NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY

M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I

PAPER–I
(Advanced Abstract Algebra)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Prove that a polynomial of degree n over a field can have at most n roots in any
extension field.
(b) State and prove Remainder theorem.
2. (a) Prove that if F is a field and K is an extension of F then an element a  K is algebraic
over F if and only if F(a) is a finite extension of F.
(b) Prove that every finite extension of a field F is algebraic.
3. (a) Find necessary and sufficient condition on a, b so that the splitting field of irreducible
polynomial x 3  ax  b has degree 3 over Q.
(b) Show that the splitting field of x 4  1  0 is Q  2 , i  whose degree over Q is 4.
4. If  be an isomorphism of a field F1 onto a field F 2 such that      for every   F1
then prove that there is an isomorphism  of F1  x  on to F 2  t  with the property
        for each   F1 .
5. If F is a field of characteristics 0 and a, b are algebraic over F then prove that there exists an
element c  F a , b  such that F a , b   F  c  i.e. F a , b  is a simple extension.

6. (a) If K be the splitting field of x n  a  F  x  . Then show that G K , F  is a solvable

group.
(b) Show that the Galois group of x 4  x 2  1 is the same as that of x 6  1 .
7. Let F be a field of characteristics O. Then prove that a polynomial f x   F x  is solvable by
radicals over F if and only if its splitting field K over F has solvable Galois group G K , F  .
8. (a) Prove that the group G Q  , Q  where  5  1 and   1 , is isomorphic to cyclic group
of order 4.
(b) Show that every element in a finite field can be written as the sum of two squares.
9. (a) Prove that every finitely generated module is homomorphic image of a finitely generated
free module.
(b) Prove that every homomorphic image of a Noetherian (artinian) module is Noetherian
(artinian).
10. (a) State and prove Schur's theorem.
(b) Prove that the necessary and sufficient condition for a module M to be a direct sum of its
two sub modules M 1 and M 2 are that (i) M  M 1  M 2 , (ii) M 1  M 2   0  .

***
EXAMINATION PROGRAMME-2020
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
Date Papers Time Examination Centre
05.04.2021 Paper–I 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
07.04.2021 Paper–II 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
09.04.2021 Paper–III 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
12.04.2021 Paper–IV 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
15.04.2021 Paper–V 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
17.04.2021 Paper–VI 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
22.04.2021 Paper–VII 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
26.04.2021 Paper–VIII 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM A. N. College, Boring Road, Patna-800013
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–II
(Real Analysis)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. State and prove Implicit function theorem.

2. (a) Define a function of bounded variation clearly and prove that a bounded monotonic
function is a function of bounded variation.
(b) If f  BV [a , b ] and c  a , b  then prove that f  BV a , c  and f  BV c , b  and
conversely moreover V f , a , b   V f , a , c   V f , c , b  .
3. Let f be bounded and g a non-decreasing function on [a, b]. Then prove that f  RS g  if and
only if for every   0 there exists a partition P of [a, b] such that
U P , f , g   L P , f , g   
4. Let f 1 , f 2  RS g  on [a, b] then prove that f 1  f 2  RS g  on [a, b] and
b b b
af 1  f 2 dg  af 1 dg  af 2 dg .

x2y2
5. If f is defined by f x , y   2 2
, x 2  y 2  0, 0 
x y
 0 otherwise.
Then show that f xy 0, 0   f yx 0, 0  although neither f xy nor f yx is continuous at 0, 0  .
Account for the equality.
x2 y2
6. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function f defined by f x , y  
x2  y2
when x , y   0, 0  and f 0, 0   0 at 0, 0  .
7. State and prove Schwarz's theorem for a function of two variables.
8. If u 1 , u 2 , u 3 , ........., u n are functions of y 1 , y 2 , ......., y n and y 1 , y 2 , y 3 ......., y n are
functions of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ......., x n then show that
 u 1 , u 2 , ....., u n   u 1 , u 2 , ....., u n   y 1 , y 2 , ....., y n 
  .
 x 1 , x 2 , ....., x n   y 1 , y 2 , ....., y n   x 1 , x 2 , ....., x n 
x
9. (a) Show that the sequence f n  where f n x   converges uniformly on R.
1  nx 2

(b) Prove that the series  u n x  v n x  will be uniformly convergent on [a, b] if

(i) v n x 
is a positive monotonic decreasing sequence converging uniformly to zero
for a  x  b .
n
(ii) v n x    u r x   k for every value of x in [a, b] and for all integral value of
v 1

n where k is a fixed number independent of x.

