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Engine Management
System
In subject area: Engineering

The engine management system of a modern car is a

microprocessor-based computer system that takes inputs
such as engine speed, air temperature, throttle opening,
and so on to control fuel injection and ignition timing.

From: Electronics Simplified (Third Edition), 2011

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Chapters and Articles

You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this
topic.

A review on control system

architecture of a SI engine
management system
B. Ashok, ... C. Ramesh Kumar, in Annual Reviews in Control,
2016

Abstract
Engine management systems (EMS) has become an essential
component of a spark ignition (SI) engine in order to achieve high
performance; low fuel consumption and low exhaust emissions.
An engine management system (EMS) is a mixed-signal
embedded system interacting with the engine through number of
sensors and actuators. In addition, it includes an engine control
algorithm in the control unit. The control strategies in EMS are
intended for air-to-fuel ratio control, ignition control, electronic
throttle control, idle speed control, etc. Hence, the control system
architecture of an EMS consists of many sub-control modules in
its structural design to provide an effective output from the
engine. Superior output from the engine is attained by the

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effective design and implementation of the control system in

EMS. The design of an engine control system is a very challenging
kb f h l i f h f i i l d hi
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Control Technologies in Spark-

Ignition Engines
Brian E. Milton, in
Handbook of Air Pollution From Internal Combustion
Engines
, 1998

8 · 5.8.3 MPI Engines

• An engine management system, which is a microprocessor
type with multifunctions.

• A three-way catalytic converter placed in the same position as

the oxidizing reactor of the SPI engine.

• Ignition timing fully under the control of the engine

management system with spark timing determined by the
throttle position, engine speed, knock sensor, engine
temperature, and manifold vacuum.

• A temperature control from the engine coolant of the purge

from the fuel tank vent carbon canisters.

Th MPI i i lik l h d i l h
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Security
Eugene Vasserman, David von Oheimb, in
Developing and Managing Embedded Systems and Products
, 2015

Overview
Historically, system security has received little attention in
embedded systems. Surprisingly, this was actually a reasonable
policy to follow in most cases because embedded systems were
typically isolated from potential sources of attack. An engine
management system, which is isolated in the engine bay of a
motor vehicle and connected only to the engine, provides few
opportunities to compromise the system by a hostile actor.

Increases in connectivity, however, have accompanied increases in

processor power throughout the world of computing; embedded
systems have joined this trend. As a consequence, previously
isolated subsystems tended to be designed so that they could be

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connected to each other within a larger system. In the automotive

world, the widespread adoption of the CAN bus [1] provided a
reliable and inexpensive means for linking together the disparate
control and monitoring systems within a motor vehicle. This
development provided many benefits, but it also meant that the
engine management system no longer remained isolated.

The trend towards increasing connectivity continues. Many

embedded systems now have Internet connectivity, which is often
implemented to provide remote system diagnostics and upgrade
capabilities. Unfortunately, these enhanced capabilities carry with
them the risks associated with exposing the components of the
system to unauthorized external assaults, i.e., hacking.

The security of embedded systems was once an afterthought, if it

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Trends and future perspectives of

electronic throttle control system in
a spark ignition engine
B. Ashok, ... C. Ramesh Kumar, in Annual Reviews in Control,
2017

4 Electronic throttle control (ETC)

Engine Management System (EMS) comprised of large number of
control modules (control loops) in its architecture and electronic
throttle control (ETC) is one of the important module for
managing the effective of operation of electronic throttle body.
The ETC module consists of throttle opening angle estimation
strategy to calculate the required or desired throttle opening
angle ( θreq) by considering the torque demands (driver, traction
control, cruise control, etc.) from the engine. The required throttle
opening angle is precisely controlled by the position control
strategy with minimum or null error. However, position control
system design of electronic throttle body (ETB) is a challenging
task, because of the various system nonlinearities shown in Fig. 3
such as parameter variations, limp-home position spring, frictions
and due to aging of the throttle body.

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Control Technologies in Spark-

Ignition Engines
Brian E. Milton, in
Handbook of Air Pollution From Internal Combustion
Engines
, 1998

8.5.8.1 All Engines

In general, current vehicles are likely to be designed with:

• A compact combustion chamber to minimize wall effects on

UHC emissions and to keep efficiency high.

• Electronic-type ignitions system.

• A closed-type positive crankcase ventilation system.
• An evaporative emission system to vent the fuel tank and
supply.

• A throttle position sensor to allow precise control of idling

speeds.

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Control systems
W. Bolton, in Instrumentation and Control Systems, 2008

4.4.4 Control of fuel pressure

The modern car involves many control systems. For example,
there is the engine management system aimed at controlling the
amount of fuel injected into each cylinder and the time at which
to fire the spark for ignition. Part of such a system is concerned
with delivering a constant pressure of fuel to the ignition system.
Figure 4.15(a) shows the elements involved in such a system. The
fuel from the fuel tank is pumped through a filter to the injectors,
the pressure in the fuel line being controlled to be 2.5 bar (2.5 ×
0.1 MPa) above the manifold pressure by a regulator valve. Figure
4.15(b) shows the principles of such a valve. It consists of a
diaphragm which presses a ball plug into the flow path of the fuel.
The diaphragm has the fuel pressure acting on one side of it and
on the other side is the manifold pressure and a spring. If the

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11/8/24, 11:17 PM Engine Management System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

pressure is too high, the diaphragm moves and opens up the

return path to the fuel tank for the excess fuel, so adjusting the
fuel pressure to bring it back to the required value.

