Time Allowed: 2 hours

Maximum Marks: 50

General Instructions:

1. Please read the instructions carefully.

2. This Question Paper consists of 21 questions in two sections: Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (5 + 16 =) 21 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in the
allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. Section A : objective type questions (24 marks):
This section has 05 questions.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
There is no negative marking.
Do as per the instructions given.

7. Section B : subjective type questions (26 marks):

This section has 16 questions.
A candidate has to do 10 questions.
Do as per the instructions given.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

Section A : Objective Type Questions

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills. (1 × 4 = 4 marks)

Question 1.
(i) To perform well at work and life in general, you must be able to manage and improve yourself in
various skills. Which of the following skills helps you to prioritise the things you hqve to do to remove
waste and redundancy from work1 Which self-management skill is clearly visible in the given statement?
[1]
Answer:
The process of organising and planning how to allocate time in order to complete tasks and realise goals
is known as time management.

(ii) ‘An entrepreneur has to get his work done by other’. Identify the characteristic of an entrepreneur
stated in the above lines. [1]
(A) Organiser
(B) Risk-taker
(C) Innovator
(D) Motivator
Answer:
Option (D) is correct.

Explanation:
Entrepreneurs often need to motivate and inspire others to achieve their goals and objectives. They must
effectively delegate tasks and responsibilities to others while encouraging and empowering them to
perform at their best. This ability to motivate and get work done through others is a key aspect of
successful entrepreneurship.

Explanation:
The ‘Copying’ operation creates a duplicate of an existing file in a new location, while the original file
remains unchanged. This operation is useful for creating backups or distributing files.

(iii) Assertion(A): Antivirus software needs to be continuously updated.

Reason(R): The list of potential threats grows and changes every day. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Since new viruses are invading the market every day, new threats are coming everyday to harm the
computers. Hence the antivirus software is to be updated regularly to counter the new attacks.

(iv) _____ is the capacity to act without being influenced by other people or circumstances. [1]
(A) Self-demotivation
(B) Self-awareness
(C) Self-motivation
(D) Self-regulation
Answer:
(C) Self-motivation

Explanation:
The capacity to push oneself towards achieving goals without outside pressure or influence is known as
self-motivation.
Explanation:
Mental stress can lead to chronic stress when individuals are unable to regulate their emotions
effectively, causing them to experience prolonged periods of heightened stress and anxiety.

(v) Anna, a project manager at a marketing firm, is tasked with presenting a new marketing strategy to
her team. To ensure its effectiveness, she follows a structured communication process. She drafts a
clear message, holds a team meeting to present the strategy and then sends a follow-up email
summarising key points and next steps. This ensures the strategy is well understood and executed
effectively. Which stage of the communication cycle does Anna focus on when she drafts the message
about the new marketing strategy? [1]
(A) Encoding
(B) Decoding
(C) Feedback
(D) Transmission
Answer:
(A) Encoding

Explanation:
Encoding is the process of creating and formulating a message before transmitting it, and Anna is
involved in this stage by drafting a message about her new marketing strategy.

Explanation:
Employees are experiencing difficulties with technical jargon and complex language, indicating semantic
barriers that directly impact the understanding and communication of information.

(vi) Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.

(A) United Nations
(B) League of Nations
(C) UNICEF
(D) World Health Organisation
Answer:
(A) United Nations

Explanation:
Farmers find it challenging to determine the best time to sow seeds due to climate change and rising
pollution. With the aid of artificial intelligence, farmers can analyse weather conditions by using weather
forecasting, which helps them plan the type of crop that can be grown and when seeds should be sown.

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.

Question 2.
(i) Assertion(A): Different individuals can excel in different areas of intelligence.
Reason(R): Multiple intelligences theory explains that individuals have various types of intelligences,
which function independently of each other. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Logical-mathematical intelligence allows people to perform scientific experiments and advance
humanity’s knowledge. It is crucial for fields like physics and computer science, among many others.

(ii) AI developers must consider which ethical issue when creating algorithms that could potentially make
decisions about human lives in areas like healthcare and law enforcement? [1]
(A) AI Access
(B) Data Privacy
(C) AI Bias
(D) AI Ethics
Answer:
(D) AI Ethics

Explanation:
AI system is not representative of the reality it’s meant to model. It can occur due to various reasons,
such as incomplete data, biased sampling or other factors that may lead to an unrepresentative dataset.

