This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A484/A484M − 19

Standard Specification for

General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and
Forgings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A484/A484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the

2
1.1 This specification covers general requirements that material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM specifications: A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a 2. Referenced Documents
product specification and a requirement of this specification,
the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
between a requirement of the product specification or a A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
requirement of this specification and a more stringent require- Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if Shapes
they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a Forging
test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in A458 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold-Worked, and
specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Bars for High Strength at
A1. Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1988)4
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel prod- A477 Specification for Hot-Worked, Hot-Cold Worked and
ucts other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. Cold-Worked Alloy Steel Forgings and Forging Billets for
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are High Strength at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn
covered in Specification A555/A555M. 1988)4
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Sheet, and Strip
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
with the standard. Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A484/A484M – 18a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0484_A0484M-19. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifi- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
cation SA-484/SA-484M in Section II of that code. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A484/A484M − 19
A565/A565M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Billets typically have a cross-section area of 36 in.2 or less
Bars for High-Temperature Service (230 cm2) and shape that is square or rectangular with width
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless less than twice the thickness. Rectangular cross sections with
Steel Bars width equal to or greater than twice the thickness are classified
A638/A638M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron as slabs or sheet bars.
Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for 3.1.1.3 blooms, n—semi-finished products, typically pro-
High-Temperature Service duced by rolling or continuous casting, that require subsequent
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods hot working by rolling or forging. Blooms typically have a
for Steel Products for Shipment cross section area of greater than 36 in.2 (230 cm2) and shape
A705/A705M Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless that is square or rectangular with width less than twice the
Steel Forgings thickness. Rectangular cross sections with width equal to or
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- greater than twice the thickness are classified as slabs or sheet
cal Analysis of Steel Products bars.
A831/A831M Specification for Austenitic and Martensitic 3.1.1.4 forgings, n—parts, including bars, billets, semi-
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings for Liquid finished products, or complex shapes, produced by hot me-
Metal Cooled Reactor Core Components (Withdrawn chanical working using hammers, presses, or forging ma-
2005)4 chines.
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 3.1.1.5 shapes, n—bar having a cross section other than
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, circular, rectangular, or hexagonal.
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 3.1.1.6 slabs or sheet bars—products, typically produced by
2.2 Federal Standards:5 blooming, slabbing, or sheet bar mills or by continuous casting,
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) that are shipped without further hot working to be further
Fed Std. No. 183 Continuous Marking of Iron and Steel processed into plate, sheet, or strip. It is permitted to heat treat,
Products cut to shape, or surface condition a slab or sheet bar.
2.3 Military Standards:5 3.1.2 The terms random lengths, multiple lengths, and dead
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage or exact lengths are defined as follows:
MIL-STD-163 Preservation of Steel Products for Shipment 3.1.2.1 dead lengths or exact lengths—bars, typically hot-
(Storage and Overseas Shipment) sheared, hot-sawed, or machine-cut after machine-
2.4 Other Standard:6 straightening, meeting the permitted variations in length as
Primary Metals Bar Code Standard listed in the tolerance tables of this specification.
3.1.2.2 multiple lengths—lengths that are specified as con-
3. Terminology taining a predetermined number of units of length associated
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: with production of a particular part, commonly including an
3.1.1 Bars, shapes, forgings, billets, or other semi-finished allowance of 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] per unit for cutting to insure
material used in this specification are defined as follows: obtaining the required number of pieces.
3.1.1.1 Bars, n—straight lengths that are produced by pro- 3.1.2.3 random lengths—a length range not less than 24 in.
cessing that includes hot deformation, such as rolling, forging, [1 m]; for example, 10 to 12 ft [3 to 4 m], 14 to 17 ft [4 to 5 m],
or extrusion. The permitted cross-sections include round, or 15 to 20 ft [5 to 6 m].
rectangular, and complex shapes. Bar shall include shapes with 3.1.3 The terms condition and finish are defined as follows:
all dimensions under 5 in. [125 mm]. Bar shall include 3.1.3.1 condition—identification of the final step or steps
hot-rolled flats with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thermomechanical processing as required to describe the met-
thickness 0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater. Bar shall include flats allurgical state of the material as delivered. Examples include
with width of 10 in. [250 mm] or less, and with thickness hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,
0.125 in. [3.00 mm] or greater, cut from strip or plate provided and cold-worked for increased mechanical properties; and
that the long direction of the cut bar is parallel to the final hot-worked, quenched, and tempered.
rolling direction of the strip or plate. 3.1.3.2 finish—description of the surface finish and appli-
cable dimensional tolerances of the product as delivered, most
NOTE 1—All cold-reduced flat material with thickness less than
typically by identification of the process applied to the product,
0.1875 in. [5.00 mm] and width 0.375 in. [9.50 mm] and over is classified
as strip. and identification of the applicable category of product dimen-
sional tolerances. Examples of finishing operations include
3.1.1.2 billets, n—semi-finished products, typically pro-
blasting, pickling, rough turning, machine straightening, cen-
duced by rolling, forging, or continuous casting, that require
terless grinding, polishing, and light cold drawing for surface
subsequent hot working by rolling, forging, or extrusion.
finish but not for increased mechanical properties. See also
8.1.1 for hot-finished bars and 8.1.3 for cold-finished bars.
5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// 4. Ordering Information
www.dodssp.daps.mil.
6
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., 4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org. requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this