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A review on control system

architecture of a SI engine
management system
B. Ashok, ... C. Ramesh Kumar, in Annual Reviews in Control,
2016

9 Conclusions and future perspective

This paper presented a comprehensive review on the basic control
modules in the SI engine management system (EMS) in terms of
its function, and control strategies. The studies reviewed in this
paper have been largely performed in simulation and
experimental work and appears to confirm the general approach
of the control system architecture in an SI engine management
system (EMS). This review will serve as a basic understanding of
the SI engine control system architecture for the future
developing of an effective control system of EMS, with a high
degree of engine performance, superior drivability and fewer
emissions. From the studies, it is found that the control algorithm
development is a promising area of research in the engine
management system and the future perspectives in the control
system development of a SI engine management system is
highlighted below:

(1) Currently, the intellectual property (IP) rights from the

supplier of engine management system (EMS) propose

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11/8/24, 11:17 PM Engine Management System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Trends and future perspectives of

electronic throttle control system in
a spark ignition engine
B. Ashok, ... C. Ramesh Kumar, in Annual Reviews in Control,
2017

1 Introduction
An automobile engines effectively encompass the aspect of
mechatronic systems with the implementation of electronics,
sensors, actuators and microprocessor based control systems to
provide an enhanced fuel economy, performance and reduced
emission levels (Isermann & Müller, 2003; Lee, Park, & Sunwoo,
2004). The classical way of engine-control process is
accomplished by means of a mechanical approach, but now it is
being replaced by electronic control systems (Guzzella, 2009;
Taghavipour, Azad, & McPhee, 2015). In such systems, engine
performance such as power, torque, fuel-consumption and
emission level, is significantly affected by the control strategies
followed in the Engine Management System (EMS). The modern
spark ignition engines are generally equipped with an EMS whose
task is to controls the operations such as ignition, air-to-fuel ratio,
idle speed, throttle control and variable valve timing, etc., for
reducing the emissions and improve the average fuel economy
(George & Pecht, 2014; Kelly, 2012). In SI engine, the process of

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Design and Applications

L.P.V.M. Van Rijn, in Comprehensive Composite Materials,
2000

6.13.5.1.2 Technical details of modern

engine design
Basically an engine is called “reliable” if the fuel–air mixture and
the ignition are adapted to ever-changing parameters, such as air
inlet temperature and pressure, engine coolant and oil
temperature, power demand, and fuel quality. The system itself
must be free from mechanical, electric, and other faults.

Modern engine management systems monitor the above-

mentioned parameters, and perform a self-test shortly before the
actual start is permitted. A microprocessor monitors the
environmental and internal engine parameters and calculates the

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11/8/24, 11:17 PM Engine Management System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

optimum fuel–air mixture and ignition advance angle. Every inlet

port has its own fuel injector, so the fuel is evenly distributed. The
fuel pressure is chosen so that the fuel injection spray cone is of
the finest and evenly distributed droplet size. The stability of the
fuel injection to the engine is absolutely independent of the
engine's position related to gravity or local acceleration vector.
Some engines have a lambda sond which feeds back the actual
burned fuel–air mixture signal and corrective action is taken
according a strategy on ROM. If a tiny amount of water is mixed
into the fuel, the system suspects a lean burn and immediately
enriches the fuel injection amount. The ignition system is a high
performance, fully digitized mapped system (on ROM) which
protects against overspeeding by cutting back the ignition spark
advance, so the power output reduces. It stabilizes idle running by
varying the ignition timing continuously. Every sparkplug has its
own ignition coil, which means that the spark is so powerful the
possible fuel–air mixture ratio which can be ignited reaches the
physical boundaries of burning, hence any coughing, rough
running, backfiring, pinking, or smoking is absent. Besides this,
the fuel consumption is much better; say twice as low as a two-
stroke engine, and around 0.258 gr/KW/h. The HC emission is 5%
of a two-stroke, between 80 and 120ppm, without a catalyst

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Trends and future perspectives of

electronic throttle control system in
a spark ignition engine
B. Ashok, ... C. Ramesh Kumar, in Annual Reviews in Control,
2017

Abstract
Electronic throttle control (ETC) system has turned into an
extremely prominent system with a specific end goal to vary the
intake airflow rate to provide a better fuel economy, emissions,
drivability and also for integration with other systems in spark
ignition engines. ETC system consists of mechatronic device called
as electronic throttle body (ETB) which is located in the intake
manifold of an engine after the air filter and also has a separate
control system in the engine management system (EMS). The
throttle angle has to be precisely maintained based on the driver
and other system requirements to provide an enhanced throttle
response and drivability. However, existence of nonlinearities in
the system, such as limp-home position, friction, airflow and
aging, affects the position accuracy of the throttle valve. A control

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system strategy is employed in EMS to handle the other system

requirements in throttle opening angle estimation and the
nonlinearities in position control. This work features

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Related terms:
Energy Engineering, Hydrogen Energy,

Natural Gas, Compressed Natural Gas,

Diesel Engine, Direct-Injection,

Performance and Emissions,

Spark Ignition Engine, Natural Gas Vehicle,

Natural Gas Engine.

Recommended publications

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Journal

Energy Conversion and Management

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