(iii) Statement 1: Hidden layers can have varying numbers of neurons to optimise the learning process.
Statement 2: The input layer is responsible for transforming data before it reaches the hidden layers. [1]
(A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect

Explanation:
The output layer provides the final results, while each layer in a neural network has a distinct function—
input, hidden and output layers serve different purposes.

(iv) Observe the given graph and fill in the blank:

As the number of hidden layers in the neural network increases, the ___ (accuracy/performance)
improves.
Answer:
Accuracy

(v) _____ is a popular tool in data science used for creating interactive visualisations and dashboards.
[1]
(A) SQL
(B) Tableau
(C) CSV
(D) JSON
Answer:
Option (B) is correct

Explanation:
Tableau is widely used in data science for visualising data interactively, allowing users to create
dashboards and gain insights from datasets without extensive programming knowledge.

(vi) In a collection of 7 documents, the word ‘he’ is present in each document multiple times. How is the
word ‘he’ classified? [1]
(A) Stop word
(B) Rare word
(C) Frequent word
(D) Removable word
Answer:
(A) Stop word

Explanation:
Stop words like and, this, is, the, etc. have highest values in a corpus. But these words do not talk about
the corpus at all. Hence, these are termed as stopwords and are mostly removed at the pre-processing
stage only.

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.

Question 3.
(i) Which of the following is an example of AI technology?
i. Google Maps showing the fastest route
ii. Smart fridge sending notifications about groceries
iii. A thermostat regulating temperature
iv. A car’s fuel gauge showing the fuel level
(A) i and iii
(B) ii and iv
(C) i, ii, and iii
Answer:
(C) i, ii, and iii

(ii) ______ refer to the process of preparing data for analysis by cleaning and transforming it into a
suitable
format.
Answer:
Data preprocessing

(iii) Which of the following is a popular Al-based application for personal assistance? [1]
(A) Video compression
(B) Virtual Personal Assistants
(C) Data encryption
(D) File transfer
Answer:
(B) Virtual Personal Assistants

Explanation:
Because they make extensive use of Machine Learning (ML) and convolutional neural networks, which
can be considered to be “Artificial Intelligence”. Listening for the wake word is a great fit for neural
networks (a form of machine learning) because it is very difficult to program a speech recogniser from
first principles. How should it work? But you can design and train a convolutional neural network with lots
of examples of the wake words and lots of counter-examples, and it will then be able to do the
recognition task very accurately.

(iv)_____ is the technique used to assign a label or category to an entire image based on its content. [1]
(A) Object detection
(B) Classification
(C) Image segmentation
(D) Instance segmentation
Answer:
(B) Classification

Explanation:
Classification involves analysing an entire image and categorising it into predefined labels or classes,
such as identifying whether an image contains a cat, dog or car.

(v) Identify the chatbot type: It responds to a predefined set of questions and works on rule-based
algorithms. [1]
Answer:
Rule-based chatbot

(vi) What does the term ‘True Positive’ (TP) in a confusion matrix represent? [1]
(A) Correctly predicted negative values
(B) Incorrectly predicted negative values
(C) Correctly predicted positive values
(D) Incorrectly predicted positive values
Answer:
(C) Correctly predicted positive values

Question 4.
Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)
(i) Ria is learning about AI and comes across the term that refers to machines mimicking human
cognitive functions. What is this branch of AI called? [1]
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence
(ii) Statement 1: A false positive means the model incorrectly predicts a positive outcome when it is
actually negative.
Statement 2: A true negative indicates that the model has made an error in predicting a negative
outcome. [1] (A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.

Explanation:
A false positive is an incorrect positive prediction, whereas a true negative correctly identifies a negative
outcome with no errors.

(iii) Priya is developing a chatbot that answers customer queries based on previous chat logs. She uses
a large set of historical conversations to train her model. What is the data Priva used to improve the
chatbot’s ability to respond known as? [1]
(A) Testing Data
(B) Training Data
(C) Sample Data
(D) Evaluation Data
Answer:
(B) Training Data

(iv) How many dimensions does a standard grayscale image have? [1]
Answer:
A grayscale image has one channel representing intensity levels, indicating how bright or dark each pixel
is.