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 A484/A484M − 19
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but not listed in the product specification, when acknowledged in
are not limited to, the following: the order acceptance, shall be treated as a specified element,
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces). with determination of chemical analysis and reporting of that
4.1.2 Dimensions, including shape or form with diameter or analysis.
width and thickness as applicable, length, and prints or 6.1.5 The purchaser is permitted to make the requirements
sketches as applicable. for any element more stringent, that is, require higher mini-
4.1.3 Type or UNS designation. mums for elements having minimum requirements or ranges
4.1.4 ASTM specification designation and edition year if with minimum requirements, or requiring lower maximums for
other than the latest edition elements having specified maximums, or ranges with maxi-
4.1.5 Condition. mums. The purchaser is not permitted to make chemical
4.1.6 Finish. requirements less stringent.
4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements when invoked. 6.1.6 Analysis limits shall be established for specific
4.1.8 Whether bars are to be rolled as bars or cut from strip elements rather than groups of elements, including but not
or plate, when applicable. limited to all others, rare earths, and balance, unless all
4.1.9 Preparation for delivery. elements in such a group are similar in technical effect and are
4.1.10 Marking requirements. associated in typical methods of chemical analysis.
4.1.11 Surface preparation, for shapes.
6.2 Product Analysis—When required, a product analysis
4.1.12 Special requirements.
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods,
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical composition
[2000 kg]; 1.000 in. [25 mm] round bar by 10 to 12 ft [3 to 4 m]; Type 304 thus determined shall conform to the tolerances shown in Table
or S30400; Specification A479/A479M; annealed, centerless ground; plus
1.
optional requirements, such as special marking instructions.
6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for
5. Materials and Manufacture the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the
5.1 The material shall be made by any process. requirements of another grade in the referencing product
specification, and any of the product specifications within the
5.2 The material shall be furnished in one of the conditions
scope of this general requirements specification, for which that
detailed in the applicable product specification, for example,
element has a specified minimum.
hot-worked; hot-worked and annealed; hot-worked, annealed,
and cold-worked; or hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated.
7. Heat Treatment
5.3 The material shall be furnished in one of the finishes as
detailed in Section 8 or further described in the applicable 7.1 The heat treatments shown in this section are to be
product specification, for example, hot-finished or cold- followed unless otherwise specified in the applicable product
finished. specification.
7.2 Austenitic Grades:
6. Chemical Composition 7.2.1 Except for strain-hardened grades (see 7.2.4), hot-
6.1 Heat or Cast Analysis—The chemical analysis of each rolled grades (see 7.2.5), and UNS N08020 (see 7.2.6), all
heat shall be determined in accordance with the applicable austenitic stainless steels shall be furnished in the solution
materials specification and Test Methods, Practices, and Ter- annealed condition in accordance with Table 2, with subse-
minology A751. quent light cold drawing for cold finishing and straightening
6.1.1 The analysis of each heat shall be made from a test permitted.
sample taken during the pouring of the melt or from the 7.2.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the austenitic grades
in-process product later in the manufacturing flow. shall be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a
6.1.2 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical separate annealing treatment or by process annealing.
requirements for each of the specified elements for the grade 7.2.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of
ordered, as listed in the applicable product specification. heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for
6.1.3 All commercial metals contain small amounts of the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to
elements other than those which are specified. It is neither permit grain boundary carbides to enter into solution, and
practical nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified ele- cooling rapidly enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary
ments that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze carbide precipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic
for unspecified elements and is permitted to report such stainless steels solution annealed by a separate annealing
analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the treatment shall be capable of meeting the requirements of
reporting of an analysis for that element shall not be a basis for Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is
rejection unless the presence of that element cause the loss of not required unless specified on the purchase order.
a property typically expected for that metal, for the type and 7.2.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot
quality ordered. working above the minimum annealing temperature required
6.1.4 The purchaser is permitted to require in the purchase for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly
order a maximum limit for an individual element not specified enough to prevent unacceptable grain boundary carbide pre-
in the product specification. Such a requirement for an element cipitation. Except as indicated in Table 2, austenitic stainless

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 A484/A484M − 19
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances
NOTE 1—This table specifies tolerances over the maximum limits or under the minimum limits of the chemical requirements of the applicable material
specification (see 1.1); it does not apply to heat analysis.
Tolerances over the Tolerances over the
Maximum (Upper Maximum (Upper
Upper Limit of Maximum of Upper Limit or Maximum of
Element Limit) or Under the Element Limit) or Under the
Specified Range, % Specified Range, %
Minimum (Lower Minimum (Lower
Limit) Limit)
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002 Cobalt over 0.05 to 0.50, incl 0.01
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.02
over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.05
over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.02 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
over 0.60 to 1.20, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 22.00, incl 0.20
over 22.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25
Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03 Columbium + to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04 tantalum over 1.50 to 5.00, incl 0.10
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.05 over 5.00 0.15
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl 0.06
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.10
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005 Tantalum to 0.10, incl 0.02
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010
Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005 Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl 0.020 over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10 +0.01
over 3.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.15 over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.20
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.35
Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
over 0.45 0.05
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03 Tungsten to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07 over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20 over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl 0.25
over 40.00 0.30
Molybdenum over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03 Vanadium to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05 over 0.50 to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00, incl 0.10
over 7.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20
Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05 Selenium all 0.03
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.07
over 3.00 0.10

steels solution annealed by process annealing shall be capable of Practices A262 (to be conducted on specimens exposed to a sensitizing
of meeting the requirements of Practice E of Practices A262. treatment). Consideration should be given to the corrosive media before
using a stabilization anneal at less than 1800 °F [980 °C], as such a
Practice E of Practices A262 is not required unless specified on treatment may not be fully effective for all media.
the purchase order.
7.2.3 For the stabilized grades, Types 321, 321H, 347, 7.2.4 Strain-Hardened Austenitic Grades—When a particu-
347H, 348, and 348H, the manufacturer is permitted, if lar austenitic grade is desired with increased mechanical
necessary, to use a lower temperature resolution anneal or a properties, the purchaser is permitted to specify a strain
stabilization anneal after a high temperature anneal in order to hardened condition. This condition is produced by solution
maximize resistance to intergranular corrosion. annealing the product in accordance with Table 2, followed by
strain hardening sufficient to meet the required mechanical
NOTE 3—Solution annealing temperatures above 1950 °F [1065 °C]
may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent properties. Annealing in accordance with Table 2 is permitted
exposure to sensitizing conditions for the stabilized grades. When inter- between strain hardening steps. The solution annealed and
granular corrosion is of concern, the purchaser should specify Practice E strain hardened material shall be capable of meeting the

