Quadratic Equations

Quadratic Equations 3.1

Questions from Previous Years’ AIEEE/Jee Main Clearly a π 1/3. Therefore, a = – 3/(3a – 1)
Examination Papers Putting this value in (1) we get
2 2
1. a, b are root of x = 5x – 3 or x – 5x + 3 = 0 (a2 – 5a + 3)(9) – (3a –1)2(3) + 2(3a – 1)2 = 0
fi  9a2 – 45a + 27 – (9a2 – 6a + 1) = 0
fi a + b = 5, ab = 3.

fi  –39a + 26 = 0
2 2 2
Now, a + b = a + b = (a + b ) - 2ab fi a = 2/3.
b a ab ab
For a = 2/3, the equation becomes x2 + 9x + 18 =
25 - 6 19 0, whose roots are –3, –6.
      = =
3 3 6. Let a, b be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
Êaˆ b
and Á ˜ Ê ˆ = 1 We are given
Ë b¯ Ëa¯
1 1
Thus, equation whose roots are a/b and b/a is a + b= 2
+ 2
a b
x2 – (19/3)x + 1 = 0 a 2 + b 2 (a + b ) 2 - 2ab
2 = =
or   3x – 19x + 3 = 0 (ab ) 2 (ab ) 2
2. |a – b| = |a1– b1| -b ( - b / a ) 2 - 2( c / a )
fi 
=
fi (a – b)2 = (a1 - b1)2
a (c / a ) 2
fi (a + b)2 - 4ab = (a1 + b1)2 - 4a1b1 b c 2 b 2 2c
fi    - ◊ 2 = 2 -

a a a a
fi a2 - 4b = b2 – 4a
fi
2a2c = ab2 + bc2
fi (a – b)(a + b + 4) = 0 fi a + b + 4 = 0

[{ a π b] Divide by abc to obtain
a c b
1 3 1 2 2 = +
3. Let f(x) = ax + bx + cx. b a c
3 2
As f is a polynomial f is continuous on [0, 1] and c a b
fi
, , are in A.P.
f is differentiable on (0, 1). Also a b c
1 a b c
f(0) = 0 and f(1) =
(2a + 3b + 6c) = 0 fi
, , are in H.P.
6 c a b
By the Rolle’s theorem there exist some a Œ (0, 1) 7. x2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0
such that f ¢(a) = 0.
fi
|x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0
2
Thus, ax + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in fi
(|x| – 1) (|x| – 2) = 0
[0, 1].
fi
|x| = 1, 2
4. For each x ΠR, t ΠR fi
x = ± 1, ± 2
2 2
t x + |x| + 9 ≥ 9 > 0
8. Let two numbers be a and b. We are given
2 2
Thus, t x + |x| + 9 = 0 does not have real roots. a+b
= 9, ab = 4
2
5. Let a and 2a be the roots of the given equation,
then fi a + b = 18 and ab = 16

\ Required equation is
(a2 – 5a + 3)a2 + (3a – 1)a + 2 = 0 (1)
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0
(a2 – 5a + 3)(4a2) + (3a – 1)(2a) + 2 = 0 (2) or  x2 – 18x + 16 = 0
Multiplying (1) by 4 and subtracting it form (2) we 9. Let other root be a. Then
get
a + (1 – p) = – p and a (1– p) = 1 – p
(3a – 1) (2a) + 6 = 0 fi 
a = –1 and – (1– p) = 1– p

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 3.2 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main
fi 
a = 1 and 1 – p = 0 Thus, for roots to be real we must have 5 – k ≥ 0
Thus, equation is x + x = 0 2 or k £ 5.
fi x = 0, –1
Also, for k £ 5,
2
10. Let a be the other root of x + px + 12 = 0 x = k ± 5-k
\ (a)(4) = 12 and a + 4 = p
For both the roots to be less than 5, we must have
that larger of the two roots is less than 5. Therefore.
fi a = 3 and 3 + 4 = p

fi k + 5-k <
fi5 5-k < 5-k (1)
Thus, p = 7,
This does not hold for k = 5. For k < 5, we can
As x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, we must have write (1) as
p2 – 4q = 0

1< 5 - k or 5–k>1 or k<4
1 49
fi q = p2 = \ k Œ (– •, 4).