(v) Which NLP technique helps in identifying the positive, negative or neutral tone of text? [1]
(A) Machine Translation
(B) Sentiment Analysis
(C) Language Modelling
(D) Part-of-Speech Tagging
Answer:
(B) Sentiment Analysis

(vi) Rahul developed a classification model for distinguishing between cats and dogs. He used a simple
algorithm and included very few features, leading to poor performance on both training and test datasets.
What is this an example of? [1]
Answer:
Underfitting

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 5.
(i) Priya, a student, created a personal assistant app that helps users schedule their tasks by
understanding voice commands. What domain of AI does this application belong to? [1]
(A) Robotics
(B) Natural Language Processing
(C) Computer Vision
(D) Machine Learning
Answer:
(B) Natural Language Processing

(ii) Which evaluation parameter specifically measures the proportion of true positive predictions out of all
predicted positive cases? [1]
Answer:
Precision is the evaluation parameter that focuses on the accuracy of positive predictions, calculating the
ratio of true positives to the total predicted positives.

(iii) A ____ image uses shades of gray to represent variations in brightness, typically containing 256
levels of intensity. [1]
(A) Color
(B) Monochrome
(C) Grayscale
(D) Bitmap
Answer:
(C) Grayscale

Explanation:
Grayscale images represent light intensity using shades from black to white. With 256 levels of intensity,
each pixel can represent a unique shade, allowing for detailed representation of brightness without
colour.

(iv) What is the primary difference between human language and computer language? [1]
(A) Human language is unstructured, while computer language is structured.
(B) Computer language can express emotions, whereas human language cannot.
(C) Human language is only used for communication, while computer language is used for programming.
(D) There are no differences; they are essentially the same.
Answer:
(A) Human language is unstructured, while computer language is structured.

Explanation:
Human language is often ambiguous and context-dependent, while computer language has a strict
syntax and semantics that must be followed for effective communication with machines. This structure
allows computers to interpret instructions accurately.

(v) Which technique involves converting text into a format that is easier for algorithms to process by
standardising it? [1]
(A) Tokenisation
(B) Text normalisation
(C) Stop word removal
(D) Lemmatisation
Answer:
(B) Text normalisation

Explanation:
Text normalisation standardises text by converting it to a consistent format (e.g., lowercasing, removing
punctuation), making it more manageable for analysis and improving the accuracy of NLP models.

(vi) Which scenario is most likely to have a high false negative cost? [1]
(A) Missing a cancer diagnosis
(B) Identifying a spam email
(C) Predicting customer churn
(D) Weather forecasting
Answer:
(A) Missing a cancer diagnosis
Explanation:
Encoding is the process of creating

Section B : Subjective Type Questions

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills. (2 × 3 = 6 marks)

Answer each question in 20-30 words.
Question 6.
What are the fundamental elements of the communication cycle? [2]
Answer:
The communication process typically involves several stages: encoding, transmitting, receiving,
decoding and feedback. Senders encode their thoughts into a message. Transmission involves
speaking, writing or gesturing to deliver a message. Receiving occurs when the message reaches the
intended recipient. Decoding is the process of interpreting and understanding the message. Finally,
feedback involves the recipient responding to the sender’s message, completing the communication
cycle.

Question 7.
What is the concept of rest and recharge? [2]
Answer:
Stress often interfaces with sleep quality, leading to insomnia or disrupted sleep pattern. Yog can help to
improve sleep by reducing stress, premoting relaxation and calming the nervous system, resulting in
better sLeep quality and overall restfulness.

Question 8.
“A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to handle tasks with precise timing constraints”. What
does ‘real-time operating system1 mean in computer terminology? [2]
Answer:
In computer terminology, a ‘real-time operating
system’ (RTOS) is designed to manage tasks and processes with strict timing requirements. It ensures
that critical tasks are processed within a guaranteed time frame, which is essential for systems like
industrial controllers and medical devices that require immediate and predictable responses.

Question 9.
Explain any two characteristics or qualities of an entrepreneur. [2]
Answer:
The characteristics of successful entrepreneurs are as follows:

(i) Leadership: An entrepreneur must possess the characteristics of leadership and must lead a team for
the achievement of goals. The leader can clearly articulate their ideas and has a clear vision.
(ii) Innovativeness: With the changing needs and requirements of customers production should meet
requirements with the help of innovative ideas. An entrepreneur does not have to restrict himself to just
one innovation rather uses a combination of innovations.
(iii) Decision Maker: An entrepreneur has to make many decisions to put his business idea into reality.
He chooses the most suitable and profitable alternative.

Question 10.
Discuss two key principles of sustainable development and their significance. [2]
Answer:
Social Equity ensures fair distribution of development benefits, addressing issues like poverty and
education.
Environmental Sustainability promotes practices that conserve biodiversity and protect the environment.