10. Find the radius of convergence of the following power series.
 n n
 n 2

zn
(i)
n
1n
n
z (ii)
n
 2n !
 0

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–III
(Measure Theory)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) If A, B are L-measurable sets then show that (i) A  B (ii) A  B are L-measurable.
(b) Show that the measure of an enumerable set is Zero.
2. (a) Prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for a Set S  R k to be L-measurable is
that for every Set W  R k
W  W S  W  Sc

i.e. m W   m W  S   m W  S c  
(b) If A1 , A2 , A3 , ............ An are L-measurable mutually disjoint sets in R k then show that
n n
(i) W  Rk  W   Ar   W  Ar
r 1 r 1

 n  n
(ii) m  A   m Ar 
 r r  r
 1  1

3. Let Ar  be a sequence of L-measurable sets such that


(i) A1  A2  A3  .......... and A   Ar
r 1
(ii) m A1   
then m A   lt m Ar 
r  

4. (a) Prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for a function f to be L-measurable is that
it is the limit of a convergent sequence of simple functions.
(b) Prove that the class M of L-measurable functions is closed with respect to all arithmetical
operations.
5. State and prove bounded convergence theorem.

6. (a) If f is L-integrable over X then prove that x fd  x f d .

(b) If E and F are measurable sets and f is a integrable function on E + F then show that
fd  fd  fd
 
E F E F
7. (a) State and prove Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem.
1
(b) Use Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem to evaluate lim  f n x dx where
n  0
1
n 2x
f n x   .
1  n 2x 2
nx
8. Use bounded convergence theorem for the function f n x   to show that whether
1  n 2x 2
bounded convergence theorem is true or not in [0, 1].
9. Prove that every absolutely continuous function is an indefinite integral of its own derivative.
10. Let x be a Lebesgue point of a function f(t) then show that the indefinite integral
x
F x   f a   a f t dt is differentiable at each point x and F x   f x  .

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–IV
(Topology)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) What do you mean by T 2 -space or a Hausdorff space. Prove that every discrete space is
a Hausdorff space.
(b) Define the closure of a Set A  X where X , T  is a topological space. If X , T  is a
topological space and A and B are any two subsets of X then prove that,
(i) A  B  A  B (ii) A  B  A  B (iii) A  A

2. (a) Define a Topological space, Indiscrete Topology, Discrete topology, co-finite topology
and co-countable topology.
(b) Let T i : i  I  where I is an arbitrary set, be a collection of topologies for X. Then show
that the intersection  T i : i  I  is also a topology for X.

3. Define a metrizable space and Equivalent metrics giving one suitable example for each.
4. (a) Let X , T 1  , Y , T 2  be two topological spaces. Then prove that a mapping f : X  Y

is closed if and only if f A  f A   A  X .
(b) Let X , T 1  , Y , T 2  be two topological spaces. Then prove that a mapping f : X  Y

is T 1  T 2 continuous if and only if for every subset A of X, f A  f A  .

5. (a) What do you mean by Hereditary property of a topological space X , T  . Let Y , TY  be

a sub space of X , T  and let  be a base for T. Then show that BY  B  Y : B  
is a base for TY .
(b) Define a subspace of a topological space X , T  . Let X , T  be a topological space and
Y  X . Then show that the collection T y  G  Y : G  T  is a topology on Y.

6. Prove that the union of any family of connected sets having a non-empty intersection is
connected.
7. If X , T 1  , Y , T 2  are two topological spaces and let f : X  Y be one-one, onto. Then

prove that f is homeomorphism iff f A  f A   A  X .

8. (a) Prove that every second countable space is separable.

(b) Prove that a topological space (X, T) is a T 1 -space iff every singleton subset {x} of X is a
T-closed set.
9. (a) Prove that every convergent sequence in a Hausdorff space has unique limit.
(b) Prove that every closed-subspace of a normal space is normal.
10. (b) Prove that every compact sub space of a Hausdorff space is closed.
(a) Prove that every closed subset of a compact space is compact.

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–V
(Linear Algebra, Lattice Theory and Boolean Algebra)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Let T : U  V be a linear transformation. Then prove that

dim  ker T   dim  range T   dim  domain T 
2. Prove that a linear transformation E on a linear subspace L is a projection on some subspace if
and only if it is idempotent i.e. E 2  E .
3. (a) Define a Lattice and dual of a statement in a Lattice. Give two examples to make it clear.
(b) Define a sub lattices with two examples.
4. (a) Define two isomorphic lattices. Are the two lattices shown in the figure isomorphic ?