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 A484/A484M − 19
TABLE 2 Annealing Requirements
Cooling/Testing Permitted AnnealingB
Designation/Type TemperatureA
Requirements Separate Process
Austenitic (Chromium-Nickel)
(Chromium-Nickel-Manganese)
C
All austenitic grades except as listed below 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xD

E
All Cr-Ni-Mn grades, 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xD
302, S30215, S30452, S30600, S30615, 308, S30815,
S30880, 309, 309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, S31725,
S31726, S32615, S38100

E
309Cb, 310Cb, 316Cb, 316Ti, 321, 347, 348 1900 °F [1040 °C] x

E
304H, 309H, 310H, 316H 1900 °F [1040 °C] x

321H, 347H, 348H

E
Hot-worked 1925 °F [1050 °C] x
E
Cold-worked 2000 °F [1095 °C] x

E
S31254, S32050 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31727, S32053 1975 ° to 2155 °F [1080° to 1180 °C] x
E
S33228 2050° to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S34565 2050° to 2140 °F [1120° to 1170 °C] x
E
S35315 2010 °F [1100 °C] x
E
N08367 2025 °F [1105 °C] x
E
N08700 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08020 1700 to 1850 °F [930 to 1010 °C] x
E
N08810 2050 °F [1120 °C] x
E
N08811 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
N08904 2000 °F [1095 °C] x
E
N08925, N08926 2010 to 2100 °F [1100 to 1150 °C] x
Austenitic-Ferritic
(Duplex)
E
S32100 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S31260 1870° to 2010 °F [1020° to 1100 °C] x xF
E
S31266 2100 °F [1150 °C] x
E
S31803 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32101 1870 °F [1020 °C] x xF
E
S32202 1800 to 1975 °F [980 to 1080 °C] x xF
G
S32205 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32304 1800 °F [980 °C] x xF
E
S32506 1870° to 2050 °F [1020° to 1120 °C] x xF
E
S32550 1900 °F [1040 °C] x xF
E
S32750 1880 °F [1025 °C] x xF
E
S32760 2010 °F [1100 °C] x xF
E
S32808 1925 to 2100 °F [1050 to 1150 °C] x xF
E
S32900 1750° ± 25 °F [955°± 15 °C] x xF
E
S32906 1830° to 2100 °F [1000° to 1150 °C] x xF
E
S32950 1850° ± 25 °F [1010°± 15 °C] x xF
E
S82441 1830 °F [1000 °C] x xF
A
Minimum annealing temperature unless otherwise specified.
B
Permitted annealing procedure, see 7.2.2.
C
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of carbides, as demonstrable by the capability of passing Practice E
of Practices A262. Performance of the test is not required unless specified in the purchase order.
D
Minimum temperature at which hot rolling is completed shall be 1850 °F [1010 °C].
E
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
F
Minimum temperature at which hot rolling is completed shall be the minimum temperature for separate annealing.
G
Quenched in water.

intergranular corrosion test requirements of Practice E of in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing
Practices A262. Practice E of Practices A262 is not required for cold finishing and straightening permitted.
unless specified on the purchase order.
7.3 Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Grades:
7.2.4.1 Individual product specifications are permitted to
define particular strain hardened conditions as functions of 7.3.1 The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grades shall be fur-
grade, size, and degree of strain hardening. nished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with
7.2.5 Hot-Rolled Austenitic Grades—Individual product Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing
specifications are permitted to define requirements for particu- and straightening permitted.
lar hot-rolled austenitic grades without annealing. 7.3.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the duplex grades shall
7.2.6 Except when strain-hardened (see 7.2.4), UNS be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate
N08020 shall be furnished in the stabilized annealed condition annealing treatment or by process annealing.

