AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square Name

1. A controversial issue in the sport of professional soccer is the use of instant replay for making difficult goal
line decisions. Each person in a representative sample of 102 players, fans, coaches, and officials was asked
his or her opinion about the use of instant replay for goal-line decisions. The data are summarized in the
two-way frequency table below.

In testing to see whether opinion with respect to the use of instant replay is independent of the category of
the person interviewed, a chi-square test statistic of 27.99 and a p-value less than 0.001 were calculated.
Which of the following statements is correct?

A The number of degrees of freedom for the test is 8 - 1 = 7.

B The chi-square test should not have been used because two of the counts in the table are less than 5.

The null hypothesis states that there is an association between category and opinion about the use of instant
C
replay, and the small p-value suggests that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

The small p-value suggests that there is evidence of an association between category and opinion about the
D
use of instant replay.

E The chi-square test shows that fans favor the use of instant replay.

2. Sophomore, junior, and senior students at a high school will be surveyed regarding a potential increase in
the extracurricular student activities fee. There are three possible responses to the survey question - agree
with the increase, do not agree with the increase, or no opinion. A chi-square test will be conducted to
determine whether the response to this question is independent of the class in which the student is a
member. How many degrees of freedom should the chi-square test have?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

A 9

B 6

C 4

D 2

E 1

3. A marketing research consultant for a hotel chain hypothesizes that men and women differ in their color
preference for guest rooms. The consultant shows pictures of rooms decorated with three different color
scheme to each person in a random sample of 110 men and to each person in a random sample of 90
women. The consultant asks each person to choose his or her favorite color scheme. A chi-square test for
homogeneity of proportions will be used to test the consultant’s hypothesis. Assuming that the conditions
for inference are met, which of the following statements is true for the test?

A The null hypothesis for the test is that the proportion of each gender who prefer each color scheme is 1/3 .

The sample size is too small to detect a significant difference in a chi-square test for homogeneity of
B
proportions.

C The test is not valid because the sample sizes are not equal.

D The more that men and women differ in their color preferences, the larger the chi-square statistic will be.

E The test would also be appropriate if 90 married couples had been used for the two samples.

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

4. The manager of a restaurant tracks the types of dinners that customers order from the menu to ensure that
the correct amount of food is ordered from the supplier each week. Data from customer orders last year
suggest the following weekly distribution.

The manager believes that there might be a change in the distribution from last year to this year. A random
sample of 200 orders was taken from all customer orders placed last week. The following table shows the
results of the sample.

Assume each order is independent. For which type of dinner is the value of its contribution to the
appropriate test statistic the greatest?

A Beef

B Chicken

C Fish

D Pork

E Vegetarian

5. A polling agency conducted a survey about social media in which each person in random samples of men and women was asked
what factor he or she considers to be the most important when deciding whether to connect on social media with another person. The
responses are shown in the table.
Factor

Personal Friend Stay in Touch Mutual Friends Business Networking Other

Men

Women
What is the contribution to the chi-square test statistic for men who selected business networking as the most important factor?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

6. To investigate the relationship between age and preference for two mayoral candidates in an upcoming
election, a random sample of city residents was surveyed. The residents were asked which candidate they
preferred, and each resident was classified into one of three age-groups. The test statistic for the appropriate
hypothesis test was 3.7408. Approximately what is the probability that the observed responses would be as
far or farther from the expected responses if there is no association between age-group and preference?

A 0.0001

B 0.1541

C 0.2908

D 0.5873

E 0.7117

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

7. The table below shows historical data for the distribution of the number of customers, in half-hour time
periods, who visit the electronics department of a retail store. For example, in 25 percent of the time periods
for which data were collected, no customers were observed in the electronics department of the store.

To investigate if the distribution has changed, the number of customers who visited the electronics
department of the store was recorded for each of 50 randomly selected time periods. The results are shown
in the table below.

A chi-square goodness-of-fit test was conducted to determine whether the data provide convincing evidence
that the distribution has changed. The test statistic was 10.13 with a p-value of 0.0175. Which of the
following statements is true?

At the significance level α​ = 0.05, the data provide convincing evidence that the current distribution is
A
different from the historical distribution.

At the significance level α = 0.10, the data do not provide convincing evidence that the current distribution
B
is different from the historical distribution.

C The mean number of customers in a randomly selected time period is 12.5.

D No valid conclusion can be made because the observed frequency for one cell is less than 5.

E The chi-square statistic has 50 - 1 = 49 degrees of freedom.

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

8. An investigator was studying a territorial species of Central American termites, Nasutitermes corniger.
Forty-nine termite pairs were randomly selected; both members of each of these pairs were from the same
colony. Fifty-five additional termite pairs were randomly selected; the two members in each of these pairs
were from different colonies. The pairs were placed in petri dishes and observed to see whether they
exhibited aggressive behavior. The results are shown in the table below.