(b) Define a bounded lattice and show that every finite lattice is bounded.
5. (a) What do you mean by a complemented lattice. Prove that if L be a bounded distributive
lattice then complements are unique if they exist.
(b) If L is a complemented lattice with unique complements then the join irreducible
elements of L other than O are its atom prove it.
6. (a) Consider the Boolean algebra D 210 the divisors of 210. Find the number of sub algebras
of D 210 .
(b) Find the maxiterms of the Boolean algebra P A  consisting of the subsets of
A  a , b , c .
7. (a) Express E  Z x   y   y  in complete sum of products form.
(b) Write the Boolean expression E x , y , z  first as a sum of products and then in
complete sum of products form.
8. (a) Prove that the row space and the column space of a matrix A have the same dimension.
(b) Find the basis for the row space of the following matrix A and determine its rank
1 2 3 
A  2 5 4  .
1 1 5 

9. (a) Prove that all bases for a vector space V have the same number of vectors.
(b)  
Show that the set x 2  1, 3x  1,  4 x  1 is linearly independent and the set
x  1, x  1,  x  5 is linearly dependent.
10. (a) If W1 and W 2 are finite dimensional sub spaces of a vector space V, then prove that
W 1  W 2 is also finite dimensional and
dim W1  dim W 2  dim  W 1  W 2   dim  W1  W 2  .
(b) Show that the vectors  1  1, 0, – 1 ,  2  1, 2, 1 ,  3  0,  3, 2  form a basis for
R 3 and express each of the standard basis vectors as linear combinations of
 1 ,  2 and  3 .

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–VI
(Complex Analysis)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z   2, 0, 2 into points
w  0, i ,  i respectively.
5  4z
(b) Show that the transformation w  transforms the circle z  1 into a circle of
4z  2
radius unity in w-plane and find the centre of the circle.

2. (a) Derive necessary and sufficient condition for f z  to be analytic in polar co-ordinates.
 2  2  2 2
(b) If f z  is an analytic function of z, prove that  2  R f z   2 f  z  .
 x y 2 

zn
3. (a) Examine the behaviour of the power series
n

2 n log n 2
on the circle of convergence.

n

1  3  5 ..........2n  1  1  z 
(b) Find the domain of convergence of the series 
n 1 n!

 2 
 .

4. State and prove poison's integral formula.

5. State and prove Laurent' theorem.

6. State and prove Cauchy integral formula i.e. If f z  is analytic within and on a closed contour
1 f z 
C and if a is any point within C then f a   z  dz .
2 i a
c

7. State and prove maximum modulus principle.

1
8. Find the Laurent's series of the function f z   about z  0 and expand
z 2 1  z 
1
2
for (i) 0  z  1 (ii) 1  z  2 (iii) z   2 .
z  3z  2

9. Evaluate any two of the following integrals :–

 a d  Cos 2
(a)  ,a  0 (b)  do
0 a 2  Sin 2  0 5  4 Cos

(c)
 Cos mx
dx (d)
 
log 1  x 2  dx
0 x 2  a2  0 1  x 2

10. (a) Discuss the nature of singularities of the following functions

1 z 1
(i) (ii) (iii)
z z  12
1  z4  z
z e 1 
2
z
(b) Evaluate the residue of at 1, 2, 3 and infinity and show that their
z  1 z  2 z  3
sum is zero.
***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–VII
(Theory of Differential Equations)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. State and prove Cauchy-Peano existence theorem.

2. State and prove Ascolli's Lemma.
3. Show that the function given below satisfy Lipschitz condition in the rectangle indicated and
Cos x

hence find Lipschitz constant f x , y   y  y 2  , y  1, x  1  ½ .
2

4. Define a linear system and show that it satisfies Lipschitz condition and the set of solutions
form a vector space.
5. Compute the first three successive approximations for the solution of the Initial Value problem
y 1  y 2 , y 0   1 .

dx dy
6. Test the stability of the non-linear system  x  4y  x 2 ,  6x  y  2xy . Further
dt dt
make a comment on stability.
dx
7. Find the nature of the critical point (0, 0) of the system of equations  3x  4 y and
dt
dy
 3x  2y .
dt

d 2y 1 dy  2 
1  n  y  0 .
8. Find the series solution of Bessel's differential equation   
dx 2 x dx  x 2 

9. (a) Define fundamental matrix and show that a necessary and sufficient condition that a
solution matrix G to be fundamental matrix is G x   0 for x  I .
(b) Solve the differential equations by matrix method
dx 1
 9x 1  8x 2
dt
dx 2
 24 x 1  9x 2
dt
The initial conditions for which are x 1 0   1, x 2 0   0 .

