NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1: Excellent study materials are required for

students studying in Class 10 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations,
according to NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science. Subject matter specialists have created
these NCERT Solutions in accordance with the most recent CBSE Syllabus.

It is crucial that students use NCERT Solutions to assist them learn how to solve and study so
they can become familiar with the kinds of questions that are posed in the chapter as well as
chemical reactions and equations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1

Overview
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 "Chemical Reactions and Equations,"
introduces students to the fundamental concepts of chemical reactions and how they are
represented using chemical equations. The chapter explains the types of chemical reactions,
such as combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement reactions. It also
covers the concepts of oxidation and reduction (redox reactions).

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 emphasizes the importance of balancing
chemical equations to adhere to the law of conservation of mass. Students learn to write and
balance equations for various reactions, including precipitation reactions and exothermic and
endothermic reactions.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1

Chemical Reactions and Equations
Here we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions
and Equations -

In-text questions set 1 Page number – 6

1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in the air?

Solution:

Because magnesium metal combines with ambient oxygen to generate magnesium oxide
(MgO) layer, a very stable chemical, magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning in the
air. Hence, the ribbon must be cleaned by removing the coating of MgO in order to stop more
reactions with oxygen.
2. Write a balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.

i) Hydrogen + Chloride —-> Hydrogen chloride

ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate —-> Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride

iii) Sodium + Water —-> Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen

Solution:

i) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl

ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 →3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3

iii) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions

i) Solutions of Barium chloride and Sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble
Barium sulphate and solution of Sodium chloride.

ii) Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with the hydrochloric acid solution to
produce Sodium chloride solution and water.

Solution:

i) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl

ii) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

In-text questions set 2 Page number – 10

1. A solution of a substance, ‘X,’ is used for whitewashing.

(i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula.

(ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water.

Solution:

i) The substance ‘X’ which is used in whitewashing is quick lime or Calcium Oxide and its
formula is CaO.

ii) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

2. Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double the
amount collected in the other? Name this gas.
Solution:

In activity 1.7, water hydrolyses to release H2 and O2 gas, which results in twice as much gas
being collected in one test tube as in the other. Here, two molecules of hydrogen and one
molecule of oxygen gas are released during electrolysis; as a result, twice as much hydrogen
would be recovered as oxygen.

In-text questions set 3 Page number – 13

1. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in
it?

Solution:

Because iron is more reactive than copper, iron displaces copper from the copper sulphate
solution when an iron nail is dipped in it. As a result, the copper sulphate solution's hue
changes. The response is

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

2. Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity
1.10.

Solution:

A double displacement reaction occurs between sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate
(AgNO3). Because white silver chloride precipitate forms during the process, positive and
negative ions exchange places. The following is a chemical reaction diagram.
Ag+ + NO3– + Na+ + Cl– → AgCl + Na+ + NO3–

3. Identify the substances that are oxidised and that are reduced in the following
equation.

i) 4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)

ii) CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l)

Solution:

The Sodium (Na) in the first equation is getting oxidized with the addition of Oxygen (O2), and
the Copper (Cu) in the second equation is reduced due to the addition of Hydrogen (H2).

Exercise Questions Page number – 14-16

1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

2PbO(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CO2(g)

(a) Lead is getting reduced

(b) Carbon Dioxide is getting oxidised

(c) Carbon is getting oxidised

(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced

(i) (a) and (b)

(ii) (a) and (c)

(iii) (a), (b) and (c)

(iv) all the above

Solution:

(i) (a) and (b)

Explanation: (a) Because Oxygen is being removed and (b) Because the removed oxygen from
Lead is added to the elemental Carbon.

822

2. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe

The above reaction is an example of a

 1. Combination reaction
2. Double displacement reaction
3. Decomposition reaction
4. Displacement reaction

Solution:

The answer is 4. Displacement reaction.