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 A484/A484M − 19
7.3.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of machine straightening. The producer is permitted to use
heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for centerless grinding, polishing, or other operations commonly
the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to associated with cold finishing in order to provide improved
permit dissolution of intermetallic phases, and cooling rapidly dimensional tolerances or surface condition for the hot-finished
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic bar. The dimensional tolerances applicable to hot-finished bars
phases. are less stringent than those applicable to cold-finished bars.
7.3.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot 8.1.2 Bars Cut from Strip or Plate—Bars cut from flat-rolled
working above the minimum annealing temperature required stainless steel products shall have two surfaces that are pickled
for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly or descaled, and two cut surfaces, except when the bar is heat
enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic treated subsequent to cutting, in which case all surfaces shall
phases. be descaled or pickled.
7.4 Ferritic Grades—Ferritic grades shall be annealed to 8.1.3 Cold-Finished Bar—Cold-finished bars shall have the
meet their respective mechanical testing requirements as surface finish that results from hot-finished bars being further
shown in the applicable product specification. processed by additional mechanical operations on the surface
of the bar, including but not limited to light cold drawing,
7.5 Martensitic Grades: burnishing, centerless grinding, and polishing to provide closer
7.5.1 All martensitic grades shall be supplied in either the tolerances and improved surface finish. The dimensional tol-
annealed condition or in the tempered condition as specified by erances applicable to cold-finished bars are more stringent than
the purchaser. Tempered material shall be normalized, or shall those applicable to hot-finished bars.
be liquid quenched from 1700 °F [925 °C], minimum, fol- 8.1.4 Bars and Billets or Other Semi-Finished Material for
lowed by tempering in accordance with 7.5.2, 7.5.3, or 7.5.4. Reforging—Material intended for reforging shall be delivered
7.5.2 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall be held at in the hot-finished condition or in the cold-drawn condition.
the tempering temperature for at least 1 h/in. (25.4 mm) of The cold-drawn condition alternative is only permitted for
cross section as follows: austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. When
7.5.2.1 Condition 1—1250 °F [675 °C] minimum, 1400 °F delivered in the hot-finished condition, it is permitted to
[760 °C] maximum. condition the surface by removing surface defects provided
7.5.2.2 Condition 2—1100 °F [595 °C] minimum, 1400 °F that the depth of the conditioning does not exceed that which
[760 °C] maximum. affects the surface condition or dimensions of the article to be
7.5.2.3 Condition 3—1050 °F [565 °C] minimum, 1400 °F forged from the bar or billet. When delivered in the cold-drawn
[760 °C] maximum. condition, it is permitted to hot forge forgings from cold-drawn
7.5.3 Types XM-30, 414, and 431 tempered materials shall bar provided this bar has been cold-drawn from material in the
be held at 1100 °F [595 °C], minimum for at least 1 h/in. solution-annealed condition.
[25 mm] of cross section. Maximum tempering temperature
8.1.5 Shapes—Shapes shall be descaled by machining,
shall be 1400 °F [760 °C].
grinding, blasting, or pickling.
7.5.4 S41500 shall be heated to 1750 °F [955 °C] minimum,
8.1.5.1 Shapes shall be subject to either Class A or Class C
air cooled to 200 °F [95 °C] or lower prior to any optional
surface preparation as specified on the purchase order. Class A
intermediate temper and prior to the final temper. The final
consists of grinding for the removal of imperfections of a
temper shall be between 1050 °F [565 °C] and 1150 °F
hazardous nature, such as fins, tears, and jagged edges,
[620 °C].
provided the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and the
7.5.5 When the purchaser elects to perform the hardening
maximum depth of grinding at any one point does not exceed
and tempering heat treatment, martensitic materials shall be
10 % of the thickness of the section. Class C consists of
supplied by the manufacturer in the annealed condition (see
grinding for the removal of all visible surface imperfections,
7.5.1). In this case the purchaser shall be responsible to apply
provided that the underweight tolerance is not exceeded and
the proper heat treatment and to conduct the tests deemed
the maximum depth of grinding at any point does not exceed
necessary to assure that the required properties are obtained.
10 % of the thickness of the section.
8. Finish 8.1.6 Forgings—Forgings shall be descaled by machining,
blasting, or pickling. The selection of the descaling methods
8.1 The following types of finishes are permitted, as appli- shall be at the option of the producer unless a particular
cable to the product ordered: descaling method is specified in the purchase order.
8.1.1 Hot-Finished Bars—Hot-finished bars shall have the
surface finish that results from hot processing, with or without
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
certain additional surface modification. Hot-finished bars are
commonly produced by hot rolling, forging, pressing, 9.1 Unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, the
extruding, or similar hot working procedures applied to ingots, material shall conform to the permitted variations in dimen-
blooms, or billets. The resulting products are typically subject sions as specified in the following:
to various additional operations affecting the surface of the 9.1.1 Bars—Tables 3-12.
bars, including but not limited to one or more of the following: 9.1.2 Shapes—Tables 13-19 and Figs. 1 and 2.
annealing or other heat treatment; cleaning by blasting, 9.1.3 Forgings—As specified in the purchase order, or in
pickling, or other descaling methods; rough turning; and prints or sketches accompanying the purchase order.

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TABLE 3 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Finished Round, Turned,A and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Size,
in. [mm] Out-of-RoundB or
Specified Size, in. [mm]
Out-of-Square,C in. [mm]
Over Under
⁄ to 7⁄16 [8.00 to 11.00], inclD
5 16 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15] 0.009 [0.23]
Over 7⁄16 to 5⁄8 [11.00 to 15.50], inclD 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.010 [0.26]
Over 5⁄8 to 7⁄8 [15.50 to 22.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.008 [0.20] 0.012 [0.30]
Over 7⁄8 to 1 [22.00 to 25.00], incl 0.009 [0.23] 0.009 [0.23] 0.013 [0.34]
Over 1 to 11⁄8 [25.00 to 28.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 11⁄8 to 11⁄4 [28.00 to 31.50], incl 0.011 [0.28] 0.011 [0.28] 0.016 [0.42]
Over 11⁄4 to 13⁄8 [31.50 to 34.50], incl 0.012 [0.30] 0.012 [0.30] 0.018 [0.46]
Over 13⁄8 to 11⁄2 [34.50 to 38.00], incl 0.014 [0.35] 0.014 [0.35] 0.021 [0.53]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl 1⁄64 [0.40] 1⁄64 [0.40] 0.023 [0.60]
Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl 1⁄32 [0.80] 0 0.023 [0.60]
Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl 3⁄64 [1.20] 0 0.035 [0.90]
Over 31⁄2 to 41⁄2 [90.00 to 115.00], incl 1⁄16 [1.60] 0 0.046 [1.20]
Over 41⁄2 to 51⁄2 [115.00 to 140.00], incl 5⁄64 [2.00] 0 0.058 [1.50]
Over 51⁄2 to 61⁄2 [140.00 to 165.00], incl 1⁄8 [3.00] 0 0.070 [1.80]
Over 61⁄2 to 8 [165.00 to 200.00], incl 5⁄32 [4.00] 0 0.085 [2.20]
Over 8 to 12 [200.00 to 300.00], inclA 3⁄16 [4.80] 0 3⁄32 [2.40]

Over 12 to 15 [300.00 to 400.00], inclA 7⁄32 [5.50] 0 7⁄64 [2.80]

Over 15 to 25 [400.00 to 625.00], inclA 1⁄4 [6.50] 0 1⁄8 [3.20]

A
Turned bars are generally available from 2 to 25 in. [50 to 625 mm] in diameter, over 8 in. [200 mm] only turned bars are available.
B
Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar measured at the same cross section.
C
Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
D
Size tolerances have not been evolved for round sections in the size range of 5⁄16 in. [8.00 mm] to approximately 5⁄8 in. [15.5 mm] in diameter which are produced on
rod mills in coils.