10. (a) Describe orthogonal property of Laguerre polynomial.

(b) What is the meaning of generating function for Legendre polynomial ? Hence find it.

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-I
PAPER–VIII
(Set Theory, Graph Theory, Number Theory and Differential Geometry)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Prove that the set of all real numbers R is uncountable.

(b) If A and B are countable sets then show that A × B is also countable.
2. (a) Prove that Zorn's lemma implies well ordering theorem.
(b) What is Axiom of choice ? Show that the Axiom of choice is equivalent to Zermelo's
postulates.
3. (a) Prove that every set can be well ordered.
(b) If  ,  ,  are any three Cardinal numbers then prove that
(i)              (ii)         
4. (a) Find g.c.d. of 28 and 49 and express it as a linear combination of 28 and 49.
(b) State and prove division algorithm in theory of numbers.
n  n  n  n 
5. (a) Show that T n            ........    .
1  2 3 n 
(b) Solve the congruence x 3  5 (mod 13).
6. (a) Factorize 493 by Euler's Factorization method.
1  5
(b) If a n is the nth term of the Fibonaced sequence and   then
2
an   n  1
 n  1.

7. Define an Umbilic. Prove that in general three lines of curvature pass through an umbilic.
8. Show that for a geodesic
T 2
 K  K 1 K  K 2  where

K is curvature and T is torsion.

9. (a) If a tree has n vertices of degree 1, two vertices of degree 2, four vertices of degree 4
then find the value of n.
(b) Show that a complete graph of n vertices is a planner if n  6 .
10. (a) If a tree has n vertices of degree 4 then find the value of n.
(b) Prove that an undirected graph is a tree iff there is a unique path between any two
vertices.
***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–IX
(Numerical Analysis)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Calculator is Allowed.

1. (a) Express 2x 3  3x 2  3x  10 and its difference in factorial notation, the interval of

differencing being unity.
(b) Show that n x n   n h n and n  1 x n   0 .
2. Prove that the divided differences can be expressed as the product of multiple integrals.
3. (a) Obtain the estimate of the missing numbers in the following table.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f(x) 1 8 ? 64 ? 216 343 512
(b) Use the method of separation of symbols to prove that
2 n 1 n
u x  u x  1   u x  2   u x  3  .........   u x  n   u x  n  1 .
4. Find f  7.50  from the following table.
x 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53
y = f(x) .193 .195 .198 .201 .203 .206 .208
5. Find the polynomial of fifth degree from the following data
u 0   18, u 1  0, u 3  0, u 5   248, u 6  0, u 9  13140 .
6. (a) Solve the equation y h  2  4y h  1  4 yh  0 .
(b) Find the sum to n terms of the series whose x th
term is 2 x x 3  x .  
7. (a) Find the root of the equation x 3  6 x  11  0 which lies between 3 and 4.
x
(b) By using the method of iteration find a real root of 2x  log10  7.
dx 1
rd th
8. Find the value of  by using Simpson's 1
3 and 3
8 rule, hence obtain the
1  x² 0

approximate value of  in each case.

9. (a) Fit a second degree parabola to the following :–
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3
(b) Obtain an approximation in the sense of the principle of least squares in the form of
1
polynomial of second degree to the function f x   in the range  1  x  1 .
1  x2
10. (a) Solve the equation 3x  Cosx  1  0 by false position method and Newton Raphson method.
(b) Use synthetic division to solve f x   x 2  1  0001 x  0  9999  0 in the neighbourhood
of x = 1.
***
EXAMINATION PROGRAMME-2020
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
Date Papers Time Examination Centre
28.01.2021 Paper–IX 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
30.01.2021 Paper–X 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
02.02.2021 Paper–XI 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
04.02.2021 Paper–XII 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
06.02.2021 Paper–XIII 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
09.02.2021 Paper–XIV 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
11.02.2021 Paper–XV 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
13.02.2021 Paper–XVI 2.30 PM to 5.30 PM Nalanda Open University, 2nd Floor, Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–X
(Functional Analysis)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Calculator is Allowed.