4 4
11. See solution to Question No. 3 16. Let f (x) = an xn + an – 1xn –1 + ... + a1x. Then, f(0)
12. We have = 0 and f(a) = 0.

Pˆ Ê Q ˆ -b and tan ÊÁ P ˆ˜ tan ÊÁ Q ˆ˜ = c By the Rolle’s theorem $ b Œ(0, a) such that f ¢(b)
tan ÊÁ ˜ + tan Á ˜ = Ë 2¯ Ë 2¯ a = 0.
Ë 2¯ Ë 2¯ a
Also P + Q = p – R = p/2 Thus, nan xn – 1 + (n – 1)an –1xn – 2 + ... + a1 = 0
has a positive root b which is smaller than a.
P Q p
fi
+ = 1
2 2 4 17. Let a = tan 30°, b = tan 15°, then a =
P Q p 3
fi tan Ê + ˆ = tan Ê ˆ and b = 2 - 3
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 4¯
1
\ -p =
+ (2 - 3 )
tan( P / 2) + tan(Q / 2) 3
fi =1
1 - tan( P / 2) tan(Q / 2) 1 2
and q= (2 - 3 ) = -1
-bla -b 3 3
fi =1fi =1
1 - cla a-c
3
fi –b = a – c
or c=a+b Thus, q- p= + 2 - 3 -1 = 1
3
13. Let a, b be roots of x2 – (a – 2)x – a – 1 = 0 \ 2+q–p=3
Then a + b = a – 2, ab = – (a + 1) 18. x2 – 2mx + m2 – 1 = 0
Now, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab fi (x – m)2 = 1
fix=m±1
2
= (a – 2) + 2(a + 1) As both the roots lie between –2 and 4, we get
2
= a – 4a + 4 + 2a + 2 –2 < m ± 1 < 4
2
= a – 2a + 1 + 3 fi –1 < m < 3.

= (a – 1)2 + 3
3x 2 + 9 x + 17
2 2
Thus, a + b is least when a = 1 19. Let y =
3x 2 + 9 x + 7
14. We know that if a and b are roots of x2 – bx + c fi 3(y – 1)x2 + 9(y – 1)x + 7y – 17 = 0
= 0, then (a – b)2 = discriminant = b2 – 4c.
As x is real
In the present case b = a + 1.   81(y – 1)2 – 12(y – 1) (7y – 17) ≥ 0
\     1 = b2 – 4c
fi 3(y – 1) [27(y – 1) – 4(7y – 17)] ≥ 0
fi 3(y – 1) (41 – y) ≥ 0
15. We can write the given equation as
fi (y – 1)(y – 41 ) £ 0
(x – k)2 = 5 – k.
fi 1 £ y £ 41

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 Quadratic Equations 3.3
2
20. a + b = – a, ab = 1 must be of the form p(x) = k(x + 1) where k =
|a – b| < a – a 1.
5
fi |a – b|2 < 5 As p(–2) = 2, we get
2 = k(– 2 + 1)2 fi k = 2.
fi (a + b)2 - 4ab < 5
2
Thus,  p(x) = 2(x + 1)
fi a2 – 4 < 5

\ 
p(2) = 2(2 + 1)2 = 18
fi a2 < 9

fi –3 < a < 3
25. We can write the given equation as
fi a Π(- 3, 3)
y – 1/y – 4 = 0
where y = esinx
21. Let roots of x2 – 6x + a = 0 be a, 4m and that of fi y2 – 4y – 1 = 0

x2 – cx + 6 = 0 be a, 3m where m is an integer
We have, 4 ± 16 + 4
fi y=
=2± 5
2
a + 4m = 6, a (4m) = a

As y > 0, y = 2 + 5
and a + 3m = c, a (3m) = 6
fi am = 2 fi
a=8 fi sin x = ln( 2 + 5 ) > ln(4) > 1