TABLE 4 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Finished Hexagonal and Octagonal Bar

Permitted Variations from Specified Size, Maximum Difference in 3
Specified Sizes Measured Between Opposite in. [mm] Measurements for Hexagons
Sides, in. [mm]
Over Under Only, in. [mm]
⁄ to 1⁄2 [6.50 to 13.00], incl
14 0.007 [0.18] 0.007 [0.18] 0.011 [0.28]
Over 1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 1 to 11⁄2 [25.00 to 38.00], incl 0.021 [0.53] 0.021 [0.53] 0.025 [0.64]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], incl 1⁄32 [0.80] 1⁄3 [0.80] 1⁄32 [0.80]

Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20]

Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60]

TABLE 5 Permitted Variations in Thickness and Width for Hot-Finished Flat Bars Rolled as Bars
Permitted Variations in Thickness for Thicknesses Given, in. [mm] Permitted
Variations in
Specified Width, 1⁄8 to 1⁄2 Over 1⁄2 to 1 Over 1 to 2 Over 2 to 4 Over 4 to 6 Over 6 to 8 Width, in,
in. [mm] [3.2 to 13], incl [13 to 25], incl [25 to 50], incl [50 to 100], incl [100 to 150], incl [150 to 200], incl [mm]
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under
To 1 [25.00], incl 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.010 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.015 0.015
[0.20] [0.20] [0.25] [0.25] [0.40] [0.40]
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.031 0.031 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.031 0.031
50.00], incl [0.30] [0.30] [0.40] [0.40] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80]
Over 2 to 4 [50.00 to 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 ... ... ... ... 0.062 0.031
100.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80]
Over 4 to 6 [100.00 to 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 ... ... 0.093 0.062
150.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [2.40] [1.60]
Over 6 to 8 [150.00 to 0.016 0.016 0.025 0.025 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.125 0.156
200.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.65] [0.65] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [3.20] [4.00]
Over 8 to 10 [200.00 to 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.156 0.187
250.00], incl [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [4.00] [4.80]

9.1.4 Billets or Other Semi-Finished Material for tions shall be of such a nature or degree for the type and quality
Reforging—Billets and other semi-finished material shall con- ordered, that they shall not adversely affect the forming,
form to the shape and dimensions specified by the purchaser machining, or fabrication of finished parts.
within a permitted variation of 65 %.
11. Sampling
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 The material shall be of uniform quality consistent 11.1 A lot for product analysis shall consist of all bars,
with good manufacturing and inspection practices. Imperfec- shapes, or forgings made from the same heat.

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TABLE 6 Permitted Variations in Dimensions for Flat Bars Cut from Strip or Plate
Permitted Variation in Permitted Variation in
Permitted VariationA in Width
Thickness, in. [mm] LengthB
Order Thickness
Widths to 4 [100] Widths Over 4 [100]
Over Under Over Under
Over Under Over Under
Over 0.114 to 0.130 [2.90 to 3.30], 0.010 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
incl [0.25] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
Over 0.130 to 0.145 [3.30 to 3.70], 0.012 0.012 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
incl [0.30] [0.30] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
Over 0.145 to less than 3⁄16, [3.70 0.014 0.014 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
to 4.80] [0.35] [0.35] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
3⁄16 to 3⁄8 [4.80 to 9.00], excl 0.050 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.25] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
38 ⁄ to 3⁄4 [9.00 to 19.00], excl 0.060 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.50] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
34 ⁄ to 1 [19.00 to 25.00], excl 0.065 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.65] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], excl 0.075 0.010 0.094 0.031 0.094 0.094 0.188 0
[1.90] [0.25] [2.40] [0.80] [2.40] [2.40] [4.80] 0
2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], excl 0.150 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[3.80] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50] 0
3 to 4 [75.00 to 100.00], excl 0.210 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[5.30] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50] 0
4 to 6 [100.00 to 150.00], excl 0.300 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[7.60] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50] 0
6 to 8 [150.00 to 200.00], excl 0.420 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[10.65] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50] 0
8 to 10 [200.00 to 250.00], excl 0.540 0.010 0.125 0.062 0.125 0.125 0.250 0
[13.70] [0.25] [3.00] [1.60] [3.00] [3.00] [6.50] 0
A
By agreement between purchaser and seller, tolerances can be shifted as desired to any combination of plus-minus tolerance between all minus and all plus.
B
Not applicable when bars are ordered random length.

