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Lect 11 & 12 symmetrical components

The document discusses symmetrical components, which allow for the decomposition of unbalanced three-phase systems into three balanced components: positive, negative, and zero sequences. It explains the relationship between phase components and symmetrical components, highlighting the use of the complex operator α for analysis. Additionally, it covers the properties of α and the calculation of power in terms of sequence components.

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Aisha Shaikh
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3 views

Lect 11 & 12 symmetrical components

The document discusses symmetrical components, which allow for the decomposition of unbalanced three-phase systems into three balanced components: positive, negative, and zero sequences. It explains the relationship between phase components and symmetrical components, highlighting the use of the complex operator α for analysis. Additionally, it covers the properties of α and the calculation of power in terms of sequence components.

Uploaded by

Aisha Shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Symmetrical Components

Anwar Ali Sahito


Symmetrical Components
• Unbalanced three phase systems can be split into
three balanced components
• Positive Sequence (balanced and having the same
phase sequence as the unbalanced supply)
• Negative Sequence (balanced and having the
opposite phase sequence to the unbalanced
supply)
• Zero Sequence (balanced but having the same
phase and hence no phase sequence).
• These are known as the Symmetrical
Components or the Sequence Components and
are shown in figure 1.
• The phase components are the addition of the
symmetrical components
• The unknown unbalanced system has three unknown magnitudes
and three unknown angles with respect to the reference direction.
• Similarly, the combination of the 3 sequence components will also
have three unknown magnitudes and three unknown angles with
respect to the reference direction.
• Thus the original unbalanced system effectively has 3 complex
unknown quantities a, b and c (magnitude and phase angle of each
is independent), and that each of the balanced components have
only one independent complex unknown each, as the others can be
written by symmetry.
• Thus the three sets of symmetrical components also have
effectively 3 complex unknown quantities.
• These are usually selected as the components of the first phase a
(i.e. a0, a1 and a2) .
• One of the other phases could have been selected as well, but all
3 components should be selected for the same phase.
• Thus it should be possible to convert from either sequence
components to phase components or vice versa.
The operator (α)
• When the balanced components are considered, we see
that the most frequently occurring angle is 1200.
• In complex number theory, we defined j as the complex
operator which is equal to √-1 and a magnitude of unity,
and more importantly, when operated on any complex
number rotates it anti-clockwise by an angle of 900.
• i.e. j = √-1 = 1 ∠900
• In like manner, we define a new complex operator α which
has a magnitude of unity and when operated on any
complex number rotates it anti-clockwise by an angle of
1200.
• i.e. α = 1 ∠1200 = - 0.500 + j 0.866
Some Properties of α
Analysis of decomposition of phasors
• Let us again examine the sequence components of the
unbalanced quantity, with each of the components
written in terms of phase a components, and the
operator α, as in figure
Numerical
Numerical
Numerical
Numerical
Numerical
Sequence Impedances
Power in terms of sequence components
0 ∗
1 0 0 𝐼𝑎
∗
𝑆 = 𝑉𝑎0 𝑉𝑎1 𝑉𝑎2 3 0 1 0 𝐼𝑎1
0 0 1 ∗
𝐼𝑎1

0 0 ∗ 1 1 ∗ 2 2 ∗
S=3 (𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 )

0 0∗ 1 1∗ 2 2∗
S= 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎∗ + 𝑉𝑏 𝐼𝑏∗ + 𝑉𝑐 𝐼𝑐∗ =3 (𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 )

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