8 This is not possible.
Also, a + =6 fi a2 – 6a + 8 = 0
a Thus, equation has no real roots.
fi (a – 2) (a – 4) = 0
fi a = 2, 4. 26. x2 + 2x + 3 = 0
As m is an integer, a π 4 ({ am = 2) fi (x + 1)2 = 2i2

\ a=2

fi x = -1 ± 2i

22. As roots of bx2 + cx + a = 0 are imaginary, c2 –
4ab < 0. Now, As a, b, c ΠR, if
-1 ± 2i (or -1 - 2i ) is a root of ax2 + bx + c
3b2x2 + 6bcx + 2c2 = 0, the other root must be -1 - 2i (or -1 ± 2i )
2
= 3 ÈÍb 2 x 2 + 2bcx + c 2 ˘˙
Thus, x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0 have
Î 3 ˚ both roots in common, therefore
1
= 3 ÈÍ(bx + c)2 - c 2 ˘˙
a b c
Î 3 ˚ = =
1 2 3
= 3 (bx + c)2 – c2 ≥ - c2 > – 4ab fi a:b:c=1:2:3

\ 3b2x2 + 6bcx + 2c2 > Р4ab " x ΠR.

2
27. ( 10 ) = |a – b|2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab
23. x2 – x + 1 = 0 fi 10 = p2 – 3p
fi p2 – 3p – 10 = 0
1 3 fi (p – 5) (p + 2) = 0 ◊ p = – 2, 5

fi x = – w, – w2 where w = - +
i
2 2 Thus, p lies in the set {–2, 5}
Let a = -w and b = – w2 a 2 b 2 a3 + b 3 - p
28. + = =
We have a2009 + b2009 b a ab q

= (– w)2009 + (– w2)2009 Ê a2 ˆ Ê b2 ˆ
and Á ˜ Á ˜ = ab = q
Ë b ¯Ë a ¯
= (– 1) [w2007 w2 + (w2)2007 w4]
Thus, required equation is
= (– 1) (w2 + w) = (– 1) (– 1) = 1
Ê pˆ
x2 - Á - ˜ x + q = 0

24. As a π a1, p(x) = f(x) – g(x) is a quadratic poly- Ë q¯
nomial. As p(x) = 0 only for x = –1, we get p(x) or     qx2 + px + q2 = 0

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 3.4 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main
29. As the roots are real and distinct 32. As roots of 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 are non-real complex
numbers, the given quadratic equations have both
(a + 1)2 – 4(a2 + a – 8) > 0 roots in common. [See Solution Question No. 26.]
3a2 + 2a – 33 < 0 a b c
Thus, = = fia:b:c=2:3:4
2 3 4
11
fi (3a + 11)(a – 3) < 0 fi -
<a<3 (1)
3 33. Case 1: When x < 3/2
In this case the equation becomes
x2 – (2x – 3) – 4 = 0

fi x2 – 2x + 1 = 2

fi (x – 1)2 = 2
fi x–1=± 2

fi x=1±
2
Also, for
As x < 3/2, we take x = 1 – 2
22 – 2(a + 1) + a2 + a – 8 < 0
Case 2: When x ≥ 3/2
fi a2 – a – 6 < 0 fi (a – 3) (a + 2) < 0

In this case the equation becomes
fi –2<a<3
(2)
x2 + (2x – 3) – 4 = 0

From (1) and (2), we get – 2 < a < 3
x-5 x-5 fi (x + 1)2 = 8 fi x + 1 ± 2 2

30. 0 < 2 = = E(say)
x + 5 x - 14 ( x + 7)( x - 2) As x ≥ 3/2, x = –1 + 2 2
Sign of E in different intervals are shown below
( ) (
sum of roots = 1 - 2 + -1 + 2 2 = 2 )
34. a + b = 4 2 k, ab = 2e4lnk – 1 = 2k4 –1
Now,
x-5
Thus, >0 66 = a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab = 32k2 – 2(2k4 – 1)
( x + 7)( x - 2)
fi –7 < x < 2 or x > 5.
fi 33 = 16k2 – 2k4 + 1

fi 2k4 – 16k2 + 32 = 0
Therefore the least integral value a of x is – 6.
This value of a satisfies the relation a2 + 5a – 6 fi k4 – 8k2 + 16 = 0
= 0.
fi (k2 – 4)2 = 0 fi k = 2 [{ k > 0]
a + b -q / p -q We have
=
31. 4 = =
ab r/ p r
a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b)
fi q + 4r = 0

