LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS, PLANNING

AND MAPPING

P/LT. COL. LINO DE LEON BANAAG (RET)

CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS
1. PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATION – Includes Search, Rescue
and Retrieval Operations, Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills and
similar operations that promote public safety 2. Law
Enforcement Operations – includes service of W A,
implementation of S W, Enforcement of visitorial power of
C,PNP and Unit Comdrs, enforcement of laws statutes,
Executive Orders and ordinances
3. Internal Security Operations – Counter Insurgency,
Counter Terrorism etc to insure internal security
CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS
4. Special Police Operation – Check points, Road blocks,
CDM, Police Assistance in the enforcement of eviction,
injunction, Court Orders, Hostage Situation, special
missions.
5. Intelligence Operations – includes PSI, Surveillance and
C S, Gathering, Research, Analysis, Evaluation of
information and other intel functions
6. Investigation Operations – Investigation of crimes,
Administrative derelictions, crime analysis, trends and case
 filing
CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS
7. Scene of the Crime Operation – processing of the crime
scene, technical and forensic examinations of pieces of
evidence and special investigative assistance

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
PRE OPERATIONAL CLEARANCE – police operation shall not
be conducted without the approval of the Chief/Commander
 of the Unit. Clearance shall be filed by the Team Leader
INTER UNIT COORDINATION
1. Personal Coordination/Representative: T L of
operating unit shall coordinate personally or thru
representative when operating outside their jurisdiction.
2. Filing of Coordination Form:
Prior to every operations, except in special cases,
coordination form shall be filed with the concerned
operations center.
INTER UNIT COORDINATION
3. Coordination by Practical/Available Means: In
extreme cases where formal written coordination is
impracticable, the fastest available means. An After
Operations Report shall be furnished to the concerned
unit upon completion.
POLICE / L. E. OPERATIONS
Police and Law Enforcement Operations
encompass a wide range of activities, particularly
patrol and traffic operations, implementation of
special laws, command and control, civil
disturbance, disaster management, terrorism,
deployment of troops, internal security operations
and community affairs/relations
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE
INTERVENTION OPERATIONS
All police intervention operations (arrest, raid,
search and seizure, checkpoint, demolition, civil
disturbance management) shall be conducted:
 a. with a marked police vehicle;
b. preferably led by a Police Commissioned Officer
(PCO); and
c. with personnel in prescribed police uniform
REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE OPERATIONS
1. Basic Requirements:
Conduct of arrest, search and seizure, checkpoint,
roadblock, CDM shall be:
 a. Officer led;
b. Use of marked police vehicles; and
c. Wearing of prescribed police uniform/attire
REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE

OPERATIONS2. WARNING BY USE OF

MEGAPHONES
 During actual police intervention operations, the TL
shall use peaceful means including the use of
megaphones or any other similar instruments to
influence/warn the offenders/suspects to stop and/or
peacefully give up.

3. WARNING SHOTS The police shall not use warning

shots during police interventions.
USE OF FORCE
1. Issuance of Warning
 The police officer must first issue a warning before
he could use force against an offender. The warning is
issued for the police officer to identify himself and to give
opportunity to the offender to surrender. The duty to
issue a warning is however not absolute.
USE OF FORCE

1. Issuance of Warning

The directive to issue a warning is necessary

 only in situations where several options are still
available to the police officer but in cases where
the threat to the life of a police officer is already
imminent, and there is no other option but to use
force to subdue the offender, the law enforcer’s
failure to issue a warning is excusable.
USE OF FORCE
2. Reasonable Force
During an armed confrontation, only such necessary
 and reasonable force should be applied as would be
sufficient to overcome resistance put up by the offender;
subdue the clear and imminent danger posed by him; or
to justify the force/act under the principles of self
defense, defense of relative, or defense of stranger. The
Officer-in-Charge of the operation shall, at all times,
exercise control over his men in the area, and shall
exhaust all possible means so that no innocent civilian is
caught in the crossfire.
USE OF FORCE
2. Reasonable Force
 The reasonableness of the force employed will
depend upon the number of aggressor, nature and
characteristic of the weapon used, physical condition, size
and other circumstances to include the place and occasion
of the assault. A police officer, however, is not required to
afford a person attacking him the opportunity for a fair or
equal struggle. His duty requires him to overcome his
opponent. In the lawful performance of his duty, the
police officer must stand his ground to accomplish his
mandated task of enforcing the law and maintenance of
peace and order.
USE OF FORCE
3. Use of Weapon

