision

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. ( 1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 4.
(i) Arjun needs to identify the AI technique that focuses on giving computers the ability to interpret and
understand visual information from the world. What is this field called? [1]
Answer:
Computer Vision (CV)

(ii) Statement 1: True positives and true negatives are both measures of a model’s accuracy.
Statement 2: False negatives do not affect the model’s overall performance evaluation. [1]
(A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.

Explanation:
True positives and true negatives contribute to accuracy; false negatives negatively impact performance
by missing positive cases, thus affecting model evaluation.

(iii) Rahul created a model to predict the rainfall in Mumbai using past weather data. He collected data
about humidity,wind speed, temperature and air pressure. At which stage does he collect this data? [1]
(A) Data Validation
(B) Data Acquisition
(C) Data Cleaning
(D) Data Evaluation
Answer:
(B) Data Acquisition

(iv) In image processing, what is the term used for changing the brightness or contrast of an image? [1]
Answer:
Image Enhancement

(v) Which NLP feature converts speech into written text? [1]
(A) Sentiment Analysis
(B) Speech Recognition
(C) Text Classification
(D) Entity Extraction
Answer:
(B) Speech Recognition

(vi) Arjun created a weather prediction model but only trained it using data from summer months. When
used in winter, the predictions were inaccurate. What concept is this illustrating? [1]
Answer:
Overfitting
Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)
Question 5.
(i) Kabir prc0rammed a’game that adjusts its difficulty level based on the player’s skill, learning from their
performance. This is an example of which AI domain? [1]
(A) Data Science
(B) Machine Learning
(C) Natural Language Processing
(D) Computer Vision
Answer:
(B) Machine Learning

(ii) Which eva1 lation parameter measures the proportion of true positive predictions among all positive
instances? [1]
Answer:
Precision

(iii) The term refers to the number of bits used to represent the colour of a single pixel, influencing the
number of colours that can be displayed in an image. [1]
(A) Colour Depth
(B) Pixel Count
(C) Resolution
(D) Bit Rate
Answer:
(A) Colour Depth

Explanation:
Colour depth, measured in bits per pixel, determines how many different colours can be represented in
an image. Higher colour depths allow for more colours, enhancing the richness and detail in image
representation.

(iv) What does NLP stand for in the context of AI? [1]
(A) Natural Language Processing
(B) Neural Logic Programming
(C) Nonlinear Programming
(D) Numerical Language Parsing
Answer:
(A) Natural Language Processing

(v) Which technique transforms text into a numerical representation by counting the occurrences of
words in a
document? [1]
(A) Word embedding
(B) Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF)
(C) Bag of words
(D) Part-of-speech tagging
Answer:
(C) Bag of words

(vi) In a spam detection system, which is considered a false negative? [1]

(A) A spam email marked as not spam
(B) A legitimate email marked as spam
(C) No emails detected
(D) All spam emails identified
Answer:
(A) A spam email marked as not spam

Section B : Subjective Type Questions

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills. (2 × 3 = 6 marks)
Answer each question in 20-30 words.
Question 6.
Explain types of non-verbal communication. [2]
Answer:
Two primary types of non-verbal communication are: Body Language: This includes gestures, facial
expressions, posture and movements. Body language can convey emotions, attitudes and intentions
without verbal expression.

Visual Communication: Visual elements such as images, chaks, graphs and symbols convey information.
Visual communication is essential in presentations, signage and design, providing a non-verbal way to
communicate complex ideas or data.

Question 7.
What role does self-discipline play in achieving personal success? [2]
Answer:
Self-discipline is crucial for achieving personal success as it enables individuals to stay committed to
their goals, resist distractions and maintain focus on long-term objectives. It fosters resilience and
perseverance, helping to overcome obstacles along the way.

Question 8.
“In a computer system, creating a new folder involves specifying a location and name for organising
files”.
What does ‘creating a new folder’ mean in computer terminology? [2]
Answer:
In computer terminology, ‘creating a new folder’ refers to the process of establishing a new directory on a
storage device. This folder is used to organise and store files or other folders, helping users manage
their data more efficiently. It involves selecting a location, naming the folder and saving it to the desired
path.

Question 9.
Do you think that an entrepreneur is innovative by nature? Explain. [2]
Answer:
Entrepreneurs are often considered innovative by nature because they typically seek out new
opportunities and solutions to problems. Innovation is a key trait that enables them to develop unique
products, services or business models, distinguishing their ventures from competitors and driving growth
and success in their enterprises.

