Waves 49

14
WAVES

MCQs with One Correct Answer (a) 76 Hz (b) 75 Hz

(c) 50 Hz (d) 25 Hz
1. A wave travelling along the x-axis is described 5. Two trains are moving towards each other with
by the equation y(x, t) = 0.005 cos (a x – bt). If speeds of 20m/s and 15 m/s relative to the
the wavelength and the time period of the wave ground. The first train sounds a whistle of
are 0.08 m and 2.0s, respectively, then a and b in frequency 600 Hz. The frequency of the whistle
appropriate units are heard by a passenger in the second train before
(a) a = 25.00 p , b = p the train meets, is (the speed of sound in air is
0.08 2.0 340 m/s)
(b) a = ,b =
p p (a) 600 Hz (b) 585 Hz
0.04 1.0 (c) 645 Hz (d) 666 Hz
(c) a = ,b =
p p 6. A progressive sound wave of frequency 500 Hz
p is travelling through air with a speed of 350 ms–1.
(d) a = 12.50 p , b =
2.0 A compression maximum appears at a place at a
2. A tuning fork of unknown frequency makes 3 given instant. The minimum time interval after
beats/sec with a standard fork of frequency 384 which the rarefraction maximum occurs at the
Hz. The beat frequency decreases when a small same point, is
piece of wax is put on the prong of the first. The 1
(a) 200 s (b) s
frequency of the fork is: 250
(a) 387 Hz (b) 381 Hz 1 1
(c) s (d) s
(c) 384 Hz (d) 390 Hz 500 1000
3. A car emitting sound of frequency 500 Hz speeds 7. When a wave travel in a medium, the particle
towards a fixed wall at 4 m/s. An observer in the displacement is given by the equation y = a sin
car hears both the source frequency as well as 2p (bt– cx) where a, b and c are constants. The
the frequency of sound reflected from the wall. maximum particle velocity will be twice the wave
velocity if
If he hears 10 beats per second between the two
1
sounds, the velocity of sound in air will be (a) c = (b) c = pa
(a) 330 m/s (b) 387 m/s pa
(c) 404 m/s (d) 340 m/s 1
(c) b = ac (d) b =
4. 26 tuning forks are placed in a series such that ac
each tuning fork produces 4 beats with its 8. The number of possible natural oscillation of air
previous tuning fork. If the frequency of last column in a pipe closed at one end of length
85 cm whose frequencies lie below 1250 Hz are :
tuning fork be three times the frequency of first (velocity of sound = 340 ms– 1)
tuning fork then the frequency of first tuning fork (a) 4 (b) 5
will be (c) 7 (d) 6
 50 PHYSICS