TABLE 7 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold-Finished TABLE 8 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold Finished
Round Bars Hexagonal, Octagonal, and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Permitted Variations from
Size, in. [mm]A,B Specified Size,
Specified Size, in. [mm] in. [mm]B
Under Specified Size,A in. [mm]
Over
Under
Over
⁄ to 5⁄16 [1.50 to 8.00], excl
1 16 0.001 [0.03] 0.001 [0.03]
5⁄16 to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl 0.0015 [0.04] 0.0015 [0.04] ⁄ to 5⁄16 [3.00 to 8.00], excl
18 0 0.002 [0.05]
1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], excl 0.002 [0.05] 0.002 [0.05] ⁄ to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl
5 16 0 0.003 [0.08]
1 to 11⁄2 [25.00 to 38.00], excl 0.0025 [0.06] 0.0025 [0.06] 1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], incl 0 0.004 [0.10]
11⁄2 to 31⁄4 [38.00 to 83.00], inclC 0.003 [0.08] 0.003 [0.08] Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0 0.006 [0.15]
31⁄4 to 4 [83.00 to 100], inclC 0.005 [0.13] 0.005 [0.13] Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0 0.008 [0.20]
A Over 3 [75.00] 0 0.010 [0.25]
Unless otherwise specified, size tolerances are over and under as shown in the
A
above table. When required, however, they may be specified all over and nothing Distance across flats.
B
under, or all under and nothing over, or any combination of over and under, if the When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size
total spread in size tolerance for a specified size is not less than the total spread tolerances are double those shown in the table.
shown in the table.
B
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size
tolerances are double those shown in the table.
C
Cold-finished bars over 4 in. [100 mm] in diameter are produced; size tolerances heat, and the same heat treat charge in a batch-type furnace or
for such bars are not included herein. under the same conditions in a continuous furnace.
11.2.1 For forgings weighing from 1000 lb [500 kg] to
5000 lb [2500 kg] each, a lot shall consist of one size classi-
fication from each heat and each heat-treating charge. Where
11.2 For other tests required by the product specification, a continuous heat-treating furnaces are used, a lot shall consist of
lot shall consist of all bar products of the same size, or forgings one size classification from each heat, heated in a period of 8 h
weighing less than 1000 lb [500 kg] each, from the same heat, or less.
and produced under the same processing conditions. All 11.2.2 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 to
austenitic, ferritic, austenitic-ferritic, and free-machining 7000 lb [2300 to 3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a lot.
grades, martensitic grades annealed to Condition A, and 11.2.3 For all classes of forgings weighing more than
precipitation or age-hardening grades when solution treated are 7000 lb [3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a double lot,
permitted to be heat treated in the same furnace or in several and two tension tests shall be required, one from each end of
furnaces utilizing controlled processing and equipment (see each forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test
Appendix X1). When heat treating martensitic stainless steels specimens shall be removed from each of two locations on the
to Condition T or H, and when age hardening the precipitation periphery, approximately 180° apart, and insofar as practicable,
hardening grades, a lot shall consist of the same size, same from opposite ends of the forging.

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TABLE 9 Permitted Variations in Width and Thickness of Cold- TABLE 11 Permitted Variations in Length of Hot-Finished or
Finished Flat Bars Cold-Finished Bars Machine Cut After Machine StraighteningA
Permitted Variations in Width, Over and NOTE 1—These tolerances are not applicable when bars are ordered
Under, in. [mm]A random length.
Width, in. [mm] For Thicknesses Specified Size of
For Thicknesses Permitted Variations in Length, in. [mm]
1⁄4 in. [6.5]
Over 1⁄4 in. Rounds, Squares,
[6.5] For Lengths up to 12 For Lengths Over 12
and Under Hexagons, Octa-
ft [4 m], incl to 25 ft [4 to 8 m], incl
gons, and Width of
1⁄16 to 3⁄8 [1.50 to 9.50], incl 0.005 [0.12] 0.005 [0.12] Flats,B in. [mm] Over Under Over Under
Over 3⁄8 to 1 [9.50 to 25.00], incl 0.004 [0.10] 0.004 [0.10] To 3 [75], incl 0 0
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.004 [0.10] Over 3 [75] to 12 [225 to 300], ⁄ [13.0]
12 0 ⁄ [13.0]
12 0
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.004 [0.10] incl
Over 3 to 41⁄2 [75.00 to 115.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.005 [0.13] A
Table 11 does not apply to product produced on coil to bar equipment.
B
The maximum width of bar flats is 10 in. [250 mm].
Permitted Variations
in Thickness, Over
Thickness, in. [mm]
and Under, in [mm]A
TABLE 12 Permitted Variations in Straightness of Machine
Straightened Hot-Finished or Cold-Finished BarsA
Up to .029 [0.70], incl 0.001 [0.03]
Over .029 to .035 [0.70 to 1.00], incl 0.0015 [0.04] Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straightedge.
Over .035 to 1 [1.00 to 25.00], incl 0.002 [0.05] Unless otherwise specified, hot-finished or cold-finished bars for machining
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0.003 [0.08] purposes are furnished machine straightened to the following tolerances:
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.004 [0.10] Hot finished:
1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm] in any 5 ft [1.50 m]; but may not exceed
Over 3 to 41⁄2 [75.00 to 115.00], inclB 0.005 [0.13]
1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm] x (length in ft/5) [m/1.50]
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, size Cold finished:
tolerances are double those shown in the table. 1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] in any 5 ft [1.5 m]; but may not exceed
B
Cold-finished flat bars over 41⁄2 in. [115 mm] wide or thick are produced; width 1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] x (length in ft/5) [m/1.50]
and thickness tolerances for such bars are not included herein.
A
Straightness tolerances have not been established for sizes less than 1⁄2 in.
[13.00 mm].

