Marks Scored:

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
April, 2024

Level: B.E. Course: EPEG 415

Year: IV Semester: II

Exam. Roll No.: Time: 30 mins F.M.: 10

Registration No.: Date:

SECTION “A”
[20 Q. * 0.5 = 10 marks]
Choose the most appropriate function
1. Which circuit breaker/s will operate for fault at F in the system given below?

Figure 1.
a) B3, B4
b) B5,B6
c) B4
d) B2, B3, B4, B5

2. A generating station with a step up transformer (Delta-Wye grounded) is connected to a line. The
transmission line has three phase conductors and two over-head ground wires. A ground fault
occurs at one of the phase conductor. The ground current will return to source through
a) Ground
b) Ground and Two Overhead ground wires
c) Healthy phase
d) Ground and One Overhead ground wire

3. Which kind of protection equipment is commonly used in secondary side of a 11kV transformer?
a) Liquid filled fuse
b) MCCB
c) Dropout fuse
 d) HRC fuse
4. A current transformer has 5VA, 5P20 written in its name plate. The information it conveys are:
a) Rated burden: 3%, Composite error: 10, Accuracy limiting factor = 10, Metering class CT
b) Rated burden: 10VA, Composite error: 5%, Accuracy limiting factor = 20, Protective class
CT
c) Rated burden: 5VA, Composite error: 5%, Accuracy limiting factor = 20, Protective class CT
d) Rated burden: 10VA, Composite error: 3%, Accuracy limiting factor = 10, Metering class CT

5. An overcurrent relay is to be used for protection of a three-phase line connecting Bus A and Bus B
as shown in Figure 2. What should the value of plug setting/pickup for the relay?

Figure 2. IDMT relay for line protection

a) 180A
b) 300 A
c) 50 A
d) 220 A

6. Which distance relay provides the best performance under arcing fault?
a) Impedance relay
b) Mho relay
c) Reactance relay
d) Elliptical relay

7. Stabilizing resistance is used in a differential protection to prevent

a) Maloperation during internal faults
b) Maloperation during external faults
c) Maloperation during breaking of pilot wires
d) Maloperation during transformer inrush

8. A ground fault occurs at phase c shown in Figure 3. The system phase voltage is 220V. What will
be the rms voltage at phase-a under this fault condition?
a) 0V
 b) 220√3𝑉
c) 220√2𝑉
d) 220𝑉

Figure 3. Ground fault at phase c

9. The time-current characteristics of two over-current relays installed in a system (Figure 4) is given
in Figure 5. A fault is applied at line connecting Bus B and C resulting in a fault current of 7000A.
Are the relays properly coordinated for this fault?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Voltage transformer information is not provided
d) Current transformer information is not provided

Figure 4. System

Figure 5. Time-Current characteristics of Relay

10. The minimum voltage which can be fatal to humans is
a) 1000V
b) 10V
c) 200V
d) 60V

11. A lightning arrestor (LA) is to be put in an ungrounded power system of 132kV. What should be
the minimum voltage rating of the LA?
a) 115kV
b) 135kV
c) 200kV
d) 80 kV

12. An Electrical supervisor is given four earthing design results for a generation substation. Which
final design should the supervisor choose?

(a)
Tolerable touch Actual Touch Tolerable step Actual Step Resistance
voltage (V) Voltage (V) voltage (V) Voltage (V) (Ω)
1500 1800 1100 500 1

(b)
Tolerable touch Actual Touch Tolerable step Actual Step Resistance
voltage (V) Voltage (V) voltage (V) Voltage (V) (Ω)
1500 800 1100 500 0.5

(c)
Tolerable touch Actual Touch Tolerable step Actual Step Resistance
voltage (V) Voltage (V) voltage (V) Voltage (V) (Ω)
1500 1000 1100 500 10

(d)
Tolerable touch Actual Touch Tolerable step Actual Step Resistance
voltage (V) Voltage (V) voltage (V) Voltage (V) (Ω)
1500 800 300 500 1

