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Experiment 1 Advance Study Assignment

Determination of the Total Acidity of Vinegar

A. Acid Base Reaction

The compound potassium hydrogen phthalate, abbreviated as KHP, is a common primary standard used in the
standardization of a strong base titrant. It is a monoprotic acid and reacts on a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with
NaOH.

1. Write the chemical formula of potassium hydrogen phthalate. KHC₈H₄O₄.

2. Draw the missing atoms to complete the structure of potassium hydrogen phthalate and encircle the acidic hydrogen.

B. Standardization of a Basic Solution

A 0.4047 g sample of primary standard grade potassium hydrogen phthalate (M.M. = 204.23) was dissolved
in distilled H2O. The solution required 22.42 mL of the NaOH solution to reach the phenolphthalein end
point.

1. Calculate the number of moles of KHP.

Given: Mass of KHP = 0.4047 g; Molar Mass of KHP = 204. g/mol
Required: Moles of KHP
Equation:

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃 =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃
Solution:

0.4047 𝑔
=
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 1.98 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Answer: The number of moles of KHP is 1.98 × 10−3 moles

2. How many moles of NaOH will react with the KHP dissolved in water?
Given: Mass of KHP = 0.4047 g; Molar Mass of KHP = 204.23 g/mol; Volume of NaOH solution = 22.42 mL
Since KHP reacts with NaOH in a 1:1 molar ratio, NaOH = KHP

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 1.98 × 10−3

The number of moles of NaOH that reacted is 1.98 × 10−3 moles

3. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution.

Given: Mass of KHP = 0.4047 g; MM of KHP = 204.23 g/mol; Volume of NaOH solution = 0.02242 L
Required: Molarity of NaOH
Equation:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃 = & 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 =
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(𝐿)
Solution:

0.4047 𝑔
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.001982 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

0.001982 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
0.02242 𝐿

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 0.08838 𝑀

Answer: The molarity of the NaOH solution is 8.84 × 10−2

4. Analysis of Vinegar
A 25.00 mL vinegar sample was diluted to 250-mL using a volumetric flask. A 50.00 mL aliquot portion of
the dilute vinegar solution needed 35.45 mL of 0.1200 M NaOH to reach the phenolphthalein end point.

1. Calculate the number of moles of NaOH required to reach the endpoint.

Given: Volume of NaOH solution = 35.45 mL = 0.03545 L; Molarity of NaOH = 0.1200 M
Required: Moles of NaOH to reach the endpoint
Equation: 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 × 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(𝐿)
Solution:

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.1200 𝑀 × 0.03545 𝐿

= 4.25 × 10−3

Answer: The number of moles of NaOH required to reach the endpoint is 4.25 × 10−3 moles.

2. Calculate the number of moles of acetic acid present in the 50-mL aliquot portion that was titrated.
Given: Volume of NaOH = 35.45 mL; Molarity of NaOH = 0.1200 M
Balancing the reaction equation:

𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎 + 𝐻2𝑂

This means a 1:1 molar ratio between acetic acid and NaOH
Thus, acetic acid = NaOH
The number of moles of acetic acid present in the 50 mL aliquot is 4.25 × 10−3 moles.

3. Since the aliquot portion that was titrated was obtained from the dilute vinegar solution contained in the
volumetric flask. Then, the concentration of acetic acid in the aliquot portion is equal to the concentration of
acetic acid in the volumetric flask.

Concentration Acetic Acid (VF) = Conce ntration Acetic Acid Titrated (Aliquot Portion)

Total Amount (moles) Acetic acid VF Amount (moles) Acetic acid Aliquot Portion
=
Volume (mL) VF Volume (mL) Aliquot Portion

Therefore, the total amount (moles) acetic acid dissolved inside the solution contained in the volumetric flask is:

Amount (moles) Acetic acid Aliquot Portion

Total Amount (moles) Acetic acid VF =  Volume (mL) VF
Volume (mL) Aliquot Portion
 Given: Volume of vinegar = 25.00 mL; Total volume = 250.0 mL; Aliquot = 50.00 mL; Volume of NaOH = 35.45 mL;
Concentration of NaOH = 0.1200 M; Reaction between acetic acid and NaOH = 1:1 molar ratio;
MM of acetic acid = 60.05 g/mol
Required: Total Moles of Acetic Acid in VF

𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠)𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Equation: 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠)𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝐹 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝐿)𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
× 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝐿)𝑉𝐹
Solution:
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 𝑀 × 𝑉

35.45 𝑚𝐿
= 0.1200 𝑀 ×
1000

= 0.004254 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

Following the 1:1 molar ratio:

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.004254 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

50.00 mL aliquot was taken from a 250.0 mL volumetric flask, thus:

250.0 𝑚𝐿
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉𝐹 = × 0.004254
50.00 𝑚𝐿

= 5 × 0.004254

= 0.02127 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑

Answer: The total amount of acetic acid dissolved in the volumetric flask is 2.13 × 10−2 moles.

4. Calculate the total mass (g) of acetic acid dissolved in the solution contained in the volumetric flask (VF).
Given: Volume of vinegar = 25.00 mL; Total volume = 250.0 mL; Aliquot = 50.00 mL; Volume of NaOH = 35.45 mL;
Concentration of NaOH = 0.1200 M; Reaction between acetic acid and NaOH = 1:1 molar ratio;
MM of acetic acid = 60.05 g/mol
Required: Total mass (g) of acetic acid dissolved in the solution
Equation and Solution:

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 𝑀 × 𝑉

35.45 𝑚𝐿
= 0.1200 𝑀 ×
1000

= 0.004254 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

Following the 1:1 molar ratio:

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.004254 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

 50.00 mL aliquot was taken from a 250.0 mL volumetric flask, thus:

250.0 𝑚𝐿
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉𝐹 = × 0.004254
50.00 𝑚𝐿

= 5 × 0.004254

= 0.02127 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑

Moles to mass:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠

= 0.02127 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 60.05 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 1.277 𝑔

Answer: The total mass of acetic acid dissolved in 250.0 mL volumetric flask is 1.28 g

5. The mass (g) of acetic acid dissolved in the solution contained in the volumetric flask came from the 25.00 mL
vinegar sample. Calculate the %CH3COOH (w/v) present in the 25.00 mL vinegar sample.
Given: Volume of vinegar = 25.00 mL; Total volume = 250.0 mL; Aliquot = 50.00 mL; Volume of NaOH = 35.45 mL;
Concentration of NaOH = 0.1200 M; Reaction between acetic acid and NaOH = 1:1 molar ratio;
MM of acetic acid = 60.05 g/mol

Required: %CH3COOH (w/v) present in the 25.00 mL vinegar sample

𝑤 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻(𝑔)
Equation: % ( ) 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = × 100
𝑣 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (𝑚𝐿)

Solution:
1.277 𝑔
= × 100
25.00 𝑚𝐿

= 5.11%

Answer: The vinegar sample contains 5.11% (w/v) acetic acid, meaning there are 5.11 g of CH₃COOH per 100 mL of
vinegar.
5. Process Diagram
Create (draw or write – not print) a flow chart below showing the process of the experiment. Use Experiment 1
handout as your reference.