HORMISDALLEN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

P.5 MATHEMATICS TOPICAL BREAKDOWN TERM III – 2022

1. MEASURES 1 (THEME FOUR)

 Converting bigger units to smaller units in length.

 Expressing smaller units to bigger units in length.

 Converting bigger units to smaller units in weight.

 Changing smaller units to bigger units in weight.

 Names of polygons

 Finding perimeter of regular polygons

 Calculating perimeter of a rectangle

 Finding one side to a regular polygon when perimeter is given.

 Finding one side of rectangle when perimeter is given.

 Finding area of rectangles

 Finding area of squares

 Finding one side of a square when area is given

 Finding area of triangles

 Finding area 67 separating figures

 Calculating area of shaded regions

 Finding volume and total surface area of cuboids

 Finding one side of cuboids

2. MEASURES 2 (THEME FOUR)

 The 12 hour –clock and 24 hours – clock time

1
  Converting 12 hour, clock time to 24 hour clock

 Changing 24 hour clock to 12 hour clock time

 Finding duration (length of time)

 Finding distance when speed and time is given

 Finding time when distance and speed is given

 Finding speed

 Simple rates and proportion

 Shopping bills and balances

 Transport charges

 Profit and loss

 Finding the cost price

 Finding the selling price

METRIC CONVERSION
We get the values of the metric conversion /units by comparing them with the basic or
standard units.

Kilometre Hecto Deca Basic Deci Centi Milli

1000m 100m 10m Metre 1/10m 1/100m 1/100m
Gram
Litre
Note
a) The basic measure of length is metre

b) The basic measure of weight is a gram

c) The basic measure of capacity is a litre
Ordering of length = km Hm Dm M dm Cm mm
Ordering of weight = Kg Hg Dg G Dg Cg Mg
Ordering of capacity= Kl Hr Dl L Dl Cl Ml
I km = 1000m
1Hm = 100m
2
 1Dm = 10m
1m = 1m
1dm = 0.1 or 1/10m
1cm = 0.01 or 1/100m
1mm = 0.001 0r 1/1000m
1kg = 1000gm
1Hg = 100gm
1Dg = 10gm
1g = 1gm
1dg = 0.1gm
1cg = 0.01gm
1mg = 0.001gm
ACTIVITY

1. 1KM = 1000METRES

2. 1Hm = _______ metres

3. 1Dm = _______ metres

4. 1dm = _______ metres

5. 1mm = _______ metres

6. 1cm = _______ metres

7. 1kg = _______ gms

8. 1Hg = _______ gms

9. 1 Dg = _______ gms

10. 1dg = _______ gms

11. How many metres make up 1 kilimetre?

12. 1mg = ________gms

CONVERTING KILOMETRES TO METRES

1. Express 12km as metres

3
 Since 1km = 1000m

12km = 12 x 1000

= 12000m

2. Convert 0.5km to metres

1km = 1000m

0.5km= (0.5km x 1000) m

= 5/10 x 1000) m

= 5x100

= 500m

3. Express 12m as centimeters

1m = 100cm

12m = 12 x 100

= 1200cm

4. Change 5 Hectometres to Deca metres

1Hm = 10Dm

5Hm = 5x10

= 50Dm

ACTIVITY

Express the following as instructed.

1. 0.93km as metres

2. 6Hm as cm

3. 1 ½ km as Dm

4. 6Hm as metres

4
5. 9m as Cm

6. 0.9Km as Hm

7. 2 ½ Km as metres

8. 1.2m as dm

9. 0.5dm as millimeters

10. 7Dm as mm

11. 2.5km as metres

12. 0.25m as cm

EXPRESSING SMALLER UNITS TO BIGGER UNITS IN LENGTH

1. Express 2000m to km

1000m = 1km

1m = 1/1000km

2000m = (1/1000 x 2000) km

2
= 2000km
1000

1 = 2000m = 2km

2. Change 50cm to metres

100cm = 1m
1cm = 1/100m
50cm = 1/100 x 50) m
1
= 50
100
2
50cm = ½m
or 0.5m
5
3. Express 2500mm as decimeters

100mm = 1dm

1mm = 1/100dm

2500mm = 1/100 x 2500) dm

1/100 x 2500
= 25dm
2500mm = 25dm
4. Convert 2750m to km
100m = 1km
1m = 1/1000km

2750m= 1/1000 x 2750) km

275
= 2750
1000
100

= 275
100

2750m = 2.75km

ACTIVITY

1. Express the following as instructed

2. 6000m as dm

3. 9000dm as cm

4. 2500m as Hm

5. 500m as km

6. 3400dm as Dm

CONVERSION OF BIGGER UNITS TO SMALLER UNITS IN WEIGHT

6
1. Express 2kg as grammes

1kg = 1000g

2kg = 2x1000

= 2000g

2. Change 3 ½ kg as grammes

1kg = 1000g

3 ½ kg = 3 ½ x 1000

500
= 7 x 1000
2
1

= 7 x500

= 3500g

3. Change 0.5Hg to Dg

1Hg = 10Dg

0.5Hg = 0.5 x 10Dg

1
= 5 x 10Dg
10
1

= 5x1

0.5Hg = 5Dg

ACTIVITY

Change the following as instructed

1. 4kg to grammes

7
2. 0.5kg to grammes

3. ½ Hg to grammes

4. ¼ g to mg

5. 3g to mg

6. 1kg to g

7. 2 ½ kg to Dg

8. 1 ½ kg to g

9. 0.4 Hg to dg

10. 0.25kg to g

CHANGING FROM SMALLER UNITS TO BIGGER UNITS IN WEIGHT

1. Express 400g as kg

1000g= 1kg

1g = 1
1000kg

440g = 1x4000
1000

4
= 4000
1000
1

4000g = 4kg

2. Express 3700g as kg

100g = 1kg

1g = 1
1000kg

8
 3700g= (1 x3700) kg
1000

37
= 3700kg
1000
10

= 37kg
10

3700 = 3.7kg

ACTIVITY

Express the following grammes as kg

1. 3000g as kg

2. 1500dg as Hg

3. 200dg as g

4. 30000g as Dg

5. 7500g to kg

6. 250g to kg

7. 3400g as kg

8. 4400cg as Hg

9. 7000dg as Hg

10. 6700mg as g

NAMES OF POLYGONS

A polygon is any figure that is closed and has sides.

Any three sided polygon is called a triangle

9
Examples

Isosceles scalene
Equilateral triangle triangle triangle

Right angled triangle

Any four sided polygon is called a quadrilateral

Rhombus
Kit
Rectangle e
Square

Parallelogra Trapezium Trapezium

m

 A five sided figures is a pentagon

 A six sided polygon is a hexagon

10
  A seven sided polygon is a Heptagon or Septagon

 An 8 sided polygon is an Octagon

 A 9 sided polygon is a nonagon

 A 10 sided polygon is a decagon

 An 11 sided polygon – Nuo-decagon

 A 12 sided polygon – Duo – decagon

ACTIVITY

Name the following polygons

1. A 3 sided polygon is called __________________

2. A six sided polygon is called _________________

3. A 5 sided polygon is called __________________

4. A 9 sided polygon is called __________________

5. Draw and name these polygons

a) Equilateral triangle

b) Isosceles triangle

c) Trapezium

d) Pentagon

e) Kite

ENDING PERIMETER OF REGULAR POLYGONS

Find the perimeter of these regular polygons

1. Perimeter = add all the sides

Perimeter = 5cm + 5cm + 5cm

Perimeter = 15cm

11
 5cm

2. Perimeter = sum of all sides

Perimeter = 10.5cm + 10.5cm +10.5cm + 10.5cm

+10.5cm +10.5cm+10.5cm

P=63.0cm

10cm

ACTIVITY

Find the perimeter of the following figures

1.

