Power System Analysis

Bus Impedance Matrix

Dr. Anwar Ali Sahito

1
 Fair Use Notice

The material used in this presentation i.e., pictures/graphs/text, etc. is solely

intended for educational/teaching purpose, offered free of cost to the students for
use under special circumstances of Online Education due to COVID-19 Lockdown
situation and may include copyrighted material - the use of which may not have
been specifically authorised by Copyright Owners. It’s application constitutes Fair
Use of any such copyrighted material as provided in globally accepted law of many
countries. The contents of presentations are intended only for the attendees of the
class being conducted by the presenter.
 Bus Impedance Matix

• Bus Impedance Matrix (Zbus)

 Example
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

9
 Solution
• Associated Graph

10
Rule 1 Adding a branch to reference
Adding Bus1 with z10= j0.2

Rule 1 Adding a branch to reference

Adding Bus 2 with z20=j0.4
Rule 2 Adding a branch to existing bus
Adding Bus 3 to Bus 1 with z13= j0.4
 Rule 3 Addition of a linking branch
Adding line between buses 1 and 2 with z12= j0.8

4x4 matrix is developed with

z41= z11 – z21 = j0.2 z14= z11 - z12 = j0.2
z42= z12 – z22 = -j0.4 z24= z12 – z22 = -j0.4
z43= z13 – z23 = j0.2 z34= z13 – z23 = j0.2

Z44= z12 + Z11 + Z22 – 2 Z12

Z44= j0.8 + j0.2 + j0.4 – 2 (0)

Z44= j1.4
 Now matrix has become 4x4 while there are only 3
buses

Apply Kron’s reduction technique to convert it back

into 3x3
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍14 𝑍41 𝑗 = 1, 𝑘 = 1
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍11 = 𝑍11 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(−0.04)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍11 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑍11 = 𝑗0.2 −
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍11 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑗0.29 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍11 = 𝑗0.171
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍14 𝑍42 𝑗 = 1, 𝑘 = 2
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍12 = 𝑍12 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(−𝑗0.4) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(+0.08)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍12 = 0 − 𝑍12 =−
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍11 = 𝑗0.057
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍14 𝑍43 𝑗 = 1, 𝑘 = 3
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍13 = 𝑍13 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(−0.04)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍13 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑍13 = 𝑗0.2 −
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍13 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑗0.29 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍13 = 𝑗0.171
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍24 𝑍41 𝑗 = 2, 𝑘 = 1
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍21 = 𝑍21 −
𝑍44
(−𝑗0.4)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(+0.08)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍21 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑍21 =−
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍21 = 𝑗0.057
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍24 𝑍42 𝑗 = 2, 𝑘 = 2
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍22 = 𝑍22 −
𝑍44
(−𝑗0.4)(−𝑗0.4) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(−0.16)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍22 = 𝑗0.4 − 𝑍22 = 𝑗0.4 −
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍22 = 𝑗0. 4 − 𝑗0.1143 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍22 = 𝑗0.2857
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍24 𝑍43 𝑗 = 2, 𝑘 = 3
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍23 = 𝑍23 −
𝑍44
(−𝑗0.4)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(0.08)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍23 = 0 − 𝑍23 =−
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍23 = 𝑗0.057
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍34 𝑍41 𝑗 = 3, 𝑘 = 1
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍31 = 𝑍31 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(−0.04)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍31 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑍31 = 𝑗0.2 −
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍31 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑗0.29 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍31 = 𝑗0.171
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍34 𝑍42 𝑗 = 3, 𝑘 = 2
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍32 = 𝑍32 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(−𝑗0.4) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(0.08)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍32 = 0 − 𝑍23 =−
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍23 = 𝑗0.057
 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙 = 4,
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑗𝑙 𝑍𝑙𝑘 j and k has values
𝑍𝑗𝑘 = 𝑍𝑗𝑘 −
𝑍𝑙𝑙 from 1 to 3

𝑍34 𝑍43 𝑗 = 3, 𝑘 = 3
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍33 = 𝑍33 −
𝑍44
(𝑗0.2)(𝑗0.2) 𝑛𝑒𝑤
(−0.04)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍33 = 𝑗0.6 − 𝑍31 = 𝑗0.2 −
𝑗1.4 𝑗1.4
𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍31 = 𝑗0.6 − 𝑗0.29 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍31 = 𝑗0.571
Putting the calculated new values results in 3x3
matrix as
 Rule 3 Addition of a linking branch
Adding line between buses 3 and 2 with z23= j0.4

4x4 matrix is developed with

z41= z31 – z21 = j0.114 z14= z13 - z12 = j0.114
z42= z32 – z22 = -j0.228 z24= z23 – z22 = -j0.228
z43= z33 – z23 = j0.514 z34= z33 – z32 = j0.514

Z44= z23 + Z22 + Z33 – 2 Z23

Z44= j0.4 + j0.285 + j0.571 – 2 (0.057)

Z44= j1.14
Now matrix has become 4x4 while there are only 3
buses
Apply Kron’s reduction technique to convert it back
into 3x3

Required Bus
Impedance Matrix
 Solution (Alternate Approach)
• Associated Graph

28
Rule 1 Adding a branch to reference
Adding Bus1 with z10= j0.2

Rule 1 Adding a branch to reference

Adding Bus 2 with z20=j0.4
Rule 2 Adding a branch to existing bus
Adding Bus 3 to Bus 1 with z13= j0.4
 Rule 3 Addition of a linking branch
Adding line between buses 1 and 2 with z12= j0.8

4x4 matrix is developed with

z41= z11 – z21 = j0.2 z14= z11 - z12 = j0.2
z42= z12 – z22 = -j0.4 z24= z12 – z22 = -j0.4
z43= z13 – z23 = j0.2 z34= z13 – z23 = j0.2

Z44= z12 + Z11 + Z22 – 2 Z12

Z44= j0.8 + j0.2 + j0.4 – 2 (0)

Z44= j1.4
From this we write
𝑗0.2
Δ𝑍 = −𝑗0.4
𝑗0.2
Δ𝑍 𝑇 = 𝑗0.2 − 𝑗0.4 𝑗0.2

Z44= j1.4

Now find Δ𝑍 Δ𝑍 𝑇
𝑍44
 𝑗0.2
Δ𝑍 Δ𝑍 𝑇 1
= −𝑗0.4 𝑗0.2 − 𝑗0.4 𝑗0.2
𝑍44 j1.4 𝑗0.2
 Rule 3 Addition of a linking branch
Adding line between buses 3 and 2 with z23= j0.4

4x4 matrix is developed with

Removing a branch is like adding a branch with impedance
equal to negated value of the branch.
 Example
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

37
Solution

38
 Zbus Matrix through MATLAB
• Use MATLAB to find Ybus matrix and then take its inverse
• Use program
Zbus=Zbuild(Zdata)
• Zdata file is same as coloumn zdata discussed

44
 Example
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

Clear;
Zdata=[0 1 0 0.2
0 2 0 0.4
1 2 0 0.8
1 3 0 0.4
2 3 0 0.4];
Zbus=Zbuild(Zdata)

45
 Example
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

Clear;
Zdata=[0 1 0 0.05
0 2 0 0.075
1 2 0 0.75
1 3 0 0.30
2 3 0 0.45];
Zbus=Zbuild(Zdata)

46
 H.W. 1
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

47
 H.W. 2
• Find Bus Impedance Matrix for the power system shown in
figure

48