9. A hollow pipe of length 0.8 m is closed at one 14. A small speaker delivers 2 W of audio output.
end. At its open end a 0.5 m long uniform string At what distance from the speaker will one detect
is vibrating in its second harmonic and it 120 dB intensity sound ? [Given reference
intensity of sound as 10–12W/m2]
resonates with the fundamental frequency of the
(a) 40 cm (b) 20 cm
pipe. If the tension in the wire is 50 N and the
(c) 10 cm (d) 30 cm
speed of sound is 320 ms–1, the mass of the
string is 15. A travelling wave represented by
(a) 5 grams (b) 10 grams y = A sin (wt – kx) is superimposed on another
(c) 20 grams (d) 40 grams wave represented by y = A sin (wt + kx). The
10. A uniform tube of length 60.5 cm is held vertically resultant is
with its lower end dipped in water. A sound source (a) A wave travelling along + x direction
of frequency 500 Hz sends sound waves into the (b) A wave travelling along – x direction
tube. When the length of tube above water is 16 (c) A standing wave having nodes at
cm and again when it is 50 cm, the tube resonates nl
with the source of sound. Two lowest frequencies x= , n = 0,1, 2....
(in Hz), to which tube will resonate when it is 2
(d) A standing wave having nodes at
taken out of water, are (approximately).
(a) 281, 562 (b) 281, 843 æ 1ö l
x = ç n + ÷ ; n = 0,1, 2....
(c) 276, 552 (d) 272, 544 è 2ø 2
11. Two wires W1 and W2 have the same radius r 16. A wire of length L and mass per unit length
and respective densities r1 and r2 such that r2 6.0 × 10–3 kgm–1 is put under tension of 540 N.
= 4r1. They are joined together at the point O, as Two consecutive frequencies that it resonates
shown in the figure. The combination is used as a at are: 420 Hz and 490 Hz. Then L in meters is:
sonometer wire and kept under tension T. The (a) 2.1 m (b) 1.1 m
point O is midway between the two bridges. When (c) 8.1 m (d) 5.1 m
a stationary waves is set up in the composite wire,
17. An air column in a pipe, which is closed at one
the joint is found to be a node. The ratio of the
end, will be in resonance wtih a vibrating tuning
number of antinodes formed in W1 and W2 is :
r1 r2
fork of frequency 264 Hz if the length of the
column in cm is (velocity of sound = 330 m/s)
W1 O W2
(a) 125.00 (b) 93.75
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 62.50 (d) 187.50
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 1 18. When two sound waves travel in the same
12. Two engines pass each other moving in opposite direction in a medium, the displacements of a
directions with uniform speed of 30 m/s. One of particle located at 'x' at time ‘t’ is given by :
them is blowing a whistle of frequency 540 Hz. y1 = 0.05 cos (0.50 px – 100 pt)
Calculate the frequency heard by driver of y2 = 0.05 cos (0.46 px – 92 pt)
second engine before they pass each other. where y1, y2 and x are in meters and t in seconds.
Speed of sound is 330 m/sec: The speed of sound in the medium is :
(a) 450 Hz (b) 540 Hz (a) 92 m/s (b) 200 m/s
(c) 270 Hz (d) 648 Hz (c) 100 m/s (d) 332 m/s
13. A motor cycle starts from rest and accelerates
19. A source of sound emits sound waves at
along a straight path at 2m/s2. At the starting
frequency f0. It is moving towards an observer
point of the motor cycle there is a stationary
electric siren. How far has the motor cycle gone with fixed speed vs (vs < v, where v is the
when the driver hears the frequency of the siren speed of sound in air). If the observer were to
at 94% of its value when the motor cycle was at move towards the source with speed v0, one
rest? (Speed of sound = 330 ms–1) of the following two graphs (A and B) will
(a) 98 m (b) 147 m given the correct variation of the frequency f
(c) 196 m (d) 49 m heard by the observer as v0 is changed.
Waves 51
23. An organ pipe P1 closed at one end vibrating in
(A) (B) its first overtone and another pipe P2 open at
f f both ends vibrating in third overtone are in
resonance with a given tuning fork. The ratio of
v0 1/v0 the length of P1 to that of P2 is
The variation of f with v0 is given correctly by: 24. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10–2 kg is
f0 clamped at its ends. The tension in the string
(a) graph A with slope = is1.6 N. Identical wave pulses are generated at
(v + vs ) one end at regular intervals of time, Dt. The
f0 minimum value of Dt, so that a constructive
(b) graph B with slope =
(v – vs ) interference takes place between successive
f0 pulses is
(c) graph A with slope = 25. A source of sound of frequency 256Hz is moving
(v – vs )
rapidly towards a wall with a velocity of 5m/s.
f0 The speed of sound is 330 m/s. If the observer is
(d) graph B with slope =
(v + vs ) between the wall and the source, then beats per
20. A string is stretched between fixed points second heard will be
separated by 75.0 cm. It is observed to have 26. A bat moving at 10 ms–1 towards a wall sends a
resonant frequencies of 420 Hz and 315 Hz. There sound signal of 8000 Hz towards it. On reflection
are no other resonant frequencies between these it hears a sound of frequency f. The value of f in
two. Then, the lowest resonant frequency for Hz is close to (speed of sound = 320 ms–1)
this string is 27. Two whistles A and B produce tones of
(a) 105 Hz (b) 1.05 Hz frequencies 660 Hz and 596 Hz respectively.
There is a listener at the mid-point of the line
(c) 1050 Hz (d) 10.5 Hz joining them. Now the whistle B and the listener
both start moving with speed 30 m/s away from
Numeric Value Answer
the whistle A. If the speed of sound be 330 m/s,
21. Equation of a stationary and a travelling waves how many beats will be heard by the listener?
are as follows y1 = a sin kx cos wt and y2 = a sin 28. A wire of density 9 × 10–3 kg cm–3 is stretched
(wt – kx). The phase difference between two between two clamps 1 m apart. The resulting
p 3p strain in the wire is 4.9 × 10–4. The lowest
points x1 = and x2 = is f1 in the
3k 2k frequency (in Hz) of the transverse vibrations in
standing wave (y1) and is f2 in travelling wave the wire is
f (Young’s modulus of wire Y = 9 × 1010 Nm–2),
(y2) then ratio 1 is (to the nearest integer), ___________.
f2
22. The amplitude of a wave disturbance 29. A one metre long (both ends open) organ pipe
propagating in the positive y-direction is given is kept in a gas that has double the density of
1 air at STP. Assuming the speed of sound in air
by y = at time t = 0 and at STP is 300 m/s, the frequency difference
1 + x2 between the fundamental and second harmonic
1
y= at t = 2 s, where x and y are in of this pipe is ______ Hz.
é1 + ( x - 1) 2 ù 30. Two identical strings X and Z made of same
ë û
meters. The shape of the wave disturbance does material have tension TX and TZ in them. If their
not change during the propagation. The velocity fundamental frequencies are 450 Hz and 300 Hz,
of wave in m/s is respectively, then the ratio TX/TZ is:
ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 4 (c) 7 (a) 10 (d) 13 (a) 16 (a) 19 (c) 22 (0.5) 25 (7.7) 28 (35.00)
2 (a) 5 (d) 8 (d) 11 (b) 14 (a) 17 (b) 20 (a) 23 (0.375) 26 (8516) 29 (106)
3 (c) 6 (d) 9 (b) 12 (d) 15 (d) 18 (b) 21 (0.85) 24 (0.1) 27 (4) 30 (2.25)