7cm

3.4cm

3.

12cm

4. Find the perimeter of a regular pentagon with one side 10cm.

5. What is the perimeter of a regular octagon with a side 4.2cm

6. An equilateral triangle has each side 7cm. What is its perimeter?

7. One side of a regular hexagon measures 5cm. Find its perimeter.

FINDING PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE

Perimeter is the way all round the polygon.

12
1. Find the perimeter of the rectangle below.

4cm

12cm

Perimeter = 2(L + W)

P=2(12cm + 4cm)

P=2(16cm)

P=2x16cm

P=32cm

2. A rectangle measures 15cm long and 8cm wide. Calculate its perimeter.

Perimeter =2(L + W)

P = 2(15cm + 8cm)

P = 2(23cm)

P = 2x23cm

P = 46cm

3. Calculate the perimeter of a rectangle

8cm

2cm Perimeter =2(L+W)

P=2(20cm + 8cm)

P=2x(28cm)

13
 P=2x28cm

P=56cm

ACTIVITY

1. Find the perimeter of the rectangles below.

a)

9cm 3.7cm

18cm 12cm

2. A rectangle measures 15cm long by 12cm wide. Find its perimeter.

3. Find the perimeter of the following figures.

b) (c)

a) 4.5cm 4cm 6cm

15cm 8cm 19cm

4. A rectangular field measures 40cm by 15cm. Calculate its perimeter.

5. Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 13cm and width 5cm.

FINDING ONE SIDE OF A REGULAR POLYGONG WHEN PERIMETER IS GIVEN

1. The perimeter of a square is 12cm. What is the length of each side?

A square has 4 sides

If 4 sides = 12cm

Let each side be L

L + L + L + L = 12cm

4L = 12cm

14
 3
4L = 12
4 4
1

L = 3cm

Each side is 3cm long

2. The perimeter of a polygon below is 24cm. How long is one of its sides?

If 6 sides = 24cm

Let each side be L

L+L+L+L+L+L= 24cm

6L = 24

4
6L 24
6 6
1 L= 4cm Each side is 4cm long

ACTIVITY

1. The polygon below has a perimeter of 15cm. Find the length of lien AB.

A B

2. Find the side of a square whose perimeter is 64cm.

15
3. A pentagon has a perimeter of 100cm. How long is each of its sides if they
are equal?

4. Find one side of a square whose perimeter is 138cm.

5. A rhombus has a perimeter of 32cm. How long is each of its sides?

6. The perimeter of a square is 112cm. Find the length of one side.

7. A regular pentagon has a perimeter of 225cm. Calculate the length of one

side.

FINDING ONE SIDE OF RECTANGLE WHEN PERIMETER IS GIVEN

1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 20cm. If its length is 4cm. Find its width.

4cm
P = 20cm W P = sum of all the sides

20cm = 4cm + 4cm + w + w

4cm 20cm = 8cm + 2w

20cm – 8cm = 2w

12cm = 2w
2 2

6cm = w

width = 6cm

2.The perimeter of a rectangle is 30cm and its width is 5cm. Find its length.

P= 2(L + W)

30cm = 2(L+5cm)

30cm = 2L+ 10cm

2L + 10cm = 30cm

16
 2L + 10 – 10 = 30cm – 10cm

2L = 20cm
2 2

L = 10cm

Length = 10cm

ACTIVITY

1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 20cm and its width is 3cm. Find its length.

2. The perimeter of a rectal is 28cm. Find its width in centimeters.

Width

8cm

3. Find the width of a rectangle with a length of 20cm and perimeter of 60cm.

4. The perimeter of a square below is 100cm. Find the length of its side in
centimeters.

Square

5. Find the length of a rectangle with a width of 8cm and perimeter of 24cm.

6. The perimeter of a rectangle is 40cm. Its length is 15cm. Find the width.

7. The perimeter of a square is 60cm. Find one side in centimeters.

FINDING AREA OF RECTANGLES

A rectangle is a four sided polygon with two opposite sides.

The longer side of a rectangle is the length (L) and the shorter side is the
width (W)

17
1. Find the area of the rectangle below.

A = Length x width
10cm A = 7cm x 4cm

7cm A = 28 cm2

2. Find the area of the rectangular floor whose length is 15m and width 10m.

A= Length x width
Floor 10m A = 15m x 10m

A = 150m2
15m

ACTIVITY

Find the area of the rectangles below

1.

9cm 2. 5dm

12cm 6dm

5c 20cm

3. 10cm 4. 30cm

5.

8cm
18
 4cm
6. Find the area of a rectangle whose length is 6m and width 4.5cm.

7. A rectangular piece of land measures 48m by 30m. What is its area?

8. A rectangular piece of cloth is 40 metres long and 3 metres wide. What is

its area?

9. Find the area of the rectangle below.

9cm

12 cm
10. A football field measures 150m by 60m. Find its area.

FINDING AREAS OF SQUARES

1. Find the area of a square below.

5cm

Area = side x side

Area = 5 x 5 (all sides are equal)

Area = 5cm x 5cm

Area = 25cm2

2. A square board has a side of 3cm

Find its area

19
 Area = side x side

Area = SxS

Area = 3cm x 3cm

Area = 9cm2

3. Find the area of a square below.

3.3cm

3.3cm

Area = side x side

Area = 5x5

Area = 3.3.cm x 3.3cm

Area = 3.3

x3.3
9 9
+99

10.89

A= 10.89cm2

ACTIVITY

Find the area of the squares below

1.

2.

6cm 4cm

20
 4. 5.

3.

2.5cm 9cm 13cm

6. Find the area of a square mat which is 4.5cm by 4.5cm

7. A square garden has a length of 55cm. Calculate its area.

8. A square measures 35cm by 35cm. Find its area.

9. A square room measures 40m by 40m. Find the area of the carpet that
covers the room exactly.

10. Find the area of the square below.

25cm

FINDING ONE SIDE OF A SQUARE WHEN AREA IS GIVEN

1. A square has an area of 25cm2. Find the size of each side.

Area = side x side

A = SxS side work

25cm2 = Sxs 5 25

25 = S2 5 5

√ 25 = √52 1

√5x 5 = √S x S √25 = 5

5 = side

each side = 5cm

ACTIVITY

21
1. Find the side of a square with an area of 16cm2

2. Find eth side of a square with an area of 48cm2

3. Work out the area of a square that has an area of 36cm2

4. A square has an area of 64cm2. Find the size of one side.

5. A square has an area of 8/cm2. Find length of each side.

6. Find the length of a square whose area is 100cm2.

7. Calculate the length of a square of area 144cm2.

FINDING AREA OF TRIANGLES

If you cut a rectangle through the diagonal get 2 equal triangles.

Diagonals ½

Area of the shaded triangle is ½ the area of the rectangle.

The area of triangle is ½ x L x W

We call the length and the width of a triangle a base (b) and a height (h)

A sign of a right angle h is often used to touch the base and the
height.