= (a + b) [(a + b)2 - 3ab]
Also, 2q = p + r [{ p, q, r are in A.P.]
Thus,  p = – 9r, q = – 4r ( )
= 4 2 ( 2) ÈÎ66 - 2(24 ) - 1 ˘˚ { }
|a - b|2 = (a + b)2 - 4ab = 280 2

Ê -q ˆ
2
4r 35. Note that we must have 3x2 + x + 5 ≥ 0 and x – 3
=Á ˜ - ≥ 0 or x ≥ 3. Squaring both sides of (1), we get
Ë p¯ p
3x2 + x + 5 = x2 – 6x + 9
16 1 52
= - 4Ê - ˆ = fi 
2x2 + 7x – 4 = 0
81 Ë 9 ¯ 81
2 fi 
(2x – 1)(x + 4) = 0
fi  | a - b | = 13
9 fi 
x = 1/2, – 4

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 Quadratic Equations 3.5
2
None of these satisfy the inequality x ≥ 3. Thus, For x = 3, x + 4x – 60 = – 39 is odd.
(1) has no solution. Thus, sum of desired values is –10 + 6 + 1 + 4 +
36. a + b = 6, ab = - 2. 2 = 3.
40. Let a be common roots of
a10 – 2a8 = a10 + b10 + ab (a8 + b8)
9 9 x2 + bx – 1 = 0 and x2 + x + b = 0.

= (a + b) (a + b ) = 6a9
Then a2 + ba – 1 = 0 and a2 + a + b = 0
a - 2a8 fi (a2 + ba –1) – (a2 + a + b) = 0

fi 10
=3
2a9 fi (b – 1)a – (b + 1) = 0

37. As the coefficients of b +1
fia=
if b π 1
3 2
2x – 9x – kx – 13 = 0 b -1
As a π –1, b π 0
are all real, non-real complex roots occur in con-
2
jugate pair, so let the roots of (1) be 2 + 3i, 2 – 3i Ê b + 1ˆ Ê b + 1ˆ
Also, Á ˜ + bÁ –1=0
and a, where a Œ R. Now, Ë b - 1¯ Ë b - 1˜¯
(2 + 3i) + (2 – 3i) + a = 9/2 fi a = 1/2 fi (b + 1)2 + b(b + 1)(b – 1) – (b – 1)2 = 0

\ real root of the equation is 1/2.
fi 4b + b(b + 1)(b – 1) = 0

[Verification: (2 + 3i) (2 – 3i)a = 13/2 fi a = As b π 0, 4 + b2 – 1 = 0 fi b2 = 3
1/2] fi |b| =
3
38. Write 41. We are given
x4 + x2 + 1 = x4 + 2x2 + 1 – x2 2 x + 1 - 2 x - 1 = 1
(1)
2 2 2
= (x + 1) – x Also, (2x + 1) – (2x – 1) = 2 (2)
2 2
= (x + x + 1) (x – x + 1) Dividing (2) by (1),
The given equation, now can be written as 2 x + 1 + 2 x - 1 = 2
(3)
(x2 + x + 1) [(a – 1)(x2 – x + 1) + (a + 1) (x2 + x From (1) and (3), we get
+ 1)] = 0
3 1
2x + 1 =
, 2x - 1 =
fi (x2 + x + 1) [2ax2 + 2x + 2a] = 0
2 2
As x is real, we get 3
\ 4 x2 - 1 =

4
ax2 + x + a = 0.

