BUSINESS ENGLISH

Beginner 2

LC3(1) - Air pollution gets

worse year after year.
Air pollution
gets worse year
after year.

2
Words In Their Context!
emissions fog smoke particles man-made suffer ruin pollutant

Chemicals or (1) .......... in the air can harm humans, animals, and plants. They (2) .......... buildings.
Pollutants come in many forms. They can be gases, solids, or liquids.

Pollution enters the atmosphere in many ways. Most air pollution is caused by humans, via factories, cars, or
planes. Secondhand cigarette smoke is also a (3) ........... These are called (4) .......... sources.

Some types of air pollution, such as (5) .......... from wildfires or ash from volcanoes, occur naturally. These are
called natural sources.

Large cities have the most air pollution due to many sources of (6) ........... Mountains and tall buildings can
sometimes keep pollution at bay. A cloud of polluted air often appears. What is smog? Smog is a combination
of smoke and (7) ...........

Large cities in developing countries are more polluted more than cities in developed countries. Pollution levels
in developing-country cities are higher than in developed-country cities. But many developed nations (8) ..........
from air pollution as well, and the world is getting hotter and hotter. Los Angeles is well-known as the Smog
City.

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New words (1)

1. particle /ˈpɑːr.t̬ə.kəl/ 2. ruin /ˈruː.ɪn/

n. an extremely small piece of v. to spoil or destroy
material, or a very small something completely
amount of something E.g. Air pollution can
E.g. Air pollution has chemical ruin buildings.
particles in the air that can
harm the health of humans,
animals, and plants.

3. pollutant /pəˈluː.t̬ənt/ 4. man-made /ˌmænˈmeɪd/

n. a substance that pollutes adj. produced or developed
E.g. Harmful pollutants such by humans rather than
as sulfur dioxide and carbon coming directly from nature
monoxide cause global E.g. The smoke from
warming. factories, cars, or planes are
man-made sources of air
pollution

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New words (2)
5. smoke /smoʊk/ 6. emission /iˈmɪʃ.ən/
n. the grey, black, or white n. the act of sending
mixture of gas and very out gas, heat, light, etc.
small pieces of carbon that or an amount of gas,
is produced when heat, light, etc. that is
something burns sent out
E.g. The fire produced a E.g. These health risks
large mass of smoke. are caused by vehicle
emissions.

7. fog /fɑːɡ/ 8. suffer /ˈsʌf.ɚ/

n. a weather condition in which v. to experience or show
very small drops of water come the effects of something
together to form a thick cloud bad
close to the land or sea, making E.g. When air pollution
it difficult to see is becoming worse and
E.g. The fog is expected to have worse, it's inevitable that
cleared away by midday. human health will start
to suffer.

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Word families

1. pollutant (noun) | Pollutants come in many forms, and they can be gases, solids, or
liquids.
→ pollution (noun) | The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the air.
→ pollute (verb) | We won't invest in any company that pollutes the environment.
→ polluted (adjective) | New particles are formed in the polluted air of major cities.

2. fog (noun) | The heavy fog made driving conditions dangerous.

→ fog (verb) | The airport is fogged over.
→ foggy (adjective) | It was a cold and foggy day.

3. emission (noun) | Many countries don't really want to reduce emissions because doing
that can hurt economic growth.
→ emit (verb) | The new factory emits a ton of gases into the air.
→ emitter (noun) | Cars are another major emitter in this city in addition to factories .

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English in Action - Comparative with get / become

★ When we want to describe how something or someone changes we can

use get/ become + two comparatives connected by the word "and"

→ The air pollution got worse and worse.

→ The smoke from the factories is becoming more and more harmful.

★ We use than when we want to compare one thing with another

→ The air pollution is getting worse than before.

→ Beijing is becoming more polluted than Singapore.

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Skill up | Listening

Part 1: You will hear four

statements about a picture.
When you hear the statements,
you must select the one
statement that best describes
what you see in the picture.
The statements will not be
shown on the screen and will
be spoken only one time. A B C D

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Skill up | Listening

Part 1: You will hear four

statements about a picture.
When you hear the statements,
you must select the one
statement that best describes
what you see in the picture.
The statements will not be
shown on the screen and will
be spoken only one time. A B C D

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Skill up | Listening

Part 2: You will hear a question

or a statement about a picture.
You will be given three
responses spoken in English.
Select the best response to the
question or statement. The
question or statement will not be A There is a new law to control air pollution.

shown on the screen and will be B The fresh air makes us healthy.
spoken only one time.
C It's due to emission from a nearby factory.
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Skill up | Listening

Part 2: You will hear a question

or a statement about a picture.
You will be given three
responses spoken in English.
Select the best response to the
question or statement. The
question or statement will not be A Sam is a woman with a mission.