The excessive use of force is prohibited. The use of

weapon is justified if the suspect poses imminent danger of
causing death or injury to the police officer or other persons.
The use of weapon is also justified under the Doctrines
of Self-Defense, Defense of Relative, and Defense of Stranger.
However, one who resorts to self-defense must face a real
threat on his life, and the peril sought to be avoided must be
actual, imminent and real. Moreover, unlawful aggression
 should be present for self-defense to be considered as
justifying circumstance.
MOVING VEHICLES
A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except
when its occupants pose imminent danger of causing
death or injury to the police officer or any other
person, and that the use of firearm does not create a
danger to the public and outweighs the likely benefits
of its non-use.
 In firing upon a moving vehicle, the following
parameters should be considered:
MOVING VEHICLES
a. the intent of the fleeing suspect/s to harm the police
officer or other persons;

b. the capability of the fleeing suspect/s to harm in

certainty the police officer or other persons; and
c. accessibility or the proximity of the fleeing suspect/s
with the police officer and other persons.
REPORTORIAL REQUIREMENTS

Any police officer who used his firearm

against a suspect must submit an after-encounter
report outlining the circumstances necessitating
the use of weapon against the suspect
AFTER AN ARMED CONFRONTATION:
Immediately after an armed confrontation, the Officer
in-Charge shall:
a. Secure the site of confrontation;
b. Take photographs;
c. Check whether the situation still poses imminent danger;
d. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital; e. Ensure
that all persons who died on the spot are not moved from
their original position. Arrested suspects, on the other hand,
should be kept in isolation;
f. Conduct debriefing on all involved PNP operatives; and
g. Submit After-Operations Report
Patrol Guidelines:
a. Observe precautionary measures and personal safety
while on patrol.
b. Practice defensive driving and follow traffic rules and
regulations.
c. Select routes which provide best visibility. d. Be observant
of people, places, situations or conditions and develop a
suspicious attitude especially if the subject appears to be
slightly out of the ordinary.
e. Use tact and persuasiveness when conducting spot inquiry
or questioning individuals for information.
Patrol Guidelines:
f. When requiring a suspicious person or any individual for
identification, avoid taking the wallet or bag in which the
cards/documents are placed. Let the individual remove and
hand them to you.
g. Be familiar, as much as possible, with known
criminals/ex-convicts residing in or frequenting the patrol
beat.
h. Be on the alert for loiters.
i. Keep under close observation actions of juveniles, trouble
makers/agitators and the mentally ill/retarded persons.
Patrol Guidelines:
j. Observe the practice of “shaking doors” of unguarded
business establishments during night patrol. Check for signs
of intrusion.
k. When checking suspicious persons, places, buildings/
establishments and vehicles especially during nighttime, be
prepared to use your service firearm. Flashlight should be
held tightly away from the body to avoid making you a
possible target.
l. Be familiar with stay-in employees of business
establishments in your beat.
Patrol Guidelines:*
m. Establish good rapport with the people in your
beat. n. Keep watch of uninhabited homes.
o. Patrol members should avoid loitering in theaters,
restaurants and other recreational places.
p. Develop contacts by getting to know as many people as
possible who can give factual information about crime
condition in the patrol beat.
q. Patrol members must be always on the look-out for
indications of vices and other illegal activities in their beat. r.
Patrol members must be knowledgeable of all conditions,
events and details of places in their beat.
DUTIES OF PATROL SUPERVISORS

A. In any operation, careful planning is a must in order to

avoid waste of time, effort and resources. Make a patrol
plan with the following details:
1.Area Coverage: safe haven, ambush areas and crime
prone areas
2. Organizational Detail of Personnel;
3.Duration
4. Stand-by points
 5. Route plan
DUTIES OF PATROL SUPERVISORS

B. Designate and select the members of the patrol team/s.

C. Inspect the members of the patrol on the completeness
of the uniforms, availability of personnel, and operational
readiness of personnel and equipment. D. Conduct briefing
prior to dispatch on the priority of activities to be
undertaken during the patrol as the situation demands;
remind the patrol on the strict observance of the PNP
Operational Procedures.
DUTIES OF PATROL SUPERVISORS