TABLE 10 Permitted Variations in Length of Hot-Finished or

Cold-Finished Bars
TABLE 13 Permitted Variations for Hot-Finished Angles
Permitted Variations in Length, in. [mm]B
Specified Size of NOTE 1—For unequal leg angles, the longer leg determines the
For Lengths Over
Rounds, Squares, For Lengths up tolerance for the length of each leg.
12 to 25 ft
Hexagons, Octa- to 12 ftC [4 to 8 m],
gons, and Widths [4 m], incl Weight:A
incl For angles of 6 lb/ft [9.0 kg/m] or less, the weight tolerances shall not exceed
of Flats,A in. [mm]
Over Under Over Under ±71⁄2 %. For angles over 6 lb/ft [9 kg/m], the weight tolerance shall not exceed
±41⁄2 %.
Up to 6 [150.00], incl 1 [25] 0 11⁄4 [31.50] 0
Length of Legs:
Over 6 to 9 [150.00 to 11⁄4 [31.5] 0 11⁄2 [38.00] 0
For angles having legs or flanges up to 6 in. [150 mm], incl, the length toler-
225.00], incl
ance shall not exceed ±1⁄8 in. [3.00 mm]. For angles having legs or flanges over
Over 9 to 12 [225.00 to 11⁄2 [38] 0 2 [50.00] 0
6 in., the length tolerance shall not exceed +3⁄16 in. [5.00 mm] and -1⁄8 in.
300.00], incl
Squareness of Legs:
A
The maximum width of bar flats is 10 in. [250 mm]. The tolerance for the right angle between the legs is ±2°.
B
Random Lengths—When ordered as random lengths, permissible variation is A
2 ft [0.6 m] over and under the specified length. When ordered as random lengths For equal leg angles, the theoretical weight per foot is:
subject to a minimum length requirement, permissible variation is 2 ft [0.6 m] over Weight/foot = (24 W × t − 12t 2) (0.2871 lb/ft)
and nothing under the specified length. where W is the specified length of the leg, and t is the specified thickness, both in
C
For lengths under 3 ft [1 m] and sizes up to 1⁄2 in. [13.00 mm] incl., the inches.
permissible variation in length is 1⁄32 in. [0.80 mm] over and nothing under. For unequal leg angles, the theoretical weight per foot is:
Weight/foot = [12 W1 × t + 12 W2 × t− 12t 2] (0.2871 lb/ft)
where W1 and W2 are the specified leg lengths, and t is the specified leg
thickness, all in inches.
12. Number of Tests and Retests
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product specification,
one sample per heat shall be selected for chemical analysis and and surface of the product. Tension tests on forgings shall be
one mechanical test sample shall be selected from each lot of prepared from suitable prolongations, or at the option of the
bars and shapes and from each lot of forgings. Except for bars supplier, excess forgings may be provided for test. All tests
cut from strip or plate, tension tests of bars and shapes shall be shall conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements of
made in the longitudinal direction or, at the manufacturer’s the product specification.
option unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, in the
transverse (through thickness) direction. Material tensile tested 12.2 One intergranular corrosion test, when required, and
in the transverse direction and meeting the specified tensile one grain size test, when required shall be made on each lot.
property requirements need not be tested in the longitudinal Often, it is convenient to obtain test material from the
direction. Testing for bars cut from strip or plate shall conform specimen selected for mechanical testing.
to the requirements of the applicable product specification for 12.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
the strip or plate and to Specification A480/A480M. Hardness flaws, it is permitted to discard the specimen and to substitute
tests on bars shall be conducted midway between the center another specimen.

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TABLE 14 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Finished Channels
Size Tolerances, Over and Under, in. [mm]
Thickness of Web for Thickness Given Out-of-SquareB of
Specified Size of Channel, in. [mm] Either Flange, in./in.
Depth of SectionA Width of Flanges To 3⁄16 incl Over 3⁄16 [mm/ mm] of
[5.00 mm] [5.00 mm] Flange Width
To 11⁄2 [38.00], incl ⁄
3 64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20] 0.015 [0.41] 0.023 [0.60] 3⁄64 [1.20]

Over 11⁄2 to 3 [38.00 to 75.00], excl ⁄

3 32 [2.40] 3⁄32 [2.40] 0.023 [0.60] 0.030 [0.80] 3⁄64 [1.20]

A
Channel depth is measured at back of web.
B
For channels 5⁄8 in. [15.50 mm] and under in depth, the out-of-square tolerance is 5⁄64 in./in. [2.00 mm/mm] of depth. Out-of-squareness is determined by placing a square
against the bottom surface of the web and measuring the amount of toe-in or toe-out of either flange. Measurements for depth of section and width of flanges are over-all.

TABLE 15 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Finished Tees

Width or Depth, in.B Thickness of Flange, in. [mm] Thickness of Stem, in. [mm] Stem Out-of-
Specified Size of Tee,
SquareC in.
in. [mm]A Over Under Over Under Over Under [mm]
To 11⁄2 [38.00], incl. 5⁄64 [2.00] 5⁄64 [2.00] 0.015 [0.38] 0.015 [0.38] 0.008 [0.20] 0.030 [0.75] 3⁄64 [1.20]

Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], 3⁄32 [2.40] 3⁄32 [2.40] 0.018 [0.46] 0.018 [0.46] 0.015 [0.38] 0.030 [0.75] 3⁄32 [2.40]

incl
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], ⁄
9 64 [3.60] ⁄
9 64 [3.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.030 [0.75] ⁄
9 64 [3.60]
excl
A
The longer member of an unequal tee determines the size for tolerances.
B
Measurements for both width and depth are over-all.
C
Stem out-of-square is the variation from its true position of the center line of stem measured at the point.