1. State and prove Riesz Lemma.

2. State and prove closed graph theorem.
3. (a) Show that the inner product space is jointly continuous.
(b) If x and y are any two vectors in an inner product space then prove that
x , y   x  y .
4. Consider a real number p such that 1  p   . Denote l p the space of all sequences

x  x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , .............. of scalars such that  x n p   with norm defined by
n 1
1
p
  
x    x p . Show that l p is a Banach space.
p n  1 n 
 

5. (a) If x and y are any two vectors on a Hilbert space H then show that
x  y
2
 x  y
2
 2 x 2
 y
2
.
(b) Show that a normed linear space is a metric space under the property
x  y  x  y .

6. If f and g belong to L p a , b  where p > 1 then prove that f  g p

 f p
 g p
.

7. If N and N' be normal linear spaces and let T : N  N' be any linear map. If N is finite
dimensional then prove that T is continuous or bounded.
8. State and prove open mapping theorem.
2 2
9. (a) If T is a normal operator on a Hilbert space H then prove that T  T .
(b) Prove that if M and N are closed linear sub spaces of a Hilbert space H s  t M  N ,
then M + N is also closed.

10. If N and N' be normal linear spaces and T be a linear transformation of N into N'. Then show
that the following conditions are equivalent to one another.
(i) T is continuous.
(ii) T is continuous at the origin (i.e. x n  0  T x n   0 )
(iii) T is bounded (i.e.  a real number K  0 s  t T x   K x  x  N ).
(iv) If S   x : x 1  is closed sphere in N then the image T(S) is a bounded set in N'.
***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XI
(Partial Differential Equations)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Solve
 
(a) D 2  2DD   D  2 z  e 3 x  2y
(b) D 2

 3DD   2D  2 z  x  y

2. (a) Solve p 2 x  q 2 y  z by Jaicobi's method.

(b)  
Find the complete integral of p 2  q 2 x  pz . (use Charpit's method)
3. (a) Solve q  1 s  p  1t by Monge's method.
(b) Solve pt  qs  q 3 , by Monge's method.
4. Reduce the equation yr  x  y  s  xt  0 to canonical form and hence find its general
solution.
u u
5. Using the method of separation of variables solve  2  u , where u x , 0   6e 3x .
x t

6. (a) 
Find the characteristics curve of 2yu x  2x  y 2 u y  0 passing through (0, 0).
(b) Find the integral surface of the equation 2xy  1 p  z  2x 2 q  2 x  yz  which  
passes through the line x  1, y  0, z  1 .

  2u  2
7. Show that the general solution of the wave equation c 2     u is
2 
 x  t 2
u x , t    x  ct    x  ct  where  and  are arbitrary functions.

 2u 1  u 
8. Solve the boundary value problem 2
   satisfying the conditions
x k  t 

0  u 0, t   u l , t , u x , 0   x  x 2 . 
 2u  2u  2u
9. Transform the Laplaces equation    0 in the cylindrical co-ordinates.
x 2 y 2 z 2

 2u  2u
10. Solve Laplace's equation  0 subject to the conditions u x , 0   u x , b   0 for

x 2 y 2
0  x  a , and u a , y   f y  for 0  y  6 .

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XII
(Analytical Dynamics)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. State and prove Jaicobi-Poisson theorem.

2. (a) A particle moves in a plane under a central force depending on its distance from the
origin. Then construct the Hamiltonian of the system and derive Hamilton's equation of
motion.
(b) Explain the principle of least action and hence establish it in terms of arc length of a
particle path.
3. (a) Derive the formula for the Kinetic energy in terms of generalized co-ordinates and
express generalized components of momentum in terms of Kinetic energy.
(b) Prove that in a simple dynamic system T  V  constant where T and V have their
usual meaning.
4. Determine the kinetic energy and the moment of momentum of a rigid body rotating about
a fixed axis.
5. (a) A particle of mass m moves in a force field whose potential in spherical co-ordinates is
 Cos 
given by V  , then write down the Hamilton Jaicobi equation and derive the
r2
complete solution.
(b) State and prove Jaicobi-theorem.
6. Derive Euler's equation of motion for the motion of rigid body about a fixed point.
7. (a) Derive Lagrange's equation of impulsive motion in a Holonomic dynamical system.
(b) A bead is sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force free space. Derive its equation
of motion.
8. (a) Define the generating function of a transformation and give an example of a
generating function of transformation.
(b) Show that the transformation Q  q tan p , P  log (Sin p ) is canonical.