E. Render hourly report of location and situation through

radio/ telephone to Police Community Precinct
(PCP)/Station Headquarters Tactical Operation Center
(TOC).
F. Render after-patrol report duly signed by detailed
personnel. PCP Commanders shall collate and submit
significant details to the Station Patrol Supervisor, who in
turn, will submit the same to the Provincial/District Patrol
Supervisor.
DUTIES OF PATROL SUPERVISORS
 G. Strictly observe “Buddy System” during the patrol
operations. h. Conduct debriefing after the patrol to assess
its conduct and make necessary corrective measures on
defects noted.
DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICER
a. Attend the Roll Call Formation before his Tour of Duty for
briefing and likewise attend the after Tour of Duty formation
for debriefing;
b. Patrol the assigned beats, observe and check suspicious
people, structures/buildings, compounds and vehicles;
 c. Respond to calls, entertain complaints, initiate the
investigation and protection of the scene and minimize the
after effects of accidents, fires and other catastrophes;
DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICER
d. Observe and monitor public gatherings, prevent disorders
and disperse unlawful assemblies;
e. Prevent crimes and arrest sighted law violators, assuring
the public that peace is preserved;
f. Inspect and/or conduct surveillance in various places of
business establishments and other installation and remove
 hazards to public safety;
DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICER
g. Assist personnel of responsible agencies/unit in
facilitating the flow of traffic at busy intersections/roads
within his Area of Responsibility (AOR), assist and provide
pedestrian information such as directions and street
locations;
h. Conduct home visitations when circumstances warrants,
ugnayans/dialogues with the residents in their beat; i.
Report occurrences and conditions which relate to crime,
 public peace, order and safety;
DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICER
j. Enforce city/municipal ordinances on liquor
establishments and night clubs, cabarets and all houses of
ill-reputes; and
k. Check suspicious vehicles (private, public, or commercial/
delivery vehicles) along the highways in the course of their
patrol.
l. Patrol Officers shall wear the prescribed patrol uniform.
m. Patrol Officers must have the equipment necessary in
 the performance of their duty.
RESPONDING TO CALLS FOR POLICE ASSISTANCE

a. Gather and note down in your patrol logbook all available

data as to the nature of the calls, date, time and name of the
caller. It may be regular, urgent or emergency in nature. b. In
all cases, the driver of the mobile patrol should avoid reckless
driving.
c. The manner of approach will be dependent on the nature
of the call either with haste/secrecy or with/without flashing
lights and sirens.
d. Consider the pertinent factors like the time, condition of
traffic, the possibility of greater damage and the
neighborhood characteristics.
RESPONDING TO CALLS FOR POLICE ASSISTANCE

e. Stop the car at some distance away from the scene. f.

Approach the scene on foot in complete silence and exercising
extreme caution.
g. Immediately attend to the injured unless the other
members of the patrol are in immediate danger. h. Focus all
efforts to arrest criminals; however, priority shall be given to
aiding the injured.
i. Determine the crime committed, identify and question
briefly the victim/complainant and possible witnesses at the
scene.
RESPONDING TO CALLS FOR POLICE ASSISTANCE

j. When the suspects or criminals have fled the scene before

your arrival, immediately relay the composition, armament,
appearance, and mode and direction of escape of the
suspects to the Tactical Operation Center (TOC) for the
conduct of dragnet operations.
k. When responding to street fights/brawls, the patrol
member should call for back-up before intervening. If there
are no injuries and insufficient corroborative statements
obtained to identify who started the fight, disperse the crowd
and make complete notes.
RESPONDING TO CALLS FOR POLICE ASSISTANCE

l. Never treat calls or complaints of loud noises caused by

barking dogs, drunks, appliances and parties as negligible or a
nuisance. They only need courteous and tactful intervention
and not enforcement actions.
m. When responding to call for police assistance due to
planted or found explosives, never attempt to handle, move
or lift the object. Instead contact TOC and request for
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Team (EODT). On-lookers must
be promptly led to a safe distance.
RESPONDING TO CALLS FOR POLICE ASSISTANCE

n. When responding to calls from owners of beerhouses, bars

or inns or any other similar establishments during night time,
request the owner to put the lights on first before entering
the establishments.
o. Do not attempt to arbitrate and resolve conflicts/differences
between neighbors, landlords/tenants, husband and wife.
However, you should allow both sides to tell their stories
GROUNDS FOR SPOT CHECK/ACCOSTING:*