Question 10.
Explain the concept of inter-generational equity in sustainable development and why it is important. [2]
Answer:
Inter-generational equity recognises the rights of future generations to inherit a planet not significantly
degraded by the actions of the present generation. It emphasises the importance of preserving
resources and maintaining a sustainable environment for future generations.

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20-30 words each. (2 × 4 = 8 marks)
Question 11.
In self-driving cars, AI plays a significant role in analysing real-time data from the environment. What is
the primary AI technique used to make driving decisions? [2]
Answer:
Self-driving cars mainly use computer vision and deep learning for analysing surroundings and making
driving decisions.

Question 12.
Kartik is trying to predict house prices based on features like area, number of rooms and location. Which
AI model should Kartik use for predicting continuous values, and why? [2]
Answer:
Kartik should use a regression model because it is designed to predict continuous values based on input
features.

Question 13.
Rahul is working on a project that involves using open data for AI training. What are two things he must
check before using the data? [2]
Answer:
1. Verify if the data has proper licensing for usage.
2. Check for any privacy or security concerns associated with the data.

Question 14.
Explain the term “down sampling” in the context of image resolution. [2]
Answer:
Down sampling reduces, the number of pixels in an image, which decreases its resolution and can help
speed up processing.

Question 15.
In the sentence “Although it’s challenging, we will continue to work on this project and meet our
deadlines”, which two stop words should be retained? [2]
Answer:
“Although” introduces a contrast, indicating that despite challenges, commitment remains, which is vital
for conveying resilience, “and” connects the two ideas of working on the project and meeting deadlines,
emphasising that both objectives are part of the plan.

Question 16.
Given that true positives = 200, false negatives = 50, false positives = 10 and true negatives = 500,
create the confusion matrix. [2]
Answer:

Predicted Positive Predicted Negative

Actual Positive 200 50

Actual Negative 10 500

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50-80 words each. (4 × 3 = 12 marks)
Question 17.
Your friend received a personalised shopping recommendation from an online store. How does AI help in
giving such recommendations? [4]
Answer:
AI helps by analysing past behaviour, like what your friend bought before or what they searched for on
the website. The system uses this data to predict what your friend might want to buy next, similar to how
a salesperson might suggest items based on what you like. This is done using an AI technique called
predictive modelling, which helps companies personalise recommendations for each customer by finding
patterns in their shopping habits.

Question 18.
You are building a sentiment analysis tool for a social media platform to detect user moods.
(A) How can improper problem scoping affect the data acquisition phase?
(B) Suggest methods to collect relevant data for this project. [4]
Answer:
(a) If the problem is not scoped properly, you might gather irrelevant data (e.g., unrelated topics or
languages), leading to inaccurate results. A clear scope ensures the collected data aligns with the
objective (e.g., only analysing comments in English).

(b) Use APIs to collect user comments and posts.

1. Scrape public social media data while ensuring privacy.

2. Label the data with positive, negative or neutral sentiments using manual or automated tools.

Question 19.
Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised learning based on given image. [4]

Answer:
Based on the image and in the context of learning types, here’s how supervised and unsupervised
learning differ:
Supervised learning: Involves labelled data, like in the image if each animal (e.g., frog, lion, bird) had a
label or class assigned (e.g., “amphibian”, “mammal”). The model learns by using this labelled data.

Unsupervised learning: No labels are given. The model must learn the patterns or groupings on its own,
such as clustering animals based on similarities (e.g., wings vs. no wings) without being told their
categories.

Question 20.
Tara created an AI chatbot to help users find information about local parks. One day, a user asked,
“Where is the closest park with a lake?” and the chatbot responded with a list of parks that didn’t have
lakes. Why might this have happened, and what challenges does AI face in understanding such
requests? [4]
Answer:
The AI chatbot likely misunderstood the query’s focus on finding parks with lakes. This highlights – a
common challenge in NLP-understanding the specific needs within a user’s query. AI needs to break
down sentences and identify key terms like “closest” and “lake”, but it may miss important details or fail
to correctly prioritise them. This could result from a limited dataset or an inability to fully grasp the
relationships between different parts of the sentence. AI must be trained to not only recognise keywords
but also the context in which they are used to provide accurate, relevant answers.

Question 21.
A binary classifier is designed to predict whether a customer will buy a product. The confusion matrix is a
follows:
Answer:

Reality: Buy Reality: Not Buy

Prediction: Buy 80 20
 Prediction: Not Buy 30 70

(i) How many total predictions were correct?

Total correct predictions=True Positives + true
Negatives = 80 + 70 = 150

(ii) Calculate the recall and FI score.

80 80
Recall = 80+30 = 110 ≈ 0. 727
0.727×0.8
FI Score = 2 × 0.727+0.8 ≈ 0. 762