42. x + y + z = 12, x3y4z5 = (0.1)(600)3
This equation will have real and distinct roots if We have
2
a π 0 and 1 – 4a > 0 fi a π 0, a < 1/4
2 x3y4z5 = (0.1)(600)(600)2

fi a Œ ( – 1/2, 0) » (0, 1/2)
= (60)(600)2
39. If x2 – 5x + 5 π 1, then x2 + 4x – 60 = 0 = 3 32 85 5
\ we may take

fi (x + 10)(x – 6) = 0 fi x = –10, 6
x = 3, y = 4, z = 5

When x = –10 and 6, x2 – 5x + 5 π 1
2 Thus, x3 + y3 + z3 =
 33 + 43 + 53
If x2 – 5x + 5 = 1, ( x 2 - 5 x + 5) x + 4 x - 60
=1 = 27 + 64 + 125 = 216
In this case, x2 – 5x + 4 = 0 43. Equation
fi (x – 1) (x – 4) = 0 fi x = 1, 4
x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) + …
If x2 – 5x + 5 = –1, then x2 + 4x – 60 must be  + (x + n – 1)(x + n) = 10n
even integer. Can be written as
n-1
But x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 fi x = 2, 3
For x = 2, x2 + 4x – 60 = – 48 is even.
nx2 + (1 + 3 + … + 2n – 1)x +
 k (k + 1) = 10n
k =1

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 3.6 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main

1 1 |(a – b2|l = 4 = |4 – 24| = 20

fi nx 2 + n2 x + ( n - 1)n ( 2n - 1) + n( n - 1)
6 2 |a - b | = 2 5

= 10n
48. (x + p)(x + q) = r[x + q + x + p]
1
fi x 2 + nx + ( n2 - 31) = 0 (i) fi x2 + (p + q – 2r)x + pq – r(p + q) = 0 (1)
3
If a, b are roots of (i), then As roots are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign,
|a – b| = 1 1
p + q – 2r = 0 fi r = ( p + q)
fi (a + b)2 – 4ab = 1 2
4 Let roots of (1) be a, –a. Then
fi n2 - ( n2 - 31) = 1 a2 + (–a)2 = 2a2 = –2a(–a)
3
2
fi –n + 121 = 0 = –2[pq – r(p + q)]
fi n = 11 = (p + q)2 – 2pq
44. Let p(x) = (x – 1)(ax + b) + 4 = p2 + q2
p(0) = (–1)(0 + b) 4 = 1 49. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
fi –b + 4 = 1 fi b = 3 As f(–1) = 0, a – b + c = 0 (1)
Also, 6 = p(–1) = (–1 – 1)( –a + b) + 4 Also, f(1) + f(2) = 0
fi 1=a–b fi a=4 fi a + b + c + 4a + 2b + c = 0

\ p(x) = (x – 1)(4x + 3) + 4
fi 5a + 3b + 2c = 0
(2)
fi p(2) = (2 – 1)(11) + 4 = 15
p(–2) = (–2 – 1)( –8 + 3) + 4 = 19 From (1), (2) we get
2 8a + 5c = 0
45. 2( x - 1)( x + 5 x - 50 ) = 1 (i)
Let other root of f(x) = 0 be a
fi (x – 1)(x2 + 5x – 50) = 0
c 8
fi (x – 1)(x + 10)(x – 5) = 0 Then a( -1) = - =
a 5
\ x = 1, 5, –10
\ sum of the real values satisfying (i) is 1 + 5 – 10 50. x2 + 2x + 2 = 0 fi (x + 1)2 = i2
= –4. Ê 3p 3p ˆ
46. x2 – x + 1 = 0 fi x = –w, –w2, fi x = –1 ± i = 2 Á cos
± i sin ˜
Ë 4 4¯
where w π 1 is a cube root of unity.
15/ 2 È Ê 45p ˆ Ê 5p ˆ ˘
\ a101 + b101 = (–w)101 + (–w2)101
\ a15 + b15 = 2
Ícos ÁË 4 ˜¯ + i sin ÁË 4 ˜¯ ˙
Î ˚
= –(w2 + w) = 1
È Ê 45p ˆ Ê 45p ˆ ˘
47. If a, b are the roots of the equations x2 + (2 – l)x + 215/ 2 Ícos Á ˜¯ - sin ÁË ˜
Î Ë 4 4 ¯ ˙˚
+ (10 – l) = 0, so that
a + b = l – 2 and ab = 10 – l = 2( 215/ 2 ) cos (16p - 3p / 4)
S = a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b) Ê 1 ˆ
= 2( 215/ 2 ) Á - 8
˜ = - 2 = - 256
= (l – 2)3 – 3(10 – l)(l – 2) Ë 2¯
dS m
= 3(l – 2)2 + 3(l – 2) – 3(10 – l) 51. We must have m2 – 16 > 0, 1 < <5
dl 2
= 3(l2 – 2l – 8) and 1 – m + 4 ≥ 0, 25 – 5m + 4 ≥ 0
dS 2 ± 4 + 32 2 ± 6
=0 fi = = 4, - 2 fi (m < –4 or m > 4) and (2 < m < 10)