shown on the screen and will be B Stop using our cars can help.
spoken only one time.
C You need to reduce the cost.
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Skill up | Listening 1. According to the woman, why is the air pollution
getting worse?
(A) Because people don't switch to green energy.
Part 3: You will hear a (B) Because the factories open 24/7.
conversation between two (C) Because factories are burning more and more
fossil fuels.
people. You will be asked to (D) Because the cars emit more harmful gases.
answer two questions. When
2. What does the man suggest doing?
you hear the conversation, you (A) Burning more fossil fuels
must select the best response (B) Switching to green energy
(C) Using public transportation
to each question. The (D) Stop using gases for cooking
conversation will not be
3. What does the woman suggest doing?
shown on the screen and will (A) Switching to public transportation
be spoken only one time. (B) Stop burning fossil fuels
(C) Using more green energy
(D) Turning off the light when not in use
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Skill up | Listening 1. What disease is caused by indoor air pollution?
(A) Heart cancer
(B) Brain cancer
Part 4: You will hear a talk given (C) Lung cancer
by a single speaker. You will be (D) Blood cancer

asked to answer two questions. 2. What do families in developing countries use for
When you hear the talk, you cooking?
(A) Open stoves
must select the best response to (B) Gas stoves
each question. The talk will not (C) Electric stoves
(D) Microwave ovens
be shown on the screen and will
be spoken only one time. 3. Which source of energy does China rely on?
(A) Wind
(B) Coal
(C) Solar
(D) Hydro
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 Part 5: A word or a phrase is missing in each of the sentences below.
Skill up | Reading Select the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. The smoke from the factories is ............. more and more harmful.
(A) becoming
(B) become
(C) becomes
(D) became

2. The toxic ............ from a nearby factory pollutes the air and harms the health
of local people.
(A) mist
(B) fog
(C) sound
(D) ash

3. The ............. air of major cities is responsible for many deaths in big cities
around the world.
(A) pollutes
(B) pollute
(C) polluting
(D) polluted 14
Skill up | Reading Part 6: Read the text below. A word, phrase, or sentence is missing in
parts of the text. Select the best answer to complete the text.

1.
(A) saves
(B) save
1. Using public transports - Using public
(C) saving
transportation (1) ............ gas and energy.
(D) Saved
2. Turn off the lights when not in use - Using less
2.
electricity means less air (2) ........... .
(A) pollutant
(B) pollute
3. Recycle and Reuse - Recycling and reuse help in reducing smog
(C) polluted
from the factories.
(D) Pollution
4. Reduction of forest fires and smoking - Forest fires in the dry
3.
season are a huge factor for causing air pollution.
(A) gain
(B) lose
5. Use of fans instead of air conditioners - Air conditioners use a lot of
(C) emit
energy and (3) ............ a lot of heat, which is bad for the environment.
(D) receive 15
 Part 7: You will read a text message chain. You will be asked
Skill up | Reading
two questions. Select the best answer for each question.

What You Need To Know About Air Pollution 1. Which of the following is like a blanket of
air that protects the Earth?
When the air is dirty it has become polluted. Air pollution is caused (A) Pollution
by gases, dust, odors, particles, smoke, fumes, and other (B) Pollutants
substances. These substances can be harmful to humans, animals, (C) Atmosphere
plants, and all living organisms. In addition, they damage the (D) Smog
Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere of the Earth is like a blanket of
air which protects all life. Basically, the atmosphere helps keep the 2. Which of the following describes pollution
living things on Earth from burning up or freezing. from volcanoes, forest fires, and pollen?
(A) Man-made pollution
Air pollution can be caused by humans or it can also occur (B) Natural pollution
naturally. For example, natural pollution may come from volcanoes, (C) Primary pollution
forest fires, wind storms, pollen in the air, and other sources in (D) Secondary pollution
nature.
3. Which of the following may be a long-
Man-made air pollution is basically dirty air caused by chemical term effect of air pollution?
pollutants from human activities. There are primary and secondary (A) Allergies
pollutants and both can cause short-term or long-term problems for (B) Headaches
living things. Long-term effects can include lung cancer or heart (C) Lung cancer
disease. (D) Eye irritation 16
Skill up | Speaking Complete the email by filling in the blanks with suitable words/ phrases.

Question type - Express an opinion

Directions: In this part of TOEIC test, you will give your opinion about a topic. You will have 15 seconds to
prepare your responses. You will have 60 seconds to speak. Say as much as you can in the time you have.

Question:
➢ Many people say that air pollution is becoming
Directions: Readworse and worse. What are the causes? How can we reduce
the email
air pollution?
➢ What is your opinion on this? Use specific examples to support your point of view.

Structuring your response

✪ State opinion:
✪ Introduce supporting information
▪ The causes of air pollution → Man-made & natural causes
▪ How to reduce air pollution → Using public transports,
turn off the lights when not in use, & use of fans instead of
air conditioners.
✪ Restate opinion
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Reflect

In this lesson, I have

☐ learnt vocabulary to talk about air pollution

☐ learnt how to use comparative with get/become to express changes

☐ practised some parts in a TOEIC test.

I think I need more practice on ....

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 GOODBYE!

Please remember to do

Speaking Practice 3A.