EXAMPLES
A

4cm

B 3cm C

2
22
 In this triangle, Area = ½ x 3cm x 4cm

BC is the base = 3cm Area = 3 x 2

AB is the height = 4cm Area = 6cm2

Area = ½ x base x height

Area = ½ bh

Area = ½ x 3cm x 4cm

2. A

7cm

B 10cm C

In this triangle

BC is the base = 10cm

AO is the height = 7cm

Area = ½ x base x height

½xbxh 5
A = ½ x 10cm x 7cm
A = 5cm X 7cm

A = 35cm2

3. A

height

6cm
23
 O 4cm B 5cm C

Area of the shaded part

In this triangle

BC is the base = 5cm

AO is the height = 6cm

Area = 1.12 x base x height

A =½xbxh
3
½ x 5cm x 6cm
1

= 5cm x 3cm

A = 15cm2

ACTIVITY

Find the area of the triangle below.

1. 2.

6cm 10cm
8cm

8cm 15cm

3. 4.

13cm 5cm
10cm
24
 5cm 10cm 12cm

5. 9cm 6. 6cm 4cm

6cm

12cm

7.

6cm

C
9cm B 5cm

8. Find the area of a triangle with a base of 3cm and height 10cm.

9. The area of a triangle is 24cm2. Its base is 8cm. Find its height.

10. Find the area of a triangle of 24cm base and height 18cm

FINDING AREA BY SEPARATING FIGURES

1. Find the area of the figure below.

4cm

A 3cm

6cm 5cm

B 3cm

9cm

25
 Area of A = L x W

A = 4cm x 3cm

A = 12cm2

Area of B = L x W

A = (9 x 3) cm

A = 27cm2

Area of figure = Area of A + area of B

= 12cm2 + 27cm2

= 39cm2

2. Find the area of the figure

8cm

6cm A B

12cm

Area of rectangle = L x W

A 6cm

8cm

8cm x 6cm

48cm2

Area of triangle

6cm B
26
 A=½xbxh
4cm A = ½ x 4cm x 6cm

A= 2cm x 6cm

A = 12cm2

Area of A + area of B

= 48cm2 + 12cm2 = 60cm2

Find area of the following figures

1. 6cm

3cm

3cm

12cm
2. 6cm 3. 6cm

8cm 6cm 3cm

3cm

12cm 2cm

4cm 12cm
4. 5.

6cm 8cm

8cm 12cm

6. 5cm 7. 2cm 3cm 2cm

8cm 3cm
27
 8cm 8cm

12cm

CALCULATING AREA OF SHADED AND UNSHADED REGIONS

1. Find the area of the shaded part.

4cm 6cm

6cm

10cm
Area of a big rectangle Area of a small rectangle
A=LxW A = L x W = 6cm x 4cm

A = 10cm x 6cm A = 24cm2

A = 60cm2

Area of shaded region=Area of big rectangle minus area of small rectangle.

= 60cm2 – 24cm2
= 36cm2
2. Area of rectangle

A=LxW

7cm A = 12cm x 7cm

4cm
6cm
A = 84cm2

12cm

Area of triangle

A=½xbxh Area of shaded part

A = ½ x 6cm x 4cm = 84cm2 – 12cm2

A = 12cm2 A = 72cm2
28
ACTIVITY

Find the area of the shaded part in the figures.

1.
6cm 7cm Find the area of un shaded part
7cm

8cm

3.
2. 7cm
9cm
7cm 9cm 11cm

10cm
10cm 15cm

18cm
4. 5.

10cm

13cm
5cm
12cm
12cm

6. 7.

7cm

4cm

29
 8cm 4cm 8cm

1. FINDING VOLUME

Find the number of:

i) Vertices - 8

ii) Edges - 12

iii) Faces - 6

Cuboid

2. 2 a long height

= 3x2x2 = 12 cubic units

2 along width volume = 12 cubic units

3 along length

2 cubes Length = 5 cubes

Width = 2 cubes

2 cubes Height = 2 cubes

5 cubes

Volume = L x w x h

Volume = 5cm x 2cm x 2cm

Volume = 10cm 2 x 2cm

Volume = 20cm3

It can also be written as 20 cubic cm

30
 4cm

3cm

6cm

a) Find the volume of the figure.

Volume = Length x width x height

Volume = L x w x h

Volume = 6cm x 3cm x 4cm

Volume = 6cm x 12cm2

Volume = 72cm3

2. Calculate the volume of the figure

5cm

8cm 4cm

Volume = L x w x h

31
 Volume = 8cm x 4cm x 5cm

Volume = 8cm x 20cm

= 160cm3

ACTIVITY 2.

Find the volume 2cm

1. 3cm 4cm

2cm 4cm 6cm

3. 4cm 4.

8cm

5cm

7cm

7cm 4cm

5. 4cm

6cm

5cm

2cm 9cm 12cm

7. Find the volume of a box whose length is 30cm, width is 10cm and height is
2cm.

8. A box measures 15cm by 8cm by 2cm. Calculate the volume of the box.

9. Find the volume of a box measuring 20cm by 6cm by 4cm.

VOLUME OF CUBES

32
A cube has all its faces equal. Each face is a square.

2cm

All sides are equal

2cm

2cm

1. Find the volume of a cube.

Volume = SxSxS

Volume = 3cm x 3cm x 3cm

3cm Volume = 9 x 3

= 27cm3

2. Find the volume of a cube below.

Volume = L x L x L

Volume = 4cm x 4cm x 4cm

4cm Volume = 64cm3

ACTIVITY

Find the volume of a cube whose side is;

1. 5cm

2. 6cm

3. 7dm

4. 8m

33
5. 3dm

6. 0.2cm

7. 10cm

8. 0.5m

9. 2.3cm

10. 3 ½ cm

FINDING ONE SIDE OF ACUBOID WHEN GIVEN VOLUME AND TWO SIDES

Example

1. Find the height of acuboid below whose volume is 180cm3.

9cm 4cm

Volume = length x width x height

180cm3 = 9cm x 4cm x h

180cm3 = 36cm2h

5 3 1
180cm = 36cm2h
36cm 2 = 36cm2
1 1

5cm = h

height = 5cm

34
 ACTIVITY

1. Find the height of the cuboid if its volume is 120cm 3.

5cm 6cm

2. Find the unknown sides in the figures below.

a) (b)

8cm Volume=420cm3 8cm

Volume=168cm3 w 15cm

L 3cm

c) h

Volume=135cm3

5cm 3cm

3. The volume of the cuboid is 60cm3. Find the width of the cuboid if its
length and height are 5cm and 3cm respectively.

4. Given the volume of a cuboid is 72cm3. Find the height of the cuboid if its
length is 8cm and width 3cm

TOTAL SURFACE AREA (TSA) OF CUBOIDS AND CUBES

Examples

1. Find the total surface area of the figure below.

35
 4cm

3cm

6cm

Total surface area (TSA) = 2(L x w) + 2(wxh) +2 (Lxh)

= 2(6cm x 3cm) + (2(3m x 4cm) +2(6cmx4cm)

= 2(18cm2) + 2(12cm2) + 2(24cm2)

= 36cm2 + 24cm2 + 48cm2

= 108cm2

2. Find the total surface area of the cube below.

3cm

T.S.A = 6(5x5)

= 6(3cm x 3xm)

= 6 x 9cm2

= 54cm2

ACTIVITY

Find the total surface area of the following.