dl
2 2
and [m £ 5) and (m £ 29/5]
d 2S d 2S
= 3( 2l - 2), = 3(6) = 18 > 0 \ 4<m£5
fi m Π(4, 5]
dl 2 dl 2 l = 4
52. Discriminant must be a perfect square of a rational
So, S is minimum when l = 4 number, that is, 112 – 4(6)a must be perfect square
(a – b)2 = |(a + b)2 – 4ab| = |(l – 2)2 – 4(10 – l)| of an integer.

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 Quadratic Equations 3.7

121 58*. As p, q ΠQ, the other root must be 2 + 3 .

We have 0 < a £
24
\ - p = (2 - 3) + (2 + 3) = 4

fi a = 3, 4, 5
53. 4c2 – 4(c – 5)(c – 4) > 0 and q = ( 2 - 3 )( 2 + 3 ) = 1
fi c2 – (c2 – 9c + 20) > 0 \ p2 – 4q – 12 = 0

fi 9c > 20 fi c > 20/9 (i) 59. Let a, b be the roots of
Also, f(0)f(2) < 0 and f(2)f(3) < 0 (m2 + 1)x2 – 3x + (m2 + 1)2 = 0
fi (c – 4)(c – 24) < 0 and (c – 24)(4c – 49) < 0 3
fi 4 < c < 24 and 49/4 < c < 24 Then a +b= 2
m +1
fi 49/4 < c < 24 (2) Now, a + b is greatest if m2 + 1 is least. This is pos-
If (2) is satisfied, (1) is automatically satisfied. sible for m = 0
\ S = {13, 14, 15, …, 23} \ a + b = 3, ab = 1
and the number of elements in S is 11.
Now, |a3 – b3| = |a – b|(a2 + ab + b2)
54. a + b = –(3 – l) and ab = 2 – l
Now, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab = (a + b ) 2 - 4ab [(a + b )2 - ab ]
= 9 – 6l + l2 – 2(2 – l) = ( 9 - 4 )(9 - 1) = 8 5

= l2 – 4l + 5 = (l – 2)2 + 1
60. a + b = –sin q,  ab = –2 sin q
a2 + b2 is least when l = 2
55. Let roots be a and a3. Then a + a3 = –k/81 and a ◊ a3 a 12 + b 12 (ab )12
Now, =
= 256.81 (a -12 + b -12 )(a - b ) 24 [(a + b ) 2 - 4ab ]12
4
Ê 4ˆ 4 212 sin12 q 212
Now, a2 = Á ˜ fi a =± = =
Ë 3¯ 3 [siin 2 q - 8 sin q ]12 (sin q - 8)12
k 4 Ê 16 ˆ 100 61. As LHS > 0 we get RHS > 0
\ -
= a (1 + a 2 ) = ± Á1 + ˜ = ±
81 3 Ë 9 ¯ 27 fi 2x – 2 > 0 fi x > 1
fi k = ±300
\ We can rewrite the equation as
56. Let roots be a and b
5 + 2x – 1 = (2x)2 – 2(2x)
1 a b
1= l + = + fi (2x)2 – 3(2x) – 4 = 0
l b a
fi (2x – 4)(2x + 1) = 0 fi 2x – 4 = 0
fi ab = a2 + b2
fi x=2
fi 3ab = (a + b)2
\ the equation has exactly one solution.
2 2
Ê 2 ˆ m ( m - 4) 62. Let b = ar, g = ar2 where r is the common ratio of the
fi 3Á 2 ˜ =