The police officer may stop an individual for the

purpose of conducting a spot check/accosting only when
reasonable suspicion exists. Reasonable suspicion must be
more than just a hunch or feeling. In justifying the stop, the
police officer must be able to point to specific facts that,
when taken together with rational inferences, reasonably
warrant the stop. Such facts include, but are not limited to,
the following:
a. The appearance or demeanor of the individual suggests
that he is part of a criminal enterprise or is engaged in a
criminal act;
b. The actions of the individual suggest that he is engaged in
a criminal activity;
c. Questionable presence of the individual in the area; d. The
subject is carrying a suspicious object; e. The suspect’s
clothing bulges in a manner that suggests he is carrying a
weapon;
f. The suspect has been found in the time and place
proximate to an alleged crime;
g. The police officer has knowledge of the suspect’s prior
criminal record or involvement in criminal activity; and h. The
individual flees at the sight of a police officer.
GROUNDS FOR BODY FRISK/PAT-DOWN SEARCH

A police officer has the right to perform a pat-down

search if the individual has been legitimately stopped with
reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason
to believe that the individual possesses weapon/s on his
person and poses a threat to the police officer’s or another
person’s safety. Circumstances which may justify pat-down
search:

a. The type of crime believed to be committed by the

subject; particularly crimes of violence where the threat of
use or use of deadly weapon is involved;
GROUNDS FOR BODY FRISK/PAT-DOWN SEARCH

b. Where the police officer handles several suspects; c. The

time of the day and the location where the pat down search
took place;
d. Prior knowledge by the police officer of the suspect’s use
of force and/or propensity to carry deadly weapons; e. The
appearance and demeanor of the suspect; f. Visual
indications suggesting that the suspect is carrying a firearm
or other deadly weapon; and
g. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be
performed by police officers of the same gender.
GROUNDS FOR BODY FRISK/PAT-DOWN SEARCH:

A police officer has the right to perform a pat-down

search if the individual has been legitimately stopped with
reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason
to believe that the individual possesses weapon/s on his
person and poses a threat to the police officer’s or another
person’s safety. Circumstances which may justify pat-down
search:
a. The type of crime believed to be committed by the subject
– particularly crimes of violence where the threat of use or
use of deadly weapon is involved;
GROUNDS FOR BODY FRISK/PAT-DOWN SEARCH:

b. Where the police officer handles several suspects; c. The

time of the day and the location where the pat down search
took place;
d. Prior knowledge by the police officer of the suspect’s use
of force and/or propensity to carry deadly weapons; e. The
appearance and demeanor of the suspect; f. Visual
indications suggesting that the suspect is carrying a firearm
or other deadly weapon; and g. Whenever possible,
pat-down searches should be performed by police officers of
the same gender
PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES FOR SPOT
CHECKS/ACCOSTING
a. When approaching the individual, the police officer shall
clearly identify himself as a police officer. If not in uniform, by
announcing his identity and displaying official identification
card and/or badge.
b. Police officers shall be courteous at all times but maintain
caution and vigilance for suspicious movements like tending
to retrieve weapon, conceal or discard contraband, or other
similar actions.
c. Before approaching more than one individual, police
officers should determine whether the circumstances warrant
a request for back-up and whether the spot check/ accosting
can and should be delayed until such back-up arrives.
d. Police officers shall confine their questions as to suspect’s
identity, place of residence, and other inquiries necessary to
resolve the police officer’s suspicion. However, in no instance
shall a police officer hold a suspect longer than the period
reasonably necessary to be able to make these limited
inquiries and to resolve suspicions.
e. Police officers are not required to give the suspect Miranda
Warning unless the person is placed under arrest.
PROCEDURES FOR PAT-DOWN SEARCH:
When reasonable suspicion justifies a pat-down
search, the search should be performed with due caution,
restraint, and sensitivity. Pat-down searches should be
conducted in the following manner:
a. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be
conducted by at least two (2) police officers, one to
perform the search while the other provides protective
cover.
b. Because pat-down searches are cursory in nature, they
should be performed with the suspect in a standing
position, or with hands placed against a stationary object,
and feet spread apart. However, should an officer visually
observe a weapon, a more secure search position may be
used like the prone (lying face down) position.
c. In a pat-down search, officers are permitted only to feel
the outer clothing of the suspect. Police officers may not
place their hands inside the pockets of the subject’s
clothing unless they feel an object that could probably be a
weapon, such as a gun, knife, club, or the likes.
d. If the suspect is carrying an object such as handbag,
suitcase, briefcase, sack, or other similar items that may
conceal a weapon, the police officer should not open the
item but instead put it in a place out of the suspect’s reach.
e. If the external patting of the suspect’s clothing fails to
disclose evidence of a weapon, no further search may be
made. If a weapon is found and the possession of which
amounts to a violation of the law, the police officer shall
arrest the suspect and conduct a complete search
REPORTING AFTER THE SPOT
CHECK/ACCOSTING OR PAT-DOWN SEARCH:

