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Logic Circuit

Logic gates are fundamental electronic circuits that process input signals to produce output signals, with key types including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates. These gates can be combined to form logic circuits, which can represent any Boolean expression using just AND, OR, and NOT gates. Both NAND and NOR gates are universal gates, meaning they can be used to implement any Boolean expression independently.

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8 views16 pages

Logic Circuit

Logic gates are fundamental electronic circuits that process input signals to produce output signals, with key types including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates. These gates can be combined to form logic circuits, which can represent any Boolean expression using just AND, OR, and NOT gates. Both NAND and NOR gates are universal gates, meaning they can be used to implement any Boolean expression independently.

Uploaded by

Rafiuzzaman Rupu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Logic Gates & Circuits

Logic Gates

◾ Logic gates are electronic circuits that operate on one


or more input signals to produce standard output
signal
◾ Are the building blocks of all the circuits in a computer
◾ Some of the most basic and useful logic gates are -
◾ AND,
◾ OR,
◾ NOT,
◾ NAND and
◾ NOR gate
AND Gate
◾ Physical realization of logical multiplication (AND) operation

◾ Generates an output signal of 1 only if all input signals are also 1

◾ AND Gate (Block Diagram Symbol and Truth Table)


OR Gate

◾ Physical realization of
logical addition (OR)
operation

◾ Generates an output
signal of 1 if at least one of
the input signals is also 1

◾ OR Gate (Block Diagram


Symbol and Truth Table)
NOT Gate

◾ Physical realization of
complementation
operation
◾ Generates an output
signal, which is the
reverse of the input
signal
NAND Gate
◾ Complemented AND gate
◾ Generates an output signal of:
① 1 if any one of the inputs is a 0
② 0 when all the inputs are 1
NOR Gate
◾ Complemented OR gate
◾ Generates an output signal of:
① 1 only when all inputs are 0
② 0 if any one of inputs is a 1
Logic Circuits

◾ When logic gates are interconnected to form a


gating / logic network, it is known as a combinational
logic circuit
◾ The Boolean algebra expression for a given logic
circuit can be derived by systematically progressing
from input to output on the gates
◾ The three logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are
logically complete because any Boolean expression
can be realized as a logic circuit using only these
three gates
Finding Boolean Expression of a
Logic Circuit (Example 1)
Finding Boolean Expression of a
Logic Circuit (Example 2)
Constructing a Logic Circuit from
a Boolean Expression (Example 1)
Constructing a Logic Circuit from
a Boolean Expression (Example 2)
Universal NAND Gate

◾ NAND gate is an universal gate, it is alone


sufficient to implement any Boolean
expression
◾ To understand this, consider:
➢ Basic logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are logically
complete
➢ Sufficient to show that AND, OR, and NOT gates
can be implemented with NAND gates
Implementation of NOT, AND and
OR Gates by NAND Gates
Universal NOR Gate

◾ NOR gate is an universal gate, it is alone sufficient to


implement any Boolean expression
◾ To understand this, consider:
◾ Basic logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are logically complete
◾ Sufficient to show that AND, OR, and NOT gates can be
implemented with NOR gates
Implementation of NOT, OR
and AND Gates by NOR Gates

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