Ë 3m ¯ 9m4 G.P. The first equation becomes
2
fi (m – 4) = 18
a(x2 + 2rx + r2) = 0
or a(x + r)2 = 0 fi x = –r, –r
fi m = 4 ± 18 = 4 ± 2 3

–r must be a root of
\ least value of m is 4 - 2 3
x2 + x – 1 = 0 fi r2 – r – 1 = 0
57. We must have Now, a(b + g) = a2(r + r2) = a2(2r + 1)
1 + 2m > 0 and Also, r3 = r2 + r = 2r + 1
(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + 2m)(1 + m) < 0 \ a(b + g) = a2r3 = (ar)(ar2) = bg
fi m > –1/2 and m2 – 6m – 3 < 0 63. x2 – 2x + 2 = 0 fi (x – 1)2 = i2
fi m > –1/2
and 3- 2 3 < m<3+ 2 3 fi x=1±i
Let a = 1 + i, b = 1 – i
As -1/ 2 < 3 - 2 3 , we get
3- 2 3 < m<3+ 2 3
Thus, required integral values m are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. *Solved by replacing R by Q in the question.

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 3.8 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main

a 1 + i -i 2 + i x
Now = = =i fi -
= a,b
b 1- i 1- i x -1
n a b
Êaˆ fi x= ,
fi 1 = Á ˜ = in
a +1 b +1
Ë b¯
\ least value of n is 4. 6. x4– ax2 + b = (x2 – 3x + 2) p (x)
64. The equation will have no real roots if = (x – 1)(x – 2) p(x)
4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m2)(1 + 8m) < 0 where p(x) is a polynomial of degree 2.
fi (8m3 + m2 + 8m + 1) – (1 + 6m + 9m2) > 0 \1–a+b=0
and 16 – 4a + b = 0
fi 8m3 – 8m2 + 2m > 0
fi 2m(4m2 – 4m + 1) > 0 fi a = 5, b = 4

fi 2m(2m – 1)2 > 0 Thus, equation whose roots are a and b is
This is true for all positive integers.
  x2 – 9x + 20 = 0
Questions from Previous Years’ B-Architecture bˆ
Ê
Entrance Examination Papers 7. f ¢(x) = 2ax + b = a Ë x + ¯
2a
1. tan 30º + tan 15º = – 2p As a > 0,
tan 30º tan 15º = q f ¢(x) < 0 for x < – b/2a

and    f ¢(x) > 0 for x > – b/2a
tan 30∞ + tan 15∞
1 = tan 45º =
1 - tan 30∞ tan 15∞ Thus, f is strictly decreasing in the interval (– •,
-2 p - b/2a) and strictly increasing in the interval
fi
1= fi 1 – q = – 2p
1- q (– b/2a, •).
-b 4ac - b 2
fi
q = 1 + 2p. Also, Min f(x) = f Ê ˆ = >0
Ë 2a ¯ 4a
2. Let roots of the equation be 1– k and 1 + k, where
if b2 < 4ac
k > 0.
As Min f(x) > 0, f(x) > 0 " x ΠR
2a
Then 2 = ( 1 – k) + (1 + k) =
a+2 \ Both the statements are true and statement- 2 is
a a correct explanation for statement-1.
fi   1 =
a+2 8. As the roots are of opposite signs, the product of
This is not possible for any value of a. roots must be negative, that is,
3. |x|2 – 4|x| – 2 = 0 a 2 - 3a + 2
< 0 fi (a - 1)(a - 2) < 0
fi (|x| – 2)2 = 6
fi |x| – 2 = ± 6 3
fi a Π(1, 2)
fi |x| = 2 ± 6

