Section:A ( Short Answers)(20 Marks)

QUESTION:1

A computer is an electronic device that can process data, perform complex calculations, and
execute a wide range of tasks according to a set of instructions, known as a program.

Differences from Traditional Tools:

A. Functionality:
- Typewriters: Primarily used for producing text documents, typewriters are mechanical
devices designed for a specific function.
- Calculators: These are designed specifically for mathematical computations. While they
can perform various calculations, calculators have limited functionality and cannot execute a
wide range of tasks like computers.

B. Flexibility:
- Typewriters and calculators are limited to their specific functions. In contrast,
computers can run different applications for various tasks, making them much more versatile.

QUESTION:2

(a) Central Processing Unit (CPU):

- Function: Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU is responsible for
executing instructions from programs.

(b) Memory (RAM):

- Function: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of volatile memory that temporarily
stores data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks.

(c). Storage:
- Function: Storage refers to the permanent data storage component of a computer, where
files, applications, and the operating system are kept. Unlike RAM, storage retains data even
when the computer is powered off.

(d). Input/Output (I/O) Devices:

- Function: I/O devices facilitate interaction between the user and the computer system.
Input devices (such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones) allow users to enter data
and commands.
QUESTION :3

System software is designed to manage and control computer hardware and provide a
platform for running application software.

Examples:
- Operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android manage
hardware resources, provide user interfaces.

Application Software

Application software is designed for end-users to perform specific tasks or applications.

Examples:
- Productivity Software: Programs like Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and
Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Slides) allow users to create and manage documents,
spreadsheets, and presentations.

QUESTION:4

An operating system (OS) is a critical component of a computer system, serving as an

intermediary between users and the hardware. It manages the computer's resources
efficiently, ensuring that both hardware and software operate smoothly together.

It performs in managing computer on the following:

Resource Management like:CPU Management: The OS manages the CPU's allocation to

various tasks, ensuring that multiple processes run efficiently through techniques like
scheduling.

Memory Management: The operating system allocates and manages system memory
(RAM).

Storage Management: The OS handles file systems, manages data storage, and controls disk
access.

Device Management: The OS manages peripheral devices through device drivers, which
facilitate communication between the hardware and software.
QUESTION:5

Examples Of Input Devices and their functions:

a. Keyboard:
- Function: The keyboard is a primary input device that allows users to enter text,
commands, and other data into a computer system. It consists of keys for letters, numbers,
and special functions.
How It Works: When a key is pressed, it sends a signal to the computer's CPU, indicating
which key was activated.

b. Mouse:
Function: The mouse is another essential input device that provides a way to interact with
the graphical elements of a computer's user interface. It allows users to point, click, drag, and
select items on screen.
How It Works: The mouse detects its movement through a sensor mechanism, either an
optical sensor or a ball, and translates this movement into cursor movements on the screen.

Examples Of Output Device and their functions

a. Monitor:
Function: The monitor is a primary output device that displays visual information from the
computer, including user interfaces, images, videos, and application outputs.
How It Works: The CPU sends processed data to the monitor through the graphics card.
This data is then converted into visual images that are rendered on the screen, allowing users
to see the results of their input and interact visually with the system.

b. Printer:
Function: A printer is an output device that produces hard copies of digital documents,
images, and other visual information from the computer.
How It Works: When a user selects a document to print, the computer sends the print
command and data to the printer via a cable or network connection.

Section :B ( Application based-scenario)(15 Marks)

QUESTION:6

For tasks like Internet browsing, email, and printing, a standard personal computer (PC) or
laptop would be suitable. Here are some options:
(a).Desktop Computer: A typical desktop PC can easily handle web browsing, email
applications, and printing tasks. They usually offer more power and are often more
customizable or upgradeable than laptops.
(b). Laptop: A laptop is portable and convenient for users who need to work in different
locations. It can perform all the same tasks as a desktop, including accessing the Internet and
managing email.

QUESTION:7
In a small office, the right combination of hardware and software is essential for efficiency
and productivity. Here’s a breakdown of common hardware and software components, along
with their roles:
Hardware’s
a. Computers
Desktops/Laptops: These are used for tasks such as document creation, data analysis,
communication, and Internet access.
b. Printers:
All-in-One Printers: These devices can print, scan, copy, and fax documents, making them
versatile for office needs.
d. Networking Equipment:
Router: Facilitates Internet access and allows devices within the office to connect to each
other.
Switch: Connects multiple devices on a local network, allowing them to communicate.
d. External Storage Devices:
External Hard Drives/USB Flash Drives: Used for backups and transferring data between
computers.
Software’s
a. Operating Systems:
Windows/MacOS/Linux: The primary software platform that manages hardware resources
and provides a user interface for running applications.
b. Office Productivity Suites:
Microsoft Office/Google Workspace: Includes applications for word processing,
spreadsheets, presentations, and email.
Roles in a Small Office
Facilitating Communication: Devices and software enable team members to communicate
effectively with each other and with clients.
Document Management: Computers and software enable the creation, editing, sharing, and
storage of important documents.
Financial Tracking: Accounting software aids in managing finances and creating financial
reports.
Task and Project Management: Tools help keep projects organized and ensure that
deadlines are met.
Network Management: Hardware like routers and switches ensure reliable Internet access
and connectivity among devices.
QUESTION:8