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20-30 words each. (2 x 4 = 8 marks)
Question 11.
We often encounter AI when using virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa. What type of AI do these virtual
assistants represent? [2]
Answer:
These virtual assistants represent Narrow AI, which is designed to perform specific tasks.

Question 12.
Kartik is trying to predict house prices based on features like area, number of rooms and location. Which
AI model should Kartik use for predicting continuous values, and why?[2]
Answer:
Kartik should use a regression model because it is designed to predict continuous values based on input
features.

Question 13.
Neha is cleaning a dataset before analysis. Suggest two key steps she should follow during the data
cleaning process. [2]
Answer:
Handling Missing Values: Neha should identify and either fill or remove missing data to avoid errors
during analysis. Removing Duplicates: She must ensure that duplicate entries are removed to maintain
data quality and avoid biased results.

Question 14.
What is the significance of pixel density in image resolution? [2]
Answer:
Pixel density affects the clarity and detail of an image; higher pixel density provides more detail and
sharper images.

Question 15.
Identify two stop words that are important in this sentence: “Please let us know whether you prefer email
notifications or phone calls”. [2]
Answer:
“whether” is essential as it introduces the choice between two alternatives, clarifying the nature of the
request. “or” explicitly connects the two options of notifications, ensuring the reader understands that
both are valid preferences.

Question 16.
If the number of true positives is 150, false positives is 30, true negatives is 100 and false negatives is
20, what is the confusion matrix? [2]
Answer:
To create a confusion matrix with the given values:
True Positives (TP): 150
False Positives (FP): 30
True Negatives (TN): 100
False Negatives (FN): 20
The confusion matrix can be represented as follows:

Predicted Positive Predicted Negative

Actual Positve 150 20

Actual Negative 30 100

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50-80 words each. (4 × 3 = 12 marks)
Question 17.
Your grandmother watches you use AI applications and is curious about what AI means. How would you
explain artificial intelligence to her in simple terms? [4]
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines, like computers or robots, to think and learn like
humans. You can explain it to your grandmother by saying, “AI is like teaching a machine how to do
things that normally only people can do—like recognising faces in photos or answering questions. It’s
similar to how a child learns new things through practice. For example, when we talk to voice assistants
like Siri or Alexa, they use AI to understand our words and respond with useful answers”.
Question 18.
Rahul have tasked with building an AI model to predict house prices based on location, size and other
features.
(a) How will Rahul structure the problem using the 4W Problem Canvas?
(b) What kind of data will Rahul need to acquire for the solution? [4]
Answer:
(a) What: Predict house prices using an AI model. Why: Provide better insights for buyers and sellers,
improving decision-making.
Who: Real estate agents, buyers and sellers.
Where: Urban areas where house sales frequently occur.

(b) Data needed:

House attributes (size, bedrooms, bathrooms). Location data (neighborhood, proximity to amenities).
Historical price trends. Macroeconomic indicators (e.g., interest rates).

Question 19.
What type of AI is depicted in this image? Explain. [4]

Answer:
The image depicts a form of narrow AI or weak AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform specific tasks and is
not capable of general intelligence or consciousness. The chess-playing robot is an example of narrow
AI, as it is specifically designed to play chess and cannot perform other tasks like a human can.

Question 20.
Rina is a student who loves interacting with different people around the world. She uses a translation
app to chat with her friends from Japan and Brazil. However, she noticed that sometimes the translations
don’t capture the real meaning of her words. Why do you think this happens? How does AI struggle to
understand context in human languages? [4]
Answer:
AI struggles with understanding context in human languages because human language is complex,
ambiguous and full of nuances. Words can have multiple meanings depending on the situation. AI
models, like translation tools are often trained on large datasets, but might not have enough contextual
knowledge to understand idiomatic expressions, cultural references or emotional undertones. AI typically
uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to break down language into patterns it can recognise.
However, the challenge lies in teaching AI to understand context, as it requires not just language
patterns but also real-world knowledge and experience, something humans naturally grasp but AI still
finds difficult.

Question 21.
An AI system classifies whether emails are spam or not. The confusion matrix is as follows:
Answer:
(i) Calculate the total number of incorrect predictions.
Answer:
Incorrect predictions =False Positives+False Negatives = 20 + 10 = 30
(ii) Calculate the system’s precision, recall and Fi score.
Answer:
60 60
Precision = 60+20 = 80 = 0. 75
60 60
Recall = 60+10 = 70 ≈ 0. 857
0.75×0.857
F1 Score = 2 x 0.75+0.857 ≈ 0. 799