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SnS Lab 4

The document outlines a lab focused on implementing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using convolution in MATLAB. It covers the mathematical principles of convolution for both continuous and discrete-time signals, including the use of MATLAB functions 'conv' and 'deconv' for convolution and deconvolution, respectively. The lab tasks involve computing system responses to given input signals and verifying mathematical properties of convolution.

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Ali Haider
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11 views6 pages

SnS Lab 4

The document outlines a lab focused on implementing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using convolution in MATLAB. It covers the mathematical principles of convolution for both continuous and discrete-time signals, including the use of MATLAB functions 'conv' and 'deconv' for convolution and deconvolution, respectively. The lab tasks involve computing system responses to given input signals and verifying mathematical properties of convolution.

Uploaded by

Ali Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab - 4: Convolution

Objectives:
• Familiarizing students with implementation of LTI systems in MATLAB

Equipment required:
• MATLAB installed on PCs

Background Knowledge:
Convolution of Continuous-Time Signals:
Convolution is a mathematical operation that describes the action of a linear system on a signal. The impulse
response of a linear time-invariant system completely specifies the system. More specifically, if the impulse
response of a system is known one can compute the system output for any input signal. The output of a
system to any input signal is computed by the convolution of the input signal with the impulse response of
the system. Suppose 𝑦(𝑡) denotes the output of the system, 𝑥(𝑡) is the input signal and ℎ(𝑡) is the impulse
response of the system. The mathematical expression of the convolution relationship is:
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡)
where, * is the symbol for convolution. The convolution between two continuous-time signals involves the
computation of an integral. The convolution integral is written as:
+∞
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) ∗ ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏
−∞

Convolution in MATLAB:
‘conv’ is the built- in function in MATLAB that convolves LTI systems and returns the result of this
convolution. y = conv(x,h) returns the convolution of vectors x and h. The resulting vector is of length:
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑦) = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑥) + 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(ℎ) − 1
Since convolution is commutative, convolving ‘x’ with ‘h’ or convolving ‘h’ with ‘x’ will evaluate similar
results.
Deconvolution of Continuous-Time Signals:
If ℎ(𝑡) (impulse response of a system) and 𝑦(𝑡) (output of a system) are available, then the input signal
𝑥(𝑡) that was applied to the system can be retrieved. This process is called deconvolution and is
implemented in MATLAB using the command ‘deconv’. Deconvolution is useful in determining the
impulse response of a system if the input and output signals are known. The command to find the response
of system is h = deconv(y,x).
The ‘deconv’ command does not follow commutative property; hence, the output signal must be the first
input argument of the command ‘deconv’.
Convolution of Discrete-Time Signals:
Convolution of discrete-time signals essentially follows the same steps as the continuous-time convolution.
Suppose 𝑦[𝑛] denotes the output of the system, 𝑥[𝑛] is the input signal and ℎ[𝑛] is the impulse response of
the system. The mathematical expression of the convolution relationship is:
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛]
The convolution between two discrete-time signals involves a summation. The convolution summation is
written as:
+∞

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]


𝑘= −∞

The discrete-time convolution sum is analytically calculated by following the steps given below:

Step 1 List the index ‘k’ for the convolution sum

Step 2 List the input x in terms of k as ‘x[k]’

Step 3 Obtain the reversed sequence h[-k], and align the rightmost element of h[n-k] to the leftmost
element of x[k]

Step 4 Multiply and sum the overlapping non-zero terms to get y[n]

Step 5 Slide h[n-k] to the right by one position

Step 6 Repeat step 4; stop if all the output values are zero or when you get the result

The ‘conv’ command in MATLAB is used to convolve two discrete-time signals, much as we convolve
two continuous-time signals. The deconvolution is also performed in the same way using ‘deconv’
command.
Properties of Convolution:
Mathematical properties of convolution are given below:

• Commutative
𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ℎ(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡)
• Associative
𝑥(𝑡) ∗ {ℎ1 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡)} = {𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)} ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡)
• Distributive
𝑥(𝑡) ∗ {ℎ1 (𝑡) + ℎ2 (𝑡)} = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) + 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡)
Lab Tasks:
1. Suppose that a linear time-invariant system is described by impulse response ℎ[𝑛] = 2𝑛 ∗ 𝑢[𝑛].
Compute response of the system to the input signal 𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛 + 10] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 5] for 𝑛 =
−15: 15.

Hint: (𝑢[𝑛] is the unit step function. Use the ‘conv’ function for computing the convolution of the
given signals and use subplot() command to plot 𝑥[𝑛], ℎ[𝑛] and 𝑦[𝑛].
2. Suppose that impulse response of a system is:
𝑒 −𝑛 , −10 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10
ℎ[𝑛] = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

Compute the response of this system to input signal x[n], where:


1, 0≤𝑛≤5
𝑥[𝑛] = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Use subplot command to plot 𝑥[𝑛], ℎ[𝑛] and 𝑦[𝑛].
3. Consider the following input signal and the impulse response of the LTI system:
𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑒 −2𝑛 𝑢[𝑛]
ℎ[𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛 − 10]

Find the output y[n] when n=-15:15. Use subplot command to plot 𝑥[𝑛], ℎ[𝑛] and 𝑦[𝑛].
4. Verify all the mathematical properties of convolution integral for the following signals:
𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑒 −2𝑛 ∗ 𝑢[𝑛 − 10]
ℎ1 [𝑛] = 2−𝑛 ∗ 𝑢[𝑛 + 3]
ℎ2 [𝑛] = 0.3𝑛 ∗ 𝑢[𝑛 − 5]

Use subplot command to plot 𝑥[𝑛], ℎ1 [𝑛], ℎ2 [𝑛], LHS and RHS results of each property.

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