- When selecting a computer for tasks such as installing games, editing videos, and
running school work, it's important to consider specifications that will provide a
smooth experience for these resource-intensive activities. Here are some
recommendations for RAM, storage, and software:

RAM (Random Access Memory)

- Recommendation: At least 16 GB of RAM
- Why: Video editing software (like Adobe Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro) and modern games
are memory-intensive. 16 GB is often the minimum recommended for these tasks, providing
enough capacity to run these applications simultaneously alongside other programs (e.g.,
browsing, word processing). For heavier tasks or multitasking, consider upgrading to 32 GB.
Storage
Recommendation:
- SSD (Solid State Drive):512 GB minimum, preferably 1 TB or more if budgets allow.
- HDD (Hard Disk Drive):Optional for additional storage; 1 TB or more.
Why: SSDs are much faster than traditional HDDs, leading to quicker boot times, faster
application launches, and better overall performance when loading games and editing large
video files.
Software
Operating System:
- Windows 10/11 or macOS: Depending on preference and the software you plan to use.
Recommended Software:
- Video Editing: Adobe Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, Final Cut Pro (macOS).
- Game Platforms: Steam, Epic Games Store, etc.
Office Software: Microsoft Office, Google Workspace, or any other productivity software
for school work.
QUESTION:9
When using automatic update system towards a selected device, it comes with advantages
and disadvantages as follows:
Advantages Of automatic system updates:
(a). For security Enhancements:
- Automatic updates frequently include security patches that protect your system from
vulnerabilities. This helps to safeguard against malware and cyber attacks.

(b). For Performance Improvements:

- Updates may include performance improvements and bug fixes that enhance the overall
functionality of your software or operating system.
(Those advantages will help Maria’s device to work smoothly and remain protective on
cyber attacks)
Disadvantages Of Automatic system updates

(a) Potential for Disruption: - Automatic updates can sometimes occur at

inconvenient times, leading to disruptions, such as restarts or slow performance
during critical tasks.

(b) May result in Loss of Control:

- Users might have limited control over which updates are installed, which can lead to
unwanted changes to the software or system configurations.
( is better for Maria to change on a different device that doesn’t require automatic
systematically updates, for her to have access and prompt on when to update to avoid
data usage and information loss).
QUESTION:10
Operating systems (Linux) support multitasking, the ability to manage multiple tasks
simultaneously, through various mechanisms and techniques.
(Example if Maria could have opted to use Linux/OS as an operating system that
requires manually system updates, it could have helped her on the following:
Process Creation and Termination: Linux allows users to create and manage processes.
Each running application or task is treated as a separate process, which can be created,
terminated, or suspended as needed.
Process Control Blocks (PCBs):Linux keeps track of each process with a data structure
called a Process Control Block, which contains important information such as the process
state, program counter, CPU registers, memory limits, and I/O status.
Memory Management
Virtual Memory Linux utilizes virtual memory, allowing processes to use more memory than
what is physically available. This involves swapping parts of processes in and out of physical
RAM.
Memory Allocation: Linux allocates memory to processes dynamically, ensuring that they
have the memory resources needed to execute simultaneously without interfering with one
another.
Task Switching: Linux offers mechanisms for users to switch between applications
seamlessly, such as Alt+Tab functionality in Windows or Mission Control in macOS.
QUESTION:11
Windows and Linux are two widely used operating systems, each with its own strengths and
weaknesses. Here’s a comparative1 overview based on functionality, usability, and purpose:
Windows
Generally focuses on user-friendly interfaces and compatibility with a wide array of
software, especially commercial applications.
Functionality
- Strong support for gaming, multimedia applications, and productivity software.
- Regular updates for security and features, with a more centralized update system through
Windows Update.
Linux:
- Highly customizable; users can choose different distributions (distros) with varying
functionalities (e.g., Ubuntu for user-friendliness, CentOS for servers).
Functionality
- Strong command-line interface (CLI) capabilities, making it preferred for programming,
scripting, and server management.
- Often considered more secure and stable, especially in server environments, due to its
permission system and development philosophy.
Windows on its Usability
- Generally has a more intuitive and visually appealing graphical user interface (GUI),
making it easier for new users to navigate.
Usability
- Excellent support for hardware and peripherals out of the box, with many drivers readily
available.
- User-centric ecosystem, with extensive help and support resources.
Linux on its usability
- Usability can vary significantly between different distros; some are designed for beginners
(like Linux Mint), while others require a more technical understanding (like Arch Linux).
Usability
- Customizability can enhance usability for advanced users but may overwhelm newcomers.
- Many distros come with package managers for easy software installation and updates.
Windows on its purpose
- Primarily aimed at general consumers and businesses, suitable for desktop and laptop use.
- Commonly utilized for tasks related to home computing, gaming, and business
applications.
Linux on its purpose
- Versatile; used in servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and personal computers.
- Excellent for development environments, hosting websites, and applications requiring high
performance and security.
- Increasingly popular in academic, research, and tech fields, particularly for programming
and system.
( I recommend Maria to use Linux for her needs, because it will enhance her work to
run efficiently, it will help on data usage and that will allow to update the device app
manual and this option is good for academic usage, as it has a large storage).