1. 3cm 5cm

36
 2.

4cm 2cm 6cm 3cm

5cm

3.

12cm 4cm
4cm

5. Find the TSA of a box whose length is 9cm, width 10cm and height 3cm.

7. Find the TSA of a cube measuring 5cm.

THE 12 – HOUR CLOCK AND THE 24 HORU CLOCK TIME

NOTE:

A new day begins just after midnight and ends at midnight.

One day has 24 hours.

a.m means ANTEMERIDIEM (Morning time)

p.m means POST MERIDIEM (afternoon or evening time)

TELLING TIME USING a.m and p.m

We use a.m after midnight and in the morning and p.m in the afternoon
and evening.

Examples

Write the time shown on the clock face.

Evening Morning

12
12 11 1
11 1
10 2
10 2
37 9 3
9 3
8 4
8 4
5 7 5
7 6 6
 It is 3 O’clock in the evening or It is 9 O’clock in the morning or

3:00p.m 9:00a.m

Afternoon Afternoon
12
12 11 1
11 1
10 2
10 2

9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4

7 5 7 5
6 6

It is 10 minutes to 3 O’clock in the It is 20 minutes past 1 O’clock in the

afternoon or 2:50pm. afternoon or 1:20pm.

ACTIVITY

Write the time on the clock face using a.m or p.m

38
COMPARISING 12 HOUR CLOCK TIME AS a.m AND p.m WITH 24 HOUR CLOCK TIME GIVEN IN
HORUS
12 HOUR CLOCK 24 HOUR CLOCK
12 midnight 24.00hrs (Full day)
11.00pm 23.00hrs
10.00p.m 22.00hrs
9.00p.m 21.00hrs
8.00p.m 20.00hrs
7.00p.m 19.00hrs
6.00p.m 18.00hrs
5.00p.m 17.00hrs
4.00p.m 16.00hrs
3.00p.m 15.00hrs
2.00p.m 14.00hrs
1.00p.m 13.00hrs
12.00 mid-day 12.00hrs (1/2 day)
11.00a.m 11.00hrs
10.00a.m 10.00hrs
9.00a.m 09.00hrs
8.00a.m 08.00hrs
7.00a.m 07.00hrs
6.00a.m 06.00hrs (sum raising)

39
 5.00a.m 05.00hrs
4.00a.m 04.00hrs
3.00a.m 03.00hrs
2.00a.m 02.00hrs
1.00a.m 01.00hrs
12.00midnight 00.00hrs(New day starts)
CHANGING 12 HOUR CLOCK TO 24 HOUR CLOCK TIME
Express 3.45a.m in 24hour clock time.
= 3.45
+ 00.00
03.45 = 03.45hrs
3.45am = 03.45hrs.
When time is given in a.m, we add 00.00hrs

2. Change 7.00p.m to 24 hour clock

= 7.00p.m
+12.00
19.00hrs 7.00pm = 19.00hrs
When time is given in p.m, we add 12.00hrs

3. Change 2.30a.m to 24hr clock.

= 2.30
+ 00.00
02.30 02.30hrs

4. Change 9.40p.m to 24hr clock

= 9.40pm

+12.00

21.40 = 21.40hrs

5. Change 07.30a.m to 24hr clock

40
 = 7.30am
+00.00
07.30 = 07.30hrs

ACTIVITY

Change the following to 24hr clock.

1. 1.00a.m

2. 3.00a.m

3. 7.00a.m

4. 9.00a.m

5. 12.00 Noon

6. 2.00p.m

7. 4.00p.m

8. 6.00p.m

9. 10.00p.m

10. 1.30p.m

CHANGING 24 HOUR CLOCK TO 12 HOUR CLOCK

1. Write 02.00hrs in the hour clock time.

= 02.00hrs
- 00.00
02.00 = 2.00hrs = 2.00a.m

2. Change 15.00hrs to a 12 hour clock time.

= 15.00hrs
- 12.00
03.00 = 3.00hr
15.00hrs = 3.00pm
41
3. Change 07.30hrs to the 12 hour clock time

= 07.30hrs
-00.00
7.30 = 7.30a.m

4. Change 23.10hrs in the 12 hour clock time

= 23.10
- 12.00
11.10 = 11.10pm
23.10hrs = 11.10p.m
ACTIVITY

Change to 12 hour clock

1. 01.00hrs

2. 03.00hrs

3. 09.00hrs

4. 07.00hrs

5. 10.00hrs

6. 11.00hrs

7. 12.00hrs

8. 16.00hrs

9. 24.00

10. 02.15hrs

FINDING DURATION (Length of time)

1. The bys started its journey to Mbale at 9.00a.m and reached the town at
1.30p.m. How long did the journey take?

hrs minutes

42
 12 : 00noon

-9 : 00am = 3hrs

3 . 00___ = 3hrs 00min

+ 1hr 30min

4hrs 30min

2. A school assembly started at 8.45a.m and ended at 10.00 am. How long did
it last?

= 10.00a.m
-8.45 a.m = 9.60
1.15 a.m - 8 45
1.15

It lasted for 1 hr 15 min

3. Luta started walking from home to school at 7:15 a.m and reached the
school at 9:15a.m. How long did it take her to reach school?

= hrs min
9 : 15a.m
- 7 : 15a.m
2 : 00___
She took 2 Hours.

ACTIVITY

1. A mathematics lesson started at 10.50a.m and ended at 11.40a.m. How

long was the lesson?

2. A church service began at 9.30am and ended at 11.00am. How long was
the service?

3. We started our morning lessons at 8:05a.m and ended at 11.15a.m. How

long did it take?

43
4. The examinatio0n started at 8:30a.m and end at 10:45a.m. How long did it
take?

5. A show at the National theatre started at 8.20 lm and ended at

11.10pm.How long was the show?

6. A football match started at 8.50am and ended at 12.05p.m. How long was
the match?

7. How long is it from 1:25a.m to 1:00p.m?

8. A bus travelled from Kampala at 2:00p.m and reached Kabarole at 5:20p.m.

How long did it take?

FINDING DISTANCE, SPEED AND TIME

FINDING DISTANCE

S T

To find distance, we multiply speed by time.

Distance = speed x Time

D =SxT

Distance is commonly given in km.

1. Find the distance a driver covers in 3 hours at a speed of 90km per hours.

Distance = speed x time

Distance = SxT

= 90km/hr x 3 hours

= 90 x 3

44
 Distance = 270km

2. A cyclist rode for 4 hours at a speed of 75km per hour. Find the distance he
travelled.
Distance = sped x time
Distance = 75km/hr x 4 hours
= 300km

3. A bus moved from Kampala to Mbale at a speed of 120km per hour for 5
hours.

Find the distance covered Distance = 600km

Distance = speed x Time
Distance = 120km / hr x 5 hours
120 x 5

ACTIVITY

1. Fid the distance covered by a cyclist at 90km per hour for 3 hours.

2. A school truck travelled for 2 ½ hours at an average speed of 60km per

hour. What distance did it covered?

3. A car travelled for 6 hours at an average speed of 75km/hr. What distance

did it cover?

4. My father travelled in a car at a speed of 80km per hour for 7 hours.

Calculate the total distance he covered.

5. A tourist moved from Kampala to Kapchorwa at an average speed of

125kmp.h. Find the distance he covered.