If after conducting a spot check/accosting or pat down

search, the police officer has no basis for making an

arrest, he should record the facts of such spot
check/accosting or pat-down search and forward a report
to the appropriate authority. If the spot check/accosting
or pat-down search gives a justification for a valid
warrantless arrest, then an arrest shall be made.
CHECKPOINTS

1. Authority to Establish Checkpoints:

The establishment of checkpoints must always be

authorized by the PNP and manned by uniformed PNP
personnel assigned in the area. Other units directly involved
in an operation may establish mobile checkpoints in
coordination with the Commander of the Unit/Station in the
area.
CHECKPOINTS
2. Composition:
In the conduct of checkpoint proper, the checkpoint
team shall be composed of, but not limited to, the
following:
a. Team Leader (TL) - shall lead and take responsibility in
the conduct of checkpoint preferably an officer with the
rank of at least Police Lieutenant;
b. Spotter - PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected
vehicle subject for checkpoint;
2. Composition:
c. Spokesperson - TL or member who is solely in charge of
communicating with the motorists subject for checkpoint;
d. Investigation Sub-team - in charge of investigation and
documentation of possible incidents in the checkpoint to
include issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic
Violation Report (TVR);
e. Search/Arresting Sub-Team - designated to conduct
search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;
2. Composition:

f. Security Sub-Team - tasked to provide security in the

checkpoint area; and
g. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team - team tasked to
block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle
GUIDELINES
a. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when
established in conjunction with ongoing police operations.
Only officially marked vehicles shall be used in
establishing mobile checkpoints.
b. Checkpoints may be established when there is a need
to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice. c. The
composition of the personnel manning the checkpoint
shall be left to the sound discretion of the PNP unit
commander.
GUIDELINES
d. Encourage the participation of, but not limited to, the
Local Government Units (LGUs), Civil Society Groups,
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), business
organizations, other civic groups, media and other
stakeholders during the conduct of Police Checkpoint.
e. The participation of the civilians and the presence of
the media in the conduct of checkpoint must be confined
only as observers to give police additional eyes and
promote transparency of activities in the area.
f. Civic groups or organizations to include the media, who
are inclined to participate in police checkpoints, must be
duly registered and accredited by the PNP for such
purpose. The accreditation of the civilian groups to join in
the conduct of checkpoint shall be administered by the
Police Regional and Provincial Offices.
g. Personnel manning the checkpoint must have a
presentable appearance, wearing the prescribed PNP
uniform. Likewise, the civilian members must also be in
their organization’s uniform with their names
conspicuously displayed for identification. In no case shall
the civilian components be allowed to bear firearms
during the checkpoint.
h. In Metro Manila and other major cities, police officers
manning the checkpoints should not wear Field Service
Uniforms (FSU) or black fatigues in lieu of the PNP General
Office Attire unless the conduct of checkpoint is a result of a
Hot Pursuit Operation or a High Risk Checkpoint. The use of
mixed uniforms (GOA, FSU, black fatigue) in the conduct of
checkpoint is strictly prohibited.
i. As much as possible, the area where the checkpoints shall
be established must be properly lighted, with a noticeable
signage bearing the name of the PNP unit and the
participating organization/s visibly displayed in the
checkpoint site, to prevent any apprehension from the
public of the existence of the same.
j. Due courtesy must be accorded to the motorists, traders
and the commuters during the conduct of checkpoint.
k. The spokesperson must greet the people subject for
inspection, ask apology for the inconvenience, appeal for
understanding and state the reasons of the operation.
Thank the person/s searched.
l. Except in the actual commission of crime during
checkpoints or in a hot pursuit operation, the conduct of
inspection of vehicle during a routine checkpoint is
 limited to a visual search and therefore must be done
with due respect to innocent passersby, commuters, or
bystanders and be conducted in a manner that is least
inconvenient to the public. Searches, seizures, and arrest
made during checkpoints shall be within the ambit of the
law.
m. Violations/Infractions of the law discovered during the
checkpoint operation shall be expeditiously disposed of
following legal procedures. Arrested persons must be
apprised of their rights in reference to the Miranda
Doctrine.
n. The security of the PNP personnel, and most especially
that of the civilians participating in the checkpoint
operation, must be given due consideration in the
planning stage of the operation.
o. Only the security sub-team and blocking/pursuing
sub-team members are allowed to display high-powered
firearms and are positioned where they can best provide
security to the Checkpoint team including themselves.
p. Checkpoint personnel must not limit their task in law
enforcement and crime deterrence. They should also be
ready to provide police assistance in the vicinity e.g.,
giving directions to inquiring motorists or passersby.
q. The PNP operating units must provide their own
logistical and financial requirements to avoid soliciting
support from the civilians for their personal or
operational needs.
r. Police personnel assigned in the checkpoint shall not
mulct, extort, or harass drivers, passengers, and traders.
Designated TL assigned at the checkpoint shall be
responsible for the actuations and behavior of his
personnel and shall be accountable under the doctrine of
Command Responsibility.
s. Voluntary offers of cash or in kind from the
traders/motorists passing the checkpoint should be
absolutel refused because the offer miht be
t. The police and the civilian component must separately
submit their After Checkpoint Operation Report to their
respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the
efficacy of the operation
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF REGULAR POLICE
CHECKPOINT
a. Unit Commanders should inform Higher Headquarters
(HHQs) Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and coordinate with
adjacent units, such as, MPS, CPS, NSUs, Public Safety
Management Forces and other friendly forces, personally or
through an official representative, before commencing with
the checkpoint to avoid mis-encounter and any untoward
incident;
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF REGULAR
POLICE CHECKPOINT