9. The given equation can be written as
As | x | > 0, | x | = 2 + 6 r(2x + p + q) = (x + p) (x + q)

fi x = ± (2 +
6) or x2 + (p + q – 2r) + pq – r(p + q) = 0
\ there are two values of x.
Let roots of this equation be a , -a.
4. See Solution to Question 1 in Question from Then
Previous Years’ AIEEE/JEE Papers.
0 = a + (-a) = - (p + q – 2r) fi 2r = p + q
5. ax2 – bx(x – 1) + c(x – 1)2 = 0 and  a(–a) = pq – r(p + q)
x ˆ2 Ê x ˆ 1 1 2
fi a ÊÁ -
+ bÁ - +c=0
2 2
= pq - ( p + q) = - ( p + q )
Ë x - 1˜¯ Ë x - 1˜¯ 2 2

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 Quadratic Equations 3.9
10. Write the equation as \ l1 + l2 = 8, l1l2 = 1
2 Now,
(x – 3k) = 2(k – 1)
fi       x = 3k ± 2 k - 1
l1 l2 È 1˘
+ = l13 + l23  Í{ l2 = l ˙
l22 l12 Î 1˚
Both the roots will be greater than 3 if smaller root
is greater than 3, that is, if = (l1 + l2)3 – 3l1l2(l1 + l2)
= 83 – 3(8) = 488
3k - 2 k - 1 > 3
13. Let a, b be the roots of the equation, then
fi 3(k - 1) > 2 k - 1
a + b = 5k, ab = 2e2ln|k| – 1
fi k > 1 and 9(k – 1) > 2 fi
k > 11/9 As ab = 49, 2e2ln|k| – 1 = 49
2
fi 11 – 9k < 0.
fi e ln( k ) = 25 fi k2 = 25 fi k = ±5
11. (1 + 3m)2 – (1 + m2)(1 + 8m) < 0 Now,
fi 1 + 6m + 9m2 – (1 + m2 + 8m + 8m3) < 0 a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
= (±25)2 – 2(49) = 527
fi –2m + 8m2 – 8m3 < 0
14. 4aa2 + 2ba + c = 0 (1)
fi 2m(4m2 – 4m + 1) > 0 2
ab – 2bb – c = 0 (2)
fi m(2m – 1)2 > 0
Let f(x) = ax2 + 4bx + 2c
which is true for each m ΠN.
f(a) = aa2 + 4ba + 2c = –3aa2 < 0 [use (1)]
12. a + b = 1 – 1/l, ab = 5/l
2 2
Now, and f(b) = ab + 4bb + 2c = 3ab > 0 [use (2)]
4 a b a2 + b2 \ f(x) = 0 has a root g such that b < g < a.

- = + =
5 b a ab 15. Let a, b be roots of x2 – p1x + 2 = 0, b, g be roots of
4 x2 – p2x + 3 = 0 and g, a be roots of x2 – p3x + 6 = 0
fi - ab = (a + b )2 - 2ab

5 fi ab = 2, bg = 3, ga = 6

2
Ê 4ˆ Ê 5 ˆ Ê 1 ˆ 10 A possible value of a, b, g are a = 2, b = 1, g = 3.
fi Á - ˜ Á ˜ = Á1 - ˜ -

Ë 5¯ Ë l ¯ Ë l¯ l \ p1 = a + b = 3, p2 = b + g = 4, p3 = g + a = 5

4 2 1 10 16. |x2 – 22| = a2 – 2a fi a2 – 2a ≥ 0
fi -
=1- + 2 -
l l l l fi a(a – 2) ≥ 0
fi a£0 or a≥2
1 8 \ a Œ (–•, 0] » [2, •)

fi
- + 1 = 0 or l 2 - 8l + 1 = 0
l 2
l

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