6. Omonya moved from Masaka to Lira at a speed of 80km.p.h for 8 1/2 hrs.
What distance did he cover?

7. A car travelled for 4 ½ hours at an average speed of 84k per hour. How
long was the journey?

45
 FINDING TIME (When distance and speed is given)

D To find time (T) we divide distance by speed.

Time = Distance
S T speed

T = D
S

Time is always calculated in hours, minutes and seconds.

1. Calculate the time taken by a car travelling at 60k.p to cover a distance of

480km.
Time = Distance ÷ speed

Time = D
S
Time = 480km
60 km/hr

Time = 8 hours
2. A driver covered a journey if 240km at a speed of 80km per hour.
Calculate the time he took.
Time = Distance
Speed

Time = 240km
80km/hr
= 24
46
 8

Time = 3 hours

ACTIVITY

1. Mugoda has to cover a journey of 320km at a speed of 80km per hour.

What time does he need?

2. What time is needed to cover a journey of 80km at a speed of 60km per

hour?

3. Calculate the time required for a pupil to walk a distance of 6km at a speed
of 2km.p.h.

4. Find the time taken for a bus to travel from Kampala to Tororo a distance of
640km at a speed of 80km.p.h.

5. Nakitto covered a journey of 128km at a speed of 64km per hour. What

time did she take?

6. A bus moved from Kampala to Arua at a speed of 120km per hour to cover
a distance of 600km. What time is needed to cover the distance?

7. Find the time needed to cover a distance of 960km at a speed of 20km per
hour.

FINDING SPEED (When distance and time is given)

D To find speed, we divide the distance by time.

Speed = Distance
S T Time

S = D
T

Speed is calculated in km/hr, metres/min etc

1. What is the average speed of a cyclist who travelled and completed a

distance of 150km in 3 hours?
47
 Speed = Distance ÷ time

= 150km÷3hrs
50
= 150
3
1

Speed = 50km/hr

2. A driver covered a journey of 200km in 2 hours. At what speed was he

travelling?

Speed = Distance ÷ time

= 200km ÷ 2hours

100
= 200
2
1
Speed = 100km/hr

ACTIVITY

1. Find the speed a motorist needs to cover a distance of 360km in just 3

hours.

2. A taxi driver covered a journey of 320km in 4 hours. At what speed was he

driving?

3. Find the average at which a car should driver if he is to cover 365km in 5

hours.

4. A driver covered a distance of 720km in 4 hours. Find the average speed at

which he is driving.

5. Alobo travelled from Kitgum to Luwero a distance of 6/6km in 7 hours. Find

the average speed at which he was driving.

6. Matsiko spent 8 hours on his way from Kampala to Masaka a distance of

560km. At what speed was he travelling?
48
7. A cyclist covered a distance of 60km in 2 ½ hours. At what speed was he
cycling?

8. An athlete covered 5km in ½ an hour. At what speed was she running?

SIMPLE RATES AND PROPORTION

1. A book costs 500/=. What is the cost of three such books?

1 book costs shs. 500

3 books will cost 3x500

= 500

x 3

1500

3 books will cost 1500

2. 6 pens cost shs. 900. What is the cost of 1 pen?

6pens cost 900/=
1 pen will cost 900
6
1 pen will cost 150/=

3. 5 shirts cost 5000=. Find the cost of 12 similar shirts.

5 shirts cost 5000

1 shirt will cost 5000

5

= 1000

Therefore 12 shirts will cost 12 x1000

= 12000/=
4. 12 books cost 2400/=. Find the cost of 8similar books.

12books cost 2400/= Therefore 8 books cost 8 x 200

1 book costs 2400
49
 12 = 1600/=

= 200/-

ACTIVITY

1. The cost of 2 books is 2400/=. What is the cost of one book?

2. The cost of 1 table is 10,500/=. Find the cost of similar tables.

3. Find the cost of 15 coloured pencils if each pencil costs 250/=.

4. A leap of 20 oranges cost shs.1000. Find the cost of one orange.

5. 1 kg of sugar costs 1250/= Find the cost of 5kg.

6. 3 pencils cost 450/=. What is the cost of 10 pencils?

7. 5 bags of cement weigh 250kg. What is the weigh of 4 bags of cement?

8. A dozen of dressing costs shs.28, 500, find the cost of one dress.

9. A pair of shoes costs shs.5000. How much shall 1 pay for 3 pairs.

10. 6 pens cost 1200/=. Find the cost of 15 similar pens.

SHOPPING BILLS AND BALANCES

1. A man had 500/=. He bought 2kg of sugar at 1200/= per kg.

3 bars of soap at 700/= a bar

How much balance did he have left?

Sugar Soap Total Balance

1200/= x 2 700 x 3 2400 + 2100 5000- 4500

2400/= 2100/= 4500 500/=

Balance left was 500=

50
2. A mother bought the following items from one shop.
4kg of rice at 800/= per kg.
500g (1/2 kg) of salt at 800 a kilo

1 bunch of matooke at 6000/-

If she had shs.10, 000/=, how much change did she have left?

Rice Salt Matooke Total Balance

800 x 4 800 x ½ 600 x 1 3200 10,000

400 -9600
6000
3200= 400= 6000 9600 400

The balance left was 400.

ACTIVITY

1. A mother had 5000= and bought the following items.

12 books at 100/= each

Geometry set at 1500/=

2 pencils at 200/= each

a) Find the her total expenditure

b) How much balance did she have left?

2. Amos bought the following items from the market.

5 kg of meat at shs. 2200 each

500g (1/2 kg) salt at shs.900 a kg

2 bars of soap at 1000 each

4kg of rice at 1500/= per kg

a) Calculate his total expenditure

b) Work out his balance

51
3. A trader bought the following items

20 pineapples at shs. 400/= each

2 tins of tomatoes at shs.6000/=

1 sack of oranges at shs. 12,000/=

a) How much money did she spend?

b) If she had 35,00/= find her balance.

5. Complete the table below.

Item Quantity Unit cost Total

Chicken 2birds Shs.3500 -
Sugar 3kg Shs.3500 -
Rice 5kg Shs.1000 -
bananas 2 bunches Shs.12000 -
Total -

6. Complete the shopping list below.

Item Quantity Unit cost Total

Meat 2 ½ kg 4000/=per kg -
Fish 6 pieces 1500/=each -
Rice 8kg 3000/=per kg -
Sugar 3 ¼ kg 4000=per kg -
Omo ½ kg Shs.3600 a kg -
Total -
TRANSPORT CHARGES

1. A taxi driver charges 2000/- for a trip from Kampala to Jinja per person.

a) How much will 7 people pay for the trip?

1 person pays 7000/-

7 people will pay 7 x 2000

52
 = 2000

x 7

14,000

7 people will pay 14,000/=

2. A taxi charges shs.5000 for a journey from Kampala to Gayaza town.

a) How much will 2 people pay from Kampala to Gayaza?

b) A man boards a taxi with his wife and 3 of his grown up children to Gayaza.
How much will the whole family pay?

3. It costs 5000/= for a person to travel from Kampala to Mbale. A taxi carries
14 people. How much will he collect from them?

4. It cost 2000/= to move from Jinja to Iganga.

a) How much will 5 people pay for a journey?

b) How much balance will 7 people receive if they had a 20,000 shilling note?