9. (a) Explain the terms (i) degree of freedom, (ii) Constraints, (iii) generalized co-ordinates
and classify the dynamical systems based on different types of constraints.
(b) Explain the difference between possible displacement and virtual displacement. Give
one example of each.
10. (a) Use Routhian equation of motion to determine the motion of a uniform heavy rod
turning about one end which is fixed.
(b) Construct Routhian function and Routh's equation for the solution of a problem
involving cyclic and non-cyclic co-ordinates.

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XIII
(Fluid Mechanics)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. State and prove Kelvin's circulation theorem.

2. Derive Cauchy-Riemann differential equation in polar form.

3. Derive Euler's equation of Fluid motion.

4. Obtain the equation of continuity in spherical polar co-ordinates.

5. (a) Show that the two dimensional irrotational motion, stream function satisfies Laplace's
equation.
(b) A two dimensional flow field in given by   xy , then (i) show that the flow is irrotational
(ii) Find the velocity potential (iii) find the stream lines and potential lines.

6. (a) What do you mean by source and sink ? Find the complex potential due to a source of
strength m placed at the origin.
(b) Show that u  Axy , v  A (a 2  x 2  y 2 ) are the velocity components of a possible fluid
motion. Determine the stream function of fluid motion.

7. Derive the equation of energy for an incompressible fluid motion with constant fluid properties.

8. Obtain the boundary layer equations in two dimensional flow.

9. (a) What type of motion do the following velocity components constitute ?

u  a  by  cz , v  d  bx  ez , w  f  cx  ey where a, b, c, d, e, f are arbitrary
constants.
(b) Find the principal stresses and principal directions of stress at a point (1, 1, 1) if the
components of the stess tensor are given by
0 2y 3 0 
 
 y   2y 3 0 0
 
0 0 0

10. Show that the vorticity vector  of an incompressible viscous fluid moving under no external
forces satisfies the differential equation.
D
 (  ) q  v  2  Where v is the kinematic of viscosity.
Dt

***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XIV
(Operation Research)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Find basic feasible solution of the system 2x 1  x 2  4 x 3  11, 3x 1  x 2  5x 3  14 .

(b) Reduce feasible solution x 1  2, x 2  4 , x 3  1 of the system 2x 1  x 2  2x 3  2 and
x 1  4 x 2  18 to a basic feasible solution and mention its kind (degenerate or non-
degenerate).
2. Using simplex method solve L.P.P.
Max z  4 x 1  10 x 2
Subject to the condition 2x 1  x 2  50, 2x 1  5x 2  10, 2x 1  3x 2  90 ; x 1  0, x 2  0 .
3. (a) Obtain the feasible solution of non-linear programming
Min z  12x 1  21x 2  2x 1 x 2  2x 12  2x 22
Subject to x 2  8, x 1  x 2  10, x 1  0, x 2  0 .
(b) By using Lagrange's multiplier method solve the NLPP
1 1 1
z  a x 12  b x 22  c x 32 where    1.
x1 x2 x3
4. Explain in details the dual simplex method elaborating each step.
5. Apply two phase method to compute the solution of
Min z  x1  x 2
Subject to 2x 1  x 2  4, x 1  7 x 2  7; x 1  0, x 2  0 .
6. (a) Describe the method of constructing the solution of 'Game Problem' where the game is
without saddle point.
 6 2 7
(b) Solve the game problem whose pay off matrix is  .
 1 9 3
7. Find the dual of the following L.P.P.
Min z  x 1  x 2  x 3
S.t. x 1  3x 2  4x 3  5, x 1  2x 2  3, 2x 2  x 3  4; x 1 , x 2  0; x 3 is unrestricted in sign.

8. (a) Define hyper plane and hyper sphere. Prove that every hyper plane in R n is a convex set.
(b) Prove that the intersection of any finite number of convex sets is a convex set.
9. Solve the following transportation problem.
To
Supply
1 2 3
1 2 7 4 5
From 2 3 3 1 8
3 5 4 7 7
4 1 6 2 14
Demand 7 9 18 34
10. Solve the following assignment problem.
Man
I II III IV V
A 1 3 2 3 6
B 2 4 3 1 5
Task C 5 6 3 4 6
D 3 1 4 2 2
E 1 5 6 5 4
***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XV
(Tensor Algebra, Integral Transforms, Linear Integral Equations, Operational Research Modeling)
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Find the Laplace transform of


(a) L Sin t  
(b) L Sin 2 at  
(c) L e at Cos bt  
(d) L e t Cos 2 t 
 2s 2  6s  5   s2 
2. Find (a) L1  3  (b) L1  2 2 
 s  6s 2  11s  6  
2 2
 s  a s  b   
3. Using Laplace transform solve the following differential equations
(a) D  12 y  t , given that y   3 , when t = 0 and y = -1 when t = 1.
d 2y dy dy
(b) Solve 2  3y  2 Sin t , given that y   0 when t = 0.
dt 2 dt dt
2
4. (a) Find the Fourier cosine transform of e  x .
 x2²
(b) Find the Fourier sine transform of x e .
5. (a) State and prove convolution theorem of Fourier transforms.

1, x  a Sin 2 ax a
(b) Find Fourier transform of F x    and hence prove that 2
dx  . 
0, x  a 0
x 2
6. (a) Explain about the Fredholm integral equations of three kinds.
(b) Describe Firedholm integral equation and voltera integral equation.
7. The maintenance and re-sale value per year of a machine whose purchase prices is Rs.
7000/- is given below :—
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Maintenance
900 1200 1600 2100 2800 3700 4700 5900
Cost in Rs.
Re-sale
4000 2000 1200 600 50 400 400 400
Value in Rs.
When should the Machine be replaced.
8. (a) What do you mean by Christoffel's symbols and prove that
ij , k    jk , i   g ikj   j g ik .
x

(b) Show that   

 
 i   log g 

 log  g
.

j
i
  j x x j

9. (a) Define the inner and outer product of two tensors and prove that the outer product of
two tensors is a tensor of rank equal to the sum of ranks of the two tensors.
(b) Prove that the inner product of tensors Aiji and B iij is a tensor of rank three.

N
10. (a) Prove that a skew symmetric tensor of rank two has N  1 independent components.
2
(b) Show that any linear combination of tensors of type (r, s) is a tensor of type (r, s).
***
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Mathematics, Part-II
PAPER–XVI
(Programming in 'C')
Annual Examination, 2020
Time : 3 Hours. Full Marks : 80
Answer any Five Questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. What is an Operator ? Describe different types of operators in C with examples.

2. What is control statement is C Language ? Explain with the help of an example.
3. Discuss integer constant, floating point constant and character constant. What are the rules
for constructing integer contents ?
4. What is function ? Are functions required when writing a C program ?
5. Write a programme in C to find the roots of a quadratic equation.
6. What are reserved words ? What is the difference between the expression “++a” and “a++” ?
Explain with examples.
7. What are logical errors and how does it differ from syntax errors ? Write a program in C to
swap the value of two variables.
8. What is the purpose of the switch statement ? How does switch statement differ from the
other statements ?
9. What is debugging ? When is the “void” keyword used in a function ?
10. Write short notes on any two of the following :—
(i) GOTO Statement
(ii) Variables
(iii) Branching statements
(iv) Recursion

***

M.Sc. Mathematics, Part–II, Paper–XVI

Practical Counselling & Examination Programme, 2020
vuqØekad ijke'kZ d{kk dh frfFk ijke'kZ d{kk dk le; ijh{kk dh frfFk ijh{kk dk le;
180290001 to 180290190 01.03.2021 11.00 AM to 2.00 PM 04.03.2021 11.30 AM to 1.30 PM
to
180290191 to 180290395 03.03.2021 2.00 PM to 5.00 PM 04.03.2021 2.30 PM to 4.30 PM
180290396 to 180290650 05.03.2021 11.00 AM to 2.00 PM 09.03.2021 11.30 AM to 1.30 PM
180290651 to 180290665 to
08.03.2021 2.00 PM to 5.00 PM 09.03.2021 2.30 PM to 4.30 PM
& All Old Students
th
Venue : School of Computer Education & IT, Nalanda Open University, 12 Floor, Biscomaun Tower, Patna-800001
vr% fo|kÆFk;ksa dks fgnk;r nh tkrh gS fd os viuk Admit Card vo'; ysdj vk;sa vU;Fkk ijke'kZ d{kkvksa ,oa ijh{kkvksa
ls oafpr gks ldrs gSa A
bl dk;ZØe esa fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa ifjorZu ugha gksxk A