Aluminium oxide is created when oxygen from ferrous oxide is transferred to aluminium metal.
Aluminium is a more reactive metal than Fe in this reaction. Al will so remove Fe from its oxide.
One element displaces another in this kind of chemical reaction, known as a displacement
reaction. In this instance, more reactive metal replaces less reactive metal. It is referred to as a
single displacement reaction since it is a one-time displacement.

3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct
answer.

1. Hydrogen gas and Iron chloride are produced.

2. Chlorine gas and Iron hydroxide are produced.
3. No reaction takes place.
4. Iron salt and water are produced.

Solution:

1. Hydrogen gas and Iron chloride are produced.

Explanation: The Chlorine from Hydrogen chloride is displaced by the Iron fillings to undergo the
following reaction.

2HCl + Fe → FeCl2 + H2

4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should a chemical equation be balanced?

Solution:

When the number of distinct atoms on the reactant and product sides of the equation is equal,
the equation is said to be balanced. Chemical equations must be balanced in order for the
reaction to follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. There is no set procedure for balancing the
chemical equation; it is just a matter of trial and error.

5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and balance them.

(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.

(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in the air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give Aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.

(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and Hydrogen gas.

Solution:

(a) Unbalanced: H2 + N2 → NH3

Balanced: 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3

(b) Unbalanced: H2S + O2 → H2O + SO2

Balanced: 2H2S + 3O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2

(c) Unbalanced:

BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → AlCl3 + BaSO4

Balanced: 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4

(d) Unbalanced: K + H2O → KOH + H2

Balanced: 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

6. Balance the following chemical equations.

(a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

(b) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O

(c) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3

(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl

Solution:

(a) 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

(b) 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(c) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3

(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl

7. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions.

Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide —-> Calcium carbonate + Water

Zinc + Silver nitrate —-> Zinc nitrate + Silver

Aluminium + Copper chloride —-> Aluminium chloride + Copper

Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate —-> Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride

Solution:

2Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 → 2CaCO3 + 2H2O

Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

BaCl2 + K2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2KCl

8. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction
of each case.

KBr + BaI2 → KI + BaBr2

ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2

H2 + Cl → HCl

Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2

Solution:

2KBr + BaI2 → 2KI + BaBr2 (Double Displacement Reaction)

ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 (Decomposition Reaction)

H2 + Cl → 2HCl (Combination Reaction)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 (Displacement Reaction)

9. What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.

Solution:

When energy is taken up from the environment in the form of heat (such as during
photosynthesis, ice melting, or evaporation), an endothermic process takes place. On the other
hand, an exothermic reaction is one in which energy is released into the environment from the
system (Examples: nuclear fission and fusion, concrete setting, explosions).

10. Why is respiration considered to be an exothermic reaction?

Solution:

Energy is necessary for life to survive. Food is the source of this energy for us. During the
digestive process, food molecules are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose.
When these materials interact with the oxygen found in our body's cells, carbon dioxide, water,
and a little quantity of energy are produced (the respiration process). As the energy used to
sustain our body temperature takes the form of heat, respiration is regarded as an exothermic
reaction. The response that is occurring is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

11. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of Combination reactions?
Write equations for decomposition reactions.

Solution:

The decomposition process is defined as the splitting of bigger molecules into two or more
smaller molecules, whereas the combination reaction is defined as the reaction of two or more
molecules to generate a larger molecule. This basically clarifies how the decomposition process
differs from the combination reaction.

Since the heat from the environment or heat-induced breaks the bonds of the bigger molecule,
the breakdown mechanism is usually endothermic. Several instances of breakdown reactions
include

ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2

CaCO3 + Energy → CaO + CO2

2HgO → 2Hg + O2

12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in
the form of heat, light or electricity.

Solution:

(a) Thermal decomposition reaction (Thermolysis)

Decomposition of potassium chlorate: When heated strongly, potassium chlorate decomposes

into potassium chloride and oxygen. This reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen.

2KClO3 + Heat → 2KCl + 3O2

(b) Electrolytic decomposition reaction (Electrolysis)

Decomposition of sodium chloride: On passing electricity through molten sodium chloride, it

decomposes into sodium and chlorine.
(c) Photodecomposition reaction (Photolysis)

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: In the presence of light, hydrogen peroxide decomposes

into water and oxygen.

13. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions?
Write relevant equations for the above.

Solution:

A double displacement reaction occurs when two compounds exchange ions, while a
displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive substance removes a less reactive one
from its salt solution.

A displacement reaction involves only one displacement between the molecules, whereas a
double displacement reaction involves two displacements, as the name implies.

Example:

Displacement reaction

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

Double displacement reaction

2KBr + BaI2 → 2KI + BaBr2

14. In the refining of Silver, the recovery of silver from Silver nitrate solution involves
displacement reaction by Copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.

Solution:

Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

15. What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.

Solution:
Ions are exchanged between the compounds in a double displacement reaction that occurs
when two solutions containing soluble salts are mixed. One of these compounds sinks to the
bottom of the container as it solidifies and becomes insoluble in water. The precipitate is the
name given to this solid, and the precipitation reaction is the name given to the corresponding
reaction. Several instances of precipitation reactions include

CdSO4(aq) + K2S(aq) → CdS(s) + K2SO4(aq)

2NaOH(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s)

16. Explain the following in terms of the gain of oxygen with two examples each.

(a) Oxidation

(b) Reduction

Solution:

(a) In a chemical reaction, when the oxygen is added to the element to form its respective oxide
it is the element being oxidised. Example:

4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)

H2S + O2 → H2O + SO2

(b) In a chemical reaction, when the oxygen is removed from the compound, then it is said to be
reduced. Example:

CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l)

2HgO → 2Hg + O2

17. A shiny brown coloured element ‘X’ on heating in the air becomes black in colour.
Name the element ‘X’ and the black-coloured compound formed.

Solution:

The shiny brown-coloured element is Copper metal (Cu). When the metal is heated in air, it
reacts with atmospheric oxygen to form copper oxide. Hence, the black-coloured compound is
copper oxide.

2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s)

18) Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Solution:
Paint is used on iron objects to stop them from rusting. If the metal surface is not coated, it will
come into contact with airborne oxygen and, in the event of moisture, iron(III) oxide. However,
painting shields the surface from air and moisture, which stops rusting.

19) Oil and Fat containing food items are flushed with Nitrogen. Why?

Solution:

The major goal of flushing nitrogen into food packages containing fat and/or oil is to stop
rancidity, which happens when the fat or oil combines with oxygen to release an off-putting taste
and smell. Consequently, an unreactive environment is produced by flushing nitrogen,
preventing rancidity.

20) Explain the following terms with one example each.

(a) Corrosion

(b) Rancidity

Solution:

(A) The process of corrosion involves oxidising refined metal with air to create oxides, which are
more stable compounds. When the metal corrodes, it steadily deteriorates. One example of
corrosion in which iron is transformed into iron oxide is the rusting of iron. Every year, millions of
dollars are spent to keep monuments like bridges from rusting.

(B) The situation that results in an unpleasant taste and smell due to the aerial oxidation of the
fat and oil in the food item. Food stored in the refrigerator slows down its rancidity because the
low temperature inhibits the oxidation process.

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

Chapter 1
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, "Chemical Reactions and Equations," offer
several benefits to students:

Clarity of Concepts: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 provide detailed
explanations for each concept, helping students understand the types of chemical reactions, the
significance of balancing equations, and the underlying principles of chemical processes.

Step-by-Step Problem Solving: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 break down
complex problems into manageable steps, guiding students through the process of writing and
balancing chemical equations, which is essential for mastering the topic.
Practice and Revision: With a variety of solved examples and exercises, students can practice
different types of problems, reinforcing their learning and improving their problem-solving skills.

Exam Preparation: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 are aligned with the
NCERT curriculum and exam pattern, helping students prepare effectively for board exams by
focusing on important topics and frequently asked questions.

Self-Assessment: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 enable students to assess
their understanding and identify areas where they need further practice, allowing for targeted
revision and better exam performance.