A Chi-square test for homogeneity was conducted, resulting in x2 = 7.638. The expected counts are shown in
parentheses in the table. Which of the following sets of statements follows from these results?

A x2 is not significant at the 0.05 level.

x2 is significant, 0.01 < p < 0.05; the counts in the table suggest that termite pairs from the same colony are
B
less likely to be aggressive than termite pairs from different colonies.

x2 is significant, 0.01 < p < 0.05; the counts in the table suggest that termite pairs from different colonies are
C
less likely to be aggressive than termite pairs from the same colony.

x2 is significant, p < 0.01; the counts in the table suggest that termite pairs from the same colony are less
D
likely to be aggressive than termite pairs from different colonies.

x2 is significant, p < 0.01; the counts in the table suggest that termite pairs from different colonies are less
E
likely to be aggressive than termite pairs from the same colony.

9. A survey was conducted in which both men and women were asked a question about a current issue.
Possible responses to this question were “in favor of,” “not in favor of,” or “no opinion.” A chi-square test is
to be used to determine whether the response to this question is independent of gender. The number of
degrees of freedom for the chi-square test in this situation is

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

A 6

B 5

C 3

D 2

E 1

10. Each person in a random sample of adults indicated his or her favorite color. The results, shown in the table
below, are reported by age group of the respondents.

If choice of color is independent of age group, which of the following expressions is equal to the expected
number of respondents who are aged 30 to 50, inclusive, and prefer green?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

11.

Each of 133 children in a sample was asked to choose a pencil. Three different colors were available:
yellow, red, and blue. The number of 2-year olds and 3-year olds who selected each color is shown in the
table above. In a test of independence of age and color, which of the following is used as the expected cell
count for 2-year olds who select a yellow pencil?

A 14

12. A survey of a random sample of 210 male teens and 228 female teens, ages 13 years to 17 years, found that
122 of the male teens and 160 of the female teens brush their teeth at least twice a day. If there is no
difference between the proportions in the population of all male and female teens ages 13 years to 17 years
who brush their teeth at least twice a day, approximately how many males and females in the sample would
be expected to brush their teeth at least twice a day?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

A 105 males and 114 females

B 122 males and 160 females

C 135 males and 147 females

D 141 males and 141 females

E 219 males and 219 females

13. A national health study reported that the proportion of students with elevated blood pressure is 0.15. The
principal of a local high school believes that the proportion of students in the school with elevated blood
pressure is greater than 0.15. If a large random sample is used, which of the following is the most
appropriate test to investigate the principal’s belief?

A A z-test for a proportion

B A z-test for a difference between two proportions

C A chi-square test for homogeneity of proportions

D A t-test for a mean

E A matched-pairs t-test

14. A candy company claims that 10 percent of its candies are blue. A random sample of 200 of these candies is
taken, and 16 are found to be blue. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate for establishing
whether the candy company needs to change its claim?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

A Matched pairs t-test

B One-sample proportion z-test

C Two-sample t-test

D Two-sample proportion z-test

E Chi-square test of association

15. A town manager is interested in comparing requests for various town-provided services (such as street
maintenance and garbage pickup) with nationally published proportions of requests for the same services.
Each request in a random sample of 500 service requests from the town was classified into one of 10
different categories. Which of the following tests could be used to determine whether the proportions of
service requests classified into the 10 service categories for the town differ from national proportions?

A A two-sample t-test for a difference of means

B A matched-pairs t-test for means

C A chi-square test of association

D A chi-square goodness-of-fit test

E A t-test for a correlation of proportions

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

16. A group of men and women were surveyed to investigate the association between gender and the number of
friends the person has on a social media Web site. Results are shown in the table below.

Which of the following procedures is the most appropriate for investigating whether an association exists
between gender and the number of friends a person has on a social media Web site?

A A matched-pairs t-test for a mean difference

B A two-sample t-test for the difference between means

C A t-test for the slope of the regression line

D A chi-square goodness-of-fit test

E A chi-square test of independence

17. In order to plan its next advertising campaign, the Trendy Motor Vehicle Company is investigating whether
the type of vehicle and the color of vehicle are related. Each person in a random sample of size 275 selected
from the company’s mailing list was classified according to the type (car or truck) and the color of vehicle
he or she drove. The data are shown in the table below.

Which of the following procedures would be most appropriate to use for investigating whether there is a
relationship between vehicle type and color?

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 AP Statistics Test Booklet

8 Inference for Categorical Data-Chi-Square

A A two-sample t-test

B A two-sample z-test

C A matched pairs t-test

D A chi-square goodness-of-fit test

E A chi-square test of independence

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