PROFIT AND LOSS

1. Sabit, bought a goat at shs.20, 000/= and later sold it at shs.25, 000. What
profit did he make?

Profit = Selling price – cost price

= 25000/= - 20,000/-

= shs.5000

2. The cost of a radio is shs.100, 000. If it is sold at shs.80, 000. Find the loss
made.

Loss = cost price – selling price

= 100,000/ - 80,000/-

53
 = shs.20, 000/-

ACTIVITY

1. The cost of a pair of shoes is shs.12, 500.

A trader sold it at 15,000/=. Calculate the profit made.

2. A tailor made a dress at a cost of shs.35, 000 and sold it at shs.22, 000.

What loss did she make?

3. The cost price of an article is shs.42, 700. If I sell it at shs.50, 000. What
profit do I make?

4. Batto bought a car at shs.7, 000,000 and later sold it to a friend at

shs.6, 300,000. Calculate the loss made.

5. A trader buys sugar from a whole sale shop at shs.1000 per kg and sells it at
shs.1200 per kg. Calculate his profit.

6. Adeke bought a suit at shs.135, 200 and sold it at shs.150, 000. How much
profit did he make?

7. The cost of a radio is shs.150, 000. If it is sold at shs.127, 000. Find the loss
made.

8. Musa bought a suit at shs.270, 000 it at shs.185, 000. What loss did he
make?

9. Mukama bought a bag of sugar at shs.90, 000 and sold it at a reduced price
of 75,000. Find the loss he made.

10. The cost of one packet of milk was 25,000. A trader sold it at shs.19, 000.
Find the loss made.

54
TOPIC: ALGEBRA

SUBTOPICS

 Collecting like terms

 Collecting like terms and simplifying

 Forming Algebraic expressions from phrases

 Simplifying expressions by Removing brackets

 Simplifying Algebraic expressions

 Substitution (value expressions)

 Solving equations by subtracting

 Solving equations by adding

 Finding unknowns by

a) Squaring

b) Using square roots

 Finding sides of squares using square roots

 Finding the unknown sides of a figure using the perimeter

 Finding unknown sides of figure when area is given

 Finding the missing sides when volume is given

 Solving equations by dividing

 Solving fractional equations

 Forming and solving equations involving fractions

 Application of algebra

ALGEBRA

55
Collecting like terms
How many altogether?
1 pen + 1pen + 1pen + 1pen
1 p + 1p + 1p + 1p
4p
4pens
4b + 3b – 5b
7b – 5b
2b
5t – 9t + 7t
5t + 7t -9t
12t – 9t
3t

x+y+2x+yy
x+2x+y+4y
3x+5y
8w-3w-y
5w – y

9h +3k – 4h – k
9h – 4h + 3k – k
5h + 2k
Find the distance around the given figures

a+3

56
 a a+3+a+a+3+a

a+a+a+a+3+3

4a+6

ACTIVITY (Collecting like terms)

Work out algebraically by choosing the most suitable letter of the alphabet.

1. 2 bananas + 2 bananas

2. 4 cows + 4 cows + 10cows – 9 cows

3. 9 cats – 4 cats

4. 1 apple + 2 apples + 3 apples

5. 12 posts + 8posts – 10 posts

6. Three boys have. 5 books, 3books and 6 books respectively. How many
books do they have?

7. A farmer had 13 cows. He sold off 5 cows. How many cows remained?

See: (1) Exercise 12:2 page 268 Mk Math Book 5

(2) Exercise 17.1 page 256 understanding Maths

COLLECTION LIKE TERMS AND SIMPLIFYING

Example

1) Write in short form:

2 balls + 2pens + 1 ball + 2 pens

= (2 balls + 1 ball) + ( 2 pens + 2pens)

= 3 pens + 4 pens

2. Collect like terms

9 apples + 4 eggs – 5 apples

57
 = (9 apples 5 apples) + 4 eggs

= 4 apples + 4 eggs.

3. a + 2b + 3a

a + 2b + 3a = ( a + 3a) + 2b

= 4a + 2b

ACTIVITY

Write in short form

1. 2 mangoes + 3 apples + 3mangoes + 1 apple

2. 5 cats + 2dogs + 8 cats + 6 dogs

3. 10 oranges + 6 onions – 6 oranges

4. 10 cows + 8goats – 7 cows

Collect like terms and simplify where necessary:-

5. a + 2b + 8a
6. 4b + 6p + 5b + 2p
7. 4b + 26b – 7b
8. 14c – 4c – 5c
9. 20t – 8t + 2
10. 7y – 8m + y + 10m – 6
FORMING ALGERBRAIC EXPRESSIONS FROM ALGEBRAIC PHRASES
Examples
Phrase Expression
1. Add b to a a+b

2. Subtract b from a a–b

3. Multiply b by a ba

4. Divide 6 by a b/a

5. Add 5 from n n+5

58
6. Subtract 5 from n n-5

7. Multiply n by 5 n/5

8. Divide n by 5 n/5

9. 4 more than a a+4

10. x less than 12 12-x

11. 2 + x multiplied by 12 12(2+x)

12. Peter is 4 years older than x x +4 years

13. Double P 2p

14. Tripple a 3a

15. Square x2

16. Half y y/2

17. ¾ of n 3/4n

18. Average of x, b and c a+b+c

3

19. 2 books weigh 10 grams 2b = 10

ACTIVITY

1. A number multiplied by 3 gives 18

2. 10 less than a number is the save as 3

3. A number divided by 12 equals to 4

4. Khamis is 5 years older than Namuwenge

5. Alex is 10 years younger than Alice

6. Five boys shared shs.2500 equally

7. When P is multiplied by 2 the result is 6

59
8. Add 9 to a number, the result is fourteen

9. Five boys weigh 90kg

10. The sum of 2x, x and 12 is 30

11. When a number is divided by 3 and 4 added to the result, the answer is 10.

SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS BY REMOVING BRACKETS

(Understanding Maths books page 257 – 8)

1. Simplifying: 2(y+3) + 4(y +1)

2(y+3)+4(y+1) Remove brackets

= 2xy + 2x3 + 4xy + 4x1)

= 2y + 6 + 4y + 4

= (2y + 4y) + ( 6+ 4) Collecting like terms

= 6y + 10

2. Simplify: 4(t-3)+(5(2t + 4)

4(t-3) + 5(2t + 4) = 4x t – 4x3 +5x2t + 5x4

(Remove brackets)

= (4t + 10t) + (20 – 12)

= 14t + 8

ACTIVITY

Simplify the following expressions

1. (a) 3(m+2)+4(m-1) (b) 8(k-1) + 5(2k + 3)

2. (a) 5(3n +4) + 8 (2n – 2) (b) 16(x+3) +4(2x – 10)

3. 2(8t +5) +3(2t – 3) (b) 4(5y + 6) +3(4y-5)

SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

60
Writing algebraic expression in their shortest forms

Example

Write in short
q+7q+4q
12q
5d + 9d – 4d
14d – 4d
10d
10x – 3x + x
7x + x
8x
6ab – 2ab
4ab

ACTIVITY

Write the following in short

p+p+p+p

4b + 3b

2m + m + 7m
5t + 7t – 9t
2b + 2b
4c + 9c – 10c
2d + 3d + 4d
a + 2a + 3a
9c – 5c _ c
6x + 9x – 11x

SUBSTITUTION (VALUE EXPRESSIONS)