13. Which of the following bus bar scheme is the most reliable?
a) Single bus bar with sectionalization
b) Main and transfer bus scheme
c) Double bus double breaker scheme
d) One and Half breaker scheme

14. Which of the following statement is False?

a) Distance relay provides fault location information
b) Over-current relays only require current transformer measurement
 c) The settings of Over-current relays do not require change when there are addition of new
generators in a system
d) Distance relay clears fault faster in its zone than an over-current relay

15. What factors should be considered before using differential relay for power transformer protection?
a) Phase shift and Voltage ratio between primary and secondary
b) Phase shift and Current ratio between primary and secondary
c) CT error
d) None of the above

16. What kind of circuit breaker is mostly found at 132kV level?

a) Vaccum
b) Minimum oil
c) SF6
d) Air blast

17. Wave trap is used for:

a) Lightning protection
b) Better earthing
c) Communication purpose
d) Relaying

18. Large Generators have around __________ number of protections

a) 1
b) 3
c) 5
d) 15

19. Carried aided distance protection does not require:

a) Differential protection
b) PLCC
c) Optical fiber cables
d) Wave trap

20. 100% stator earth fault relay for generator protection requires:
a) Overcurrent protection
b) Inrush protection
c) Third Harmonic voltage relay
d) Differential protection
 Marks Scored:

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
April, 2024

Level: B.E. Course: EPEG 415

Year: IV Semester: II
Time: 2 hrs. 30 mins F.M.: 40

SECTION “B”
[5 Q * 8 = 40 marks]

Attempt ANY FIVE questions. Each question carries 8 marks. Symbols have their usual meanings. Urgent
appropriate assumptions are permissible. Marks are indicated inside brackets. Some important formulae
and data are given after the questions section.

1. (a) Explain the requirements of a protection system. [4]

(b) Describe the working principle, advantages, and disadvantages of a SF6 circuit breaker. [4]

2. (a) Design the differential protection for a three-phase, 50 Hz transformer with the following
nameplate ratings: 50 MVA, 11 kV/132 kV, delta- star. [5]

(b) Draw the transformer connection, wiring diagram of relay and current transformer for Question
2(a). [3]

3. (a) Obtain three zone settings for a mho relay of 80 deg MTA with the impedance diagram
(showing all three zones) using the following data:

CT 200/1A, PT 220kV/110V.

Impedance for the first line is 2+j4 ohms (primary), Impedance for the second line is 2+j4 ohms
(primary) and the impedance for the third line is 2+j4 ohms (primary).

The first zone covers 80% of the first section, the second zone covers the first line and 50% of the
second line and the third zone covers the first and second line and 50% of the third line. [5]

(b) Compare different types of distance protection based on their application and limitations. [3]

4. (a) Explain any three methods of system earthing. [4]

(b) Describe with a flowchart how will you design an earthing grid for a substation. [4]

5. (a) Develop a detailed single line diagram for a 3MW hydropower generating station with a
11/220kV step-up transformer. [2]
(b) Calculate the size of all equipment’s used for Question 5 (a). [6]
6. Justify the following statements [1*8=8]
(a) Numerical relays allow adaptive protection of power system.
(b) Residual current circuit breaker interrupts power supply in a matter of milli-seconds during
earth fault.
(c) Ground fault currents at lower voltage level can be smaller than the normal rated current.
(d) Ungrounded neutral system is rarely used in the modern power sector.
(e) IDMT relays must be used for proper circuit breaker coordination in a radial
transmission lline.
(f) Transformer protection relay must have third harmonic restraint capability.
(g) Explain the working of a converter substation.
(h) Double bus double breaker has the highest reliability.
Table 1. 11kV cable rating data

Table 2. Bus bar rating data

Table 3. Isolator rating data

 Table 4. Circuit breaker rating data

Table 5. Current transformer rating data

Table 6. Potential transformer rating data

Table 7. Lightining Arrester rating data