b. The TL shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the

civilian components present, including the media regarding
the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned
tasks prior to their deployment;
c. The TL shall initially account for the PNP personnel and
check if they are in the prescribed uniform. PNP personnel
conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at
all times.
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF REGULAR
POLICE CHECKPOINT

If wearing a jacket, the flap of the jacket bearing their

names should also be displayed. Likewise, the equipment
will include, but not limited to, the following: 1. Marked
Patrol vehicles;
2. Firearms with basic load of ammunition; 3.
Handheld and vehicle base radios;
 4. Flashlights;
5. Megaphone; and
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF HASTY
CHECKPOINTS

a. PNP personnel conducting mobile patrols on board

patrol vehicles will initially man the checkpoint, to be
complemented by additional personnel upon arrival of
reinforcement. A collapsible signage with markings: “Stop,
Police Checkpoint”, indicating also the name of the
concerned police office/unit conducting the operations, will
be used for the purpose;
b. In the case of PNP personnel conducting Internal
Security Operation (ISO) or foot patrol, where a vehicle
and collapsible signage is not readily available, the
checkpoint shall be manned initially by said personnel;
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF HASTY
CHECKPOINTS

c. The team shall immediately inform Higher Headquarters

of the exact location of the Hasty Checkpoint to include
personnel involved and available equipment;
d. In a hasty checkpoint, where there is a possibility of
high risk stop and high risk arrest, and that there is an
urgency for troop deployment and that public safety might
be at risk, the participation of the civilian component and
the presence of the media in the checkpoint operation shall
not be allowed;
PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF HASTY
CHECKPOINTS

e. The Unit Commander of the personnel manning the

hasty checkpoint shall immediately send additional
personnel, equipment and signage to the area in order to
convert the Hasty Checkpoint into a Regular Checkpoint;
and
f. As soon as the Hasty Checkpoint is converted into a
Regular Checkpoint, TL shall follow the procedures on
Section 4 paragraph c of this Rule.
GENERAL PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED
WHEN CHECKPOINTS ARE IGNORED