To substitute means to replace.
Example z = 2 and y = 4
61
a) Find the value of

i) z+y (ii) y
2+y z

2+4
6 4 =2
2
iii) 2z + 3y
2xz + 3xy (iv) z +4
(2x2) + (3x4) y z

4 + 12
16

v) zy + y 2+4
(zxy)+y 4 2
(2x4) + y 2+8
8 + y = 8+4 4
12 10
4
2½

vi) zy (vii) y2 – z2
zxy (yxy) – (zxz)
2x4 (4 x 4) – (2 x 2)
8 16 - 4
12
viii)z2 + y2
zxz + y x y
(2x2) + (4x4)
4 + 16
20
ACTIVITY
Given that the value of a = 2, b=3, C=4 and v= 1 ½
Find the value of the following’
1. a + b + c
62
2. 4a + 3a + ca
3. 2a + 3c – b
4. 4a + cv
5. a + b - b
b c
6. b + 3ca
7. 2a + 2b + 3c
8. 8a – b – c
9. 11a – b + c
10.16a + 2v
11.A x b x v
12.a + v
b
13.acb
c
14.¼ acb
15.a + b
c c

63
 MORE SUBSTITUTION
If a = 2, b= 4 and c=6 v) ac - ab
Evaluate the following axc – axb
1. a+b+c (2x6) - axb
2+4+6 12 - 8
12 4
ii) abc
axbxc vi) ac
2x4x6 b
8x6 axc
48 b
iii) a + b
b c 2x6
2 +4 4
4 6
6 + 8 12
12 4
14
12 3
11
6 vii) a + b - c
iv) ab + cb 2+4-6
axb + cxb 6-6
(2x4) + (6 x 4) 0
32 viii) 2a + b + 3c
2xa+b+3xc
(2x2) + 4(3x6)
4 + 4 + 18

26

64
 More substitution

c) If h = 2

Find the value of 5h

5h means 5 x h

5x2

10

What is the value of 7d if d = 6

7d means

7xd

7x6

42

If y = 6

What is the value of 24

Y

24 means 24 ÷ y
y

24 ÷ 6

=4

If x = 10

What is the value of x ?

2
X is the same as x ÷ 2
10 ÷ 2

= 5
65
 If y = 1

What is the value of 8y

8y means 8 x y

8x1

If a = 12. What is the value of:

i) a
3
12
3
4
ii) 2a
3
2 x 12
3
24
3
8
iii) ½a
½xa
½ x 12
1 x 12
2 =6

iv) 24
a
24
12
2
ACTIVITY

If P = 2, q = 4 and r = 8

Evaluate the following:

1. q+p+c=

66
2. ½r + ¼ q =

3. pr
q

4. pqr =
8

5. p + q
q r

6. q - p
r q

7. 4p + q – r

8. ½r+½q–½p=

Solving equations by subtracting

Example

1. Solve

n + 5 = 11

n + 5 – 5 = 11 – 5

n = 6

ii) 30 + g = 50

30 – 30 + g = 50 – 30

g = 20

iii) Ten plus a number gives 32. What is the number?

10 + n = 32

10 – 10 + n = 32 – 10

n = 22

67
 Therefore the number is 22

iv) What number when added to 19 gives 30 as the answer?

Let the number be y

19 + y = 30

19 – 19 + y = 30 – 19

y = 11

Therefore the number is 11

v) n + 7 = 13
n + 7 – 7 = 13 – 7
n = 6
vi) a + 16 = 20
a + 16 – 16 = 20 – 16
a=4

vii) + 8 = 14

+ 8 – 8 = 14 – 8

=6

viii) 7+ = 13

7–7+ =13-7

=6

Exercise 12: 10 Page 272 MK Books

Solving equations by adding

Example

Solve
68
i) n–5=3

n–5+5=3+5

n =8

ii) x – 17 = 23

x – 17 + 17 = 23 + 17

x = 40

iii) When 3 is subtracted from a number the answer is 10. What is the

number?

Let the number be a

a – 3 = 10

a – 3 + 3 = 10 + 3

a = 13

Therefore the number is 13

iv) I think of a number take away 5 from it the result is 8. What is the
number?

M–5=8

M–5+5=8+5

M = 13

v) d – 20 = 13

d – 20 + 20 = 13 + 20

d = 33

vi) y – 11 = 5

y – 11 + 11 = 5 + 11

69
 y = 16

vii) - 5 = 8

- 5 + 5=8+5

= 13

viii) 6 – x = 14

6 – 6 – x = 14 – 6

-x = 8

-1 -1

X = -8

ACTIVITY

Exercise 12”9, 12:10 on page 274 and 275 MK Book 5

SOLVING MORE EQUATIONS

Example

1. Solve 2x + 5 = 17

2x + 5 – 5 = 17 – 5

2x = 12
2 2

X = 6

Ii) Solve 4a + 2a + 5 = 23

6a + 5 = 23

6a + 5 – 5= 23 – 5

70
 6a = 18
6 6

a = 3

iii) Solve 5a – 2a – 3 – 12 = 0

3a – 15 = 0
3a – 15 + 15 = 0 + 15
3a = 15
3 3
a = 5

iv) Solve 3x – 8 = x
3x – x – 8 = x –x
2x – 8 + 8 = 0 + 8
2x – 8 + 8 = 0 + 8
2x = 8
2 2
X= 4

FINDING THE UNKNOWN INVOLVING SQUARES

NOTE: Multiplying a number by itself gives a square.
 A number multiplied itself to get a square is the square root.
 The symbol for square root is √

Example
Work out the squares of the following.
a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 10 (d) 8
2x2 4x4 10x10 8x8
4 16 100 64

Finding square roots

1. Solve x2 = 4

√x2 = √4
71
 √x+x = √2x2

x=2

ii) a2 = 144

√a2 = √144

√axa = √12 x12

a = 12

ACTIVITY

Exercise 12:16 page 280 MK Maths books

FINDING THE SIDES OF THE SQUARE USING THE SQUARE ROOT

Example
1. The area of the square is 9cm2

Find its sides

Side x side = Area

Let the side be y

y x y =Area

y2 = 9cm2

√y2 = √9cm2

√yxy = √3cm x 3cm

y = 3cm

ii) The area of the square compound is 100m2. Find the sides in metres.

Side x side = 100m2

52 = 100m2 9cm y

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 √5x5 = √10m x 10m

S = 10m
iii) What is the side the square whose area is 16cm2?

SxS = 16cm2

52 = 16cm2

√52 = √16cm2

√SxS = √4cm x 4cm

S = 4cm

FINDING THE UNKNOWN SIDE OF A FIGURE WHEN THE PERIMETER IS

GIVEN

Example

1. The perimeter of a square is 36cm. Find its side in centimeters.

S+S+S+s = 36cm

4S = 36cm

4 4

S = 9cm

ii) The perimeter of a rectangle is 40cm. Its length is 15cm. Find its width.

L+w+L+W = Perimeter

15cm + w + 15cm + w = 40cm

15cm + 15cm + w + w = 40cm

30cm – 30cm + 2w = 40cm – 30cm

2w = 10cm
2 2

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 w = 5c

ACTIVITY

Exercise

12: 20 on page 284 – 285 MK Maths Books

Nos 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 - for squares and

Nos 2, 4, 6 and 8 – for rectangle.