TABLE 16 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Extruded Shapes TABLE 18 Length Tolerances for Extruded Shape LengthA,B
Section Tolerances, in. [mm] For Lengths up to 12 ft For Lengths over 12 ft
Specified Size, in [mm] Specified Size [4 m], incl. [4 m]
Over Under
Over Under Over Under
Dimensions under 1 [25] 0.020 0.020 Up to 3 in. [75 mm], excl ⁄16 in. [4.8 mm]
3 0 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] 0
[0.50] [0.50] A
Dimensions 1 to 3 [25 to 75], excl 0.031 0.031 Multiple Lengths—Unless otherwise specified, 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] is added to the
[0.80] [0.80] total length of each piece for each multiple contained.
B
Dimensions 3 to 4 [75 to 100], incl. 0.046 0.046 Random Lengths—When ordered as random lengths, permissible variation is 2
[1.20] [1.20] ft [0.6 m] over and under the specified length. When ordered as random lengths
Over 4 [100] 0.062 0.062 subject to a minimum length requirement, permissible variation is 2 ft [0.6 m] over
[1.60] [1.60] and nothing under the specified length.

TABLE 17 Angularity Tolerance for Extruded Shapes 14. Test Methods

Plus and minus max 2° 14.1 The properties enumerated in the applicable product
specification shall be tested in accordance with the following
ASTM methods:
14.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751.
14.1.2 Tension Tests—Test Methods and Definitions A370.
14.1.3 Stress Rupture—Test Methods E139.
14.1.4 Brinell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions
A370.
14.1.5 Rockwell Hardness—Test Methods and Definitions
A370.
12.4 If the results of any test are not in conformance with 14.1.6 Intergranular Corrosion—Practice E of Practices
the requirements of this specification or the requirements of the A262.
applicable product specification, it is permitted to retest a new 14.1.7 Grain Size—Test Methods E112.
sample of two specimens, to replace the original failed sample. 14.1.8 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test—Test Methods and
If one of the retest specimens fails, the lot shall be rejected. Definitions A370.
13. Retreatment 15. Inspection
13.1 Where the failure of a lot is attributable to inadequate 15.1 Civilian Procurement—Inspection of the material shall
heat treatment, the producer may reheat treat the material and be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as
submit the retreated material for test. part of the purchase contract.

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 A484/A484M − 19
TABLE 19 Twist Tolerances 16. Rejection and Rehearing
NOTE 1—The amount of spiraling in an extruded shape is called twist. 16.1 The purchaser is permitted to reject material that fails
It can be measured by the height of the high corner from a flat reference to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
base (established rise).
shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly, prefer-
NOTE 2—Using the following calculation the twist tolerance must not ably in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of a
exceed what is shown in the table. test, the producer or supplier is permitted to make claim for a
rehearing.

17. Certification
17.1 A certified report of the test results shall be furnished at
time of shipment. The report shall include the ASTM specifi-
cation designation, year date and revision, if any.
17.2 A document printed from or used in electronic form
established rise x number of ft in length from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
Rise in 5 ft. =
5 regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
Section Width Rise in 5 ft document shall meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
⁄ in. [13 mm] to 11⁄2 in. [39 mm]
12 0.125 in. [3.00 mm] standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
Over 11⁄2 in. [39 mm] to 4 in. [100 mm] 0.188 in. [4.80 mm]
Over 4 in. [100 mm] 0.250 in. [6.50 mm] tween the purchaser and the supplier. Not withstanding the
absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
transmission is responsible for the content of the report.

18. Product Marking

18.1 Civilian Procurement:
18.1.1 Bars and shapes shall be marked or tagged with the
name of manufacturer, purchaser’s name and order number,
ASTM specification designation, heat number, grade or type,
condition, finish, and where appropriate, the size, length, and
NOTE 1—Camber or bow tolerances shall not exceed 0.025 in. [0.60 weight. Unless otherwise specified, the method of marking is at
mm] × length in ft [m⁄3 ]. the option of the manufacturer. Marking shall be made by hot
Camber tolerances for hot finished or extruded shapes camber (or bow) stamping, cold stamping, or painting of bars, or by marking
is the greatest deviation of a side from a straight line. Measurement is tags attached to bundles, lifts, or boxes.
taken on the concave side of the shapes with a straight edge.
FIG. 1 Camber or Bow Tolerances
18.1.2 Forgings shall be legibly die stamped with the
manufacturer’s symbol or name, material specification
designation, grade or type, and heat identification. When die
stamping is not permitted by the purchaser, electric pencil or
electro-etching shall be used.
18.2 Government Procurement:
NOTE 1—Allowable deviation from flat is max 0.010 in. [0.25 mm] per
18.2.1 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct
1 in. [25 mm] of width. Maximum deviation on dimensions of less than 1 procurement by or direct shipment to the government, marking
in. [25 mm] is 0.010 in. [0.250 mm]. for shipment, in addition to any requirements specified in the
The transverse flatness tolerance is the maximum deviation from a contract or order, shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129
reference base across any cross-section flat surface. for military agencies and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123
FIG. 2 Transverse Flatness Tolerances
for civil agencies.
18.2.2 For government procurement by the Defense Supply
15.2 Government Procurement—Unless otherwise specified Agency, bars and shapes shall be marked continuously for
in the contract or purchase order: the seller is responsible for identification in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 183.
the performance of all inspection and test requirements in this
specification; the seller is permitted to use their own facilities 19. Packaging and Package Marking
or other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection
and testing; and, the purchaser shall have the right to perform 19.1 Unless otherwise specified, the bars and shapes shall be
any of the inspection and tests set forth in this specification. packaged and loaded in accordance with Practices A700.
The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all 19.2 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct
reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy purchaser that the procurement by or direct shipment to the government, when
material is being furnished in accordance with the specifica- Level A is specified, preservation, packaging, and packing shall
tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces- be in accordance with the Level A requirements of MIL-STD-
sarily with the manufacturer. 163.

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 A484/A484M − 19
20. Keywords
20.1 general delivery requirements; stainless steel bars;
stainless steel billets; stainless steel forgings; stainless steel
