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Bio. I mock marking key

The document outlines a marking scheme for a Biology I exam, covering topics such as fertilization, photosynthesis, digestion, respiratory systems, immunity, plant structures, and biotechnology applications. It includes specific questions and answers related to each topic, detailing processes, functions, and examples. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for evaluating student responses in the subject of biology.

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MALISON SALIMA
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6 views

Bio. I mock marking key

The document outlines a marking scheme for a Biology I exam, covering topics such as fertilization, photosynthesis, digestion, respiratory systems, immunity, plant structures, and biotechnology applications. It includes specific questions and answers related to each topic, detailing processes, functions, and examples. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for evaluating student responses in the subject of biology.

Uploaded by

MALISON SALIMA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biology I marking key/scheme

1. a) i. Union of male and female gametes1 outside the female’s body1


ii. Union of male and female gametes1 inside the female’s body1.

b) i. chromosomes (genetic material)


ii. Dissolves zona pellucida (on the ovum) to allow sperm to penetrate (it for
fertilization).
c) Contains mitochondria1 that releases energy1 (used in sperm movement).

2. a) To find out if carbon dioxide (CO2) is necessary for photosynthesis.


b) To absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

c) Set up a similar apparatus1, using instead of sodium hydroxide, any substance


that does not absorb carbondioxide1 (like sodium bicarbonate).

d) i. By putting it in the dark1 (for about 48 hours).


ii. It can be moved1 from place to place1, (from a dark cupboard in the laboratory to
sunshine outdoors)

3. a) digestion or hydrolysis
b) Fructose
c) i. household sugar or sugarcane
ii. Heat the sucrose1 in hydrochloric acid1

4. a) A: bronchiole
C: diaphragm

b) It does not expand or contract1 as does the chest1


c) When part C is pulled down, the volume inside B is increased so the pressure
decreases. This forces atmospheric air into the balloons.

When C is released the volume inside decreases and the pressure increases. This
forces (squeezes) the air out of the balloons into the atmosphere.

5. a) coordination
b) i. Nervous system
ii. Endocrine system

c) The impulse travels away from the cell body in an axon and towards the cell body in a
dendrite.
e) The myelin sheath1 (around each fibre) provides insulation1.

f) Sensory neurones transmit impulses from receptors to the Central Nervous System1
while motor neurones transmit impulses from Central Nervous System to the
effectors1.

6. a) plasma

b) i. Red blood cells


To transport oxygen (in the blood)

ii. White blood cells


Kill germs in the blood

c) Sodium citrate

d) Pour 2cm3 of the plasma into another test tube and heat it together with 2cm 3 of
Benedict’s solution. If a brick red colour appears, then the plasma (blood) contains
glucose.
7. a) i. Trypsin or Amylase
ii. protein or Starch
iii. polypeptides or Maltose

b) i. produce bile
ii. Hepatic portal vein

c) Excess amino acids are deaminated. The amino group (NH2) is removed from the
amino acid and urea is produced as a waste product.

8. a) i. Grey: AA
Black: aa
ii. Aa

b) i. 3: 1
ii. ¼ × 48 = 12

9. a) M: Renal artery
N: Bowman’s capsule

b) i. ultra-filtration

ii. Blood capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule (glomerulus) have a very small
diameter1; so the high blood pressure forces substances out1.
OR
The capillary wall are semipermeable1 hence allows some substances to pass and
not others1 (like blood cells).

c) Reabsorption of glucose1 (from the tubule into the blood stream).


Section B
Essays
10. Natural immunity is acquired when a particular pathogen enters the body by natural
means like breathing. The white blood cells (lymphocytes) will make antibodies against
the pathogen. These antibodies will remain in the body for a long time such that when
the same pathogen enters again, the body will have the antibodies ready and so will be
protected or immuned.
Natural immunity is also acquired when, during the last days of pregnancy, antibodies
are transferred from blood of mother to blood of the foetus to protect it after it is born.

Artificial immunity is acquired when the pathogens in their weakened form or their
toxins are introduced into the body through vaccination. This will also stimulate
lymphocytes to produce antibodies against the pathogens. The antibodies will stay in
the body and give it protection.
Artificial immunity is also acquired when serum containing antibodies is transferred
from a healthy person (donor) to a patient to protect the patient from attack by a
particular pathogen.

11. Stems have vascular bundles1; (these are the xylem and the phloem tissues0. Xylem
transport water1 while phloem transport organic food substances1. Some stems contain
chloroplasts1 to absorb sunlight energy1 for photosynthesis. Some stems have lenticels1
which are the openings for gaseous exchange1. Most stems are thick1 so as to support
the plant and hold it up-right1. Finally some stems are modified to be storage organs1,
for example baobab tree.
12. Any five points from the following:
Biotechnology is applied in gene therapy whereby a defective gene is removed and
replaced by a normal gene to that disorder.
It is used in insulin production which is used to control the Diabetes mellitus in humans.
It is used in the development of vaccine and antibiotics to cure diseases
It is used in an improvement of shelf-life of agricultural products eg. lengthening the
period required for tomatoes to rot.
It is used to introduce genes for the desired characteristics in an organism to make the
organism have a desired phenotype; eg. high yielding.
It is used in pest control management whereby a gene from a bacterium is transferred
into a plant, making the plant pest resistant.
It is used in blood transfusion whereby the patient is given the right type of blood.
It is used to settle parental disputes by comparing the blood groups and rhesus antigens
of the parents in disputes and that of the child.
The disputes can also be settled by comparing the DNA structures of parents in disputes
and that of the child.
It is used to clean up the environment using bacteria and fungi (living organisms) by
metabolically breaking down toxic pollutants to harmless compounds.
Microbes like fungi are used in the fermentation process during brewing and baking.
DNA analysis is used to counsel couples (parents) whose children have genetic disorders
(on how disorders came into existence).

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