FINDING THE UNKNOWN SIDE WHEN THE AREA IS GIVEN

Example

The area of a rectangle is 32cm2. Its length is 8cm. Find its width

Length x width = Area

8cm x w = 32cm2

8cmw = 32cm2-1
8cm

w = 4cm

ii) The area of a rectangular figure is 24m2. Its Width is 4m. Find its length.

Length x width = Area

L x 4m = 24m2

4cm L

4cm2 = 24m2-1
4cm 4cm

L = 6m

Therefore the length of the rectangular figure is 6metres.

ACTIVITY

Exercise 12:2 as page 286 No. 1 – 7 MK Book 5

74
 FINDING THE MISSING SIDE WHEN THE VOLUME SI GIVEN

EXAMPLE

i) The volume of a box is 60cm3. Its length is 5cm and width 4cm. Find its
height.

LxWxH = Volume

5cm x 4cm x H = 60cm3

20cm2H = 60cm3-2
20cm2 20cm2-2

H = 3cm

Therefore the height = 3cm

ii) The volume of acuboid is 80cm3. Its length is 8cm and height is 2cm. What
is its width?

LxWxH = Volume

8cm x w x 2cm = 80cm3

16cm2 = 80cm3-2

16cm2W = 80cm3-2

16cm2 16cm2-2
W = 5cm

Therefore the width = 5cm

ACTIVITY

Exercise 12:22 MK Mathematics Book 5 page 287

SOLVING EQUATIONS BY DIVIDING

Examples

75
 Solve:

i) 5a = 20

ii) 12a= 144

Solution

i) 5a = 20

5a 1 = 20 4 (Divide each side by 5)

5 1 51

a = 4

ii) 12a = 144

1 12 (Dividing each side by 12)

12a = 144
12 1 12 1

a = 12

ACTIVITY: (Exercise 12:11 Page 276 MK Maths Book 5)

Solve for the unknown:

1. 4x = 16

2. 3x = 24

3. 11x = 165

4. 15n = 225

5. 37=y = 108

WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING SOLVING EQUATIONS BY DIVIDING

Examples

1. The length of a rectangle is 9cm and the width is w cm. If its area is 72cm 2

Lxw = Area

76
 9xw = 72cm2

9w = 72cm2
1 8
9w = 72cm x cm
9 1 9cm 1

w = 8cm

Therefore the width of the rectangle is 8cm.

ACTIVITY (Exercise 12:12 page 276 MK Maths Bk 5)

1. Cherimo collected 40 mangoes in 5 baskets. How many mangoes were in

each basket?

2. What number when multiplied by 2 gives the answer as 30?

3. A pen costs 2p/= and a book costs shs.p. If the total cost of the books and
pens is shs.300, find the cost of the book.

ACTIVITY 2: (Exercise 12:13 on page 277 MK Book 5)

Nos 1 – 25

SOLVING EQUATIONS INVOLVING FRACTIONS

Examples

1. Solve: x = 4
3

x = 4
3 (Multiply each side by 3)

3xx = 4x3
3

x = 12

77
 ACTIVITY

a) Find the value of the letters:

i) a = 9
4

ii) b = 4
5

iii) m = 8
7
b) iv) 6=e
i) 2p = 4 7
3

ii) 4b = 4 v) p = 12
5 10

iii) 3m = 12
4 vi) 20 = n
3

FORMING AND SOLVING MORE EQUATIONS INVOLVING FRACTIONS

Examples

1. What number when divided by 4 gives 3?

Let n be the number.

n = 3

n = 3
4 1 (The LCD of 4 and 1 = 4)

4xn = 3x4 (Multiply each side by the LCD=4)

4
78
 n = 12

Therefore the number is 12

2. A man divided his money among his 3 children and each got shs.450.

How much money did he give out?

Let the amount of money he had be m.

Each child got ---------- (m)

3

m = 450
3
m = 450 (LCD of 3 and 1 = 3)
3 1
3xm = 450 x 3
3 1

m = 1350

Therefore the man gave out 1,350/-

ACTIVITY

Express each of the below statements as equations and solve:

1. A father divided some money between two children and each one go
shs.150. How much did the father give out?

2. What number when divide by 7 gives 6?

3. When shs.x is shared by 6 boys each gets shs.150. Find the value of x.

4. The teacher gave exercise books to 25 pupils and each one got 10 books.

How many books did the teacher have?

79
Ref: Exercise 12:19 on page 283 MK Maths Book 5

APPLICATION OF ALGEBRA

Examples

1. Wamala had some books. He got 3 books. Altogether he had 7 books.

How many books did he have before?

Let the books be m

He got 3 more books

He had m + 3 books

Altogether m + 3 = 7

m + 3 – 3 7-3

m = 4

He had 4 books

ii) Alex had some goats. When he sold 5 of them he remained with 9 goats.
How many goats had he before?

Let the number of goats he had be g.

He sold 5 goats

Goats left are g – 5

Therefore g – 5 = 9

g – 5 + 5 = 9+5

g = 14

Alex had 14 goats

iii) There are 4 groups in a class. Each group has the same number of pupils.
Altogether there are 40 pupils. How many pupils are in each group?

Let the pupils in each group be c

80
 There are 4 groups

Altogether = 4xc pupils

4c = 40

4 4

c = 10

Each group has 10 pupils

iv) Alice had some balls; she divided them into 4 groups. If there were 12 balls
in each group, how many balls did she have altogether?

Let the balls be b

She made 4 groups

This is b ÷4 groups

Therefore b ÷ 4 = 12

b÷4 x 4 = 12 x 4

b = 48

Therefore the balls were48

v) Find the value of P in centimeters of the figure below.

5p -3cm

p + 2cm

3p + 5cm

Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal

5p – 3cm = 3p + 5cm

5p-3p-3cm=3p-3p+5cm

81
 2p -3cm + 3cm = 5cm + 3cm

2p – 3c + 3cm = 5cm + 3cm

2p = 8cm
2 2

P = 4cm

a) Find the actual length of the figure.

5p – 3cm

5xp – 3cm

5x4cm – 3cm

20cm – 3cm

17cm

b) Work out the actual width of the figure

p + 2cm

4cm + 2cm

= 6cm

c) Calculate the perimeter of the figure

p = 2(L + W)

= 2L + 2W

2 x L + 2xw

( 2x 17cm) + (2x6cm)

34cm + 12cm

= 46cm

d) Find the area of the figure

82
 A= LxW

= 17cm x 6cm

= 17x6xcmxcm

= 102cm2

Ref: Understanding Mathematics Book 5 Page 263 to 264)

ACTIVITY (Understanding Mathematics pupils book 5 pages 263 – 4)

1. The length of a rectangle is is 2x + 6 and the breadth is 9cm.

a) Write an expression for the area

b) Write the expression for perimeter

c) Simplify the expression in (a) above.

d) If the area of the rectangle is 108cm2. Find the value of x.

2.

Find the perimeter

acm

3. The length of rectangle ABCD s 8cm and width is 5cm

Find the area

4.

a) Find the perimeter of the given triangle

83
b) If the perimeter is 21cm, find the value of x.

5. If the perimeter of a square is given by the formula 4L = 32, find the value
of L.
6. The length of a rectangle is (5x – 3) cm and the width is (3x + 7) cm.

a) Write the expression for the perimeter of the rectangle.

b) Simplify the expression in (a) above

c) If the perimeter is 40cm, find the value of x

84