When checkpoints are ignored, the following shall

be observed:
a. In the event that checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored
and the motorists/suspects bumped the roadblock in an
attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspection, the TL shall
immediately contact adjacent units to inform them of the
situation so that these units can conduct dragnet
operation, while the members of the blocking/pursuing
team shall block or pursue the errant fleeing motorist;
b. Warning shots shall not be allowed due to the
confusion it may create to the driver and passengers of
the vehicle. Megaphones or police sirens shall be used
instead during the pursuit. The plate number of the
vehicle shall be noted and given to other units in
adjacent areas to prevent the possibility that the vehicle
may elude the pursuit operation; and
c. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open
fire on the personnel manning the checkpoint,
reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression
may be employed.
FLAGGING DOWN OR ACCOSTING VEHICLES WHILE IN
MOBILE CAR:
A general concept and will not apply in hot pursuit
operations. The mobile car crew shall undertake the following,
when applicable:
a. Call Headquarters to inform of the make or type and plate
number of the motor vehicle to be accosted including the
number and, if possible, identity of occupants; b. State the
reason(s) for the planned intervention of the suspected motor
vehicle;
c. Give mobile car’s location and its direction before making
actual intervention;
d. Try to get alongside the suspects’ vehicle and check the
occupants without alarming them of your purpose. You can
even overtake the vehicle and wait for it at an advantageous
location before stopping the suspects’ vehicle;
e. Determine whether the suspects are hostile or not; f. Make
known to the suspect that you are after them through the use
of a siren or megaphone;
g. Instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the
road;
h. Park behind the suspect’s vehicle at an appropriate distance
and cautiously approach the vehicle on the driver’s side;
i. If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the
occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to open all
windows to have a clear view of the interior of the vehicle; j.
Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition, if this was not done
when the vehicle stopped;
k. The other members of the team must be on guard for any
eventuality while the vehicle is being approached;
l. Talk to the driver in a most courteous manner and inform
him of the nature of his violation. Demand to see the driver’s
license, photocopies of the certificate of registration and the
official receipt. Examine these documents and counter-check
the driver on the information reflected therein; m. If it
concerns traffic violations, immediately issue a Traffic Citation
Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report (TVR). Never indulge in
prolonged, unnecessary conversation or argument with the
driver or any of the vehicle’s occupants;
n. In cases of other violations that require the impounding of
the vehicle, inform the driver regarding this situation and
instruct him to follow you, after issuing the TCT/TVR; and, .
o. Before moving out, inform Headquarters regarding the
situation/status and disposition of the person and motor
vehicle accosted.

DEALING WITH HOSTILE SITUATION:

The following are the procedures to be followed in

dealing with hostile driver
A. Stopping Vehicles

1. Follow the procedure stated in paragraphs a to c of

the above procedure;
2. Immediately request for back-up;
3. Follow the suspect and always keep him within visual
range;
4. Expect that the suspect will notice your action at any
time. Be prepared for a car chase or actual hostile
confrontation;
5. If the back-up is already in the vicinity, inform
Headquarters that you are proceeding to accost the
suspect;
6. Inform the suspects that you are after them through
the use of siren or megaphone and instruct the driver to
pull over or stop on the side of the street; 7. Park at an
appropriate distance behind the suspect’s vehicle;
8. While the vehicle is being approached, the other
members of the crew and back-up must be on guard for
any eventuality. Overreactions should be avoided;
9. If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the
occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to open all
windows for a clear view of the vehicle’s interior; 10.
Direct the driver and other occupants of the vehicle not
to make unnecessary movements and to show their
hands outside the car;
11. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss
the key to the ground. Demand to see the Driver’s
License and photocopies of the vehicle’s certificate of
registration and the official receipt. Examine the
documents and counter-check the driver on the
information reflected therein; and
12. If there are other suspects aside from the driver,
separate them from one another
B. Fleeing Vehicles

1. In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop

despite the warning given, inform Headquarters or
adjacent units so that roadblocks or hasty checkpoints
can be set-up;
2. Call Headquarters to inform of the make or type, plate
number and color of the motor vehicle to be accosted
including the number of occupants and, if possible, their
identity;
3. State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected
motor vehicle;
B. FLEEING VEHICLES

4. Give mobile car’s location and its direction before

making actual intervention;
5. When the vehicle of the suspect is cornered or
stopped, instruct the driver and other occupants in a
clear and commanding voice to follow specifically what
you will require of them. Failure on their part to follow
will be construed as a hostile act on their part. Execute
instructions on the use of reasonable force;
6. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the
key to the ground, open the door and step out of the
vehicle, followed by his hands to be placed on top of the
vehicle, or to move towards you with his hands up;
7. Instruct other occupants of the vehicle, if any, to come
out one by one, and follow what the driver has been
instructed to do earlier;
8. Arrest, handcuff and search the suspects and bring
them to Headquarters for proper disposition; and 9.
Before moving out, inform Headquarters about the
situation, status and disposition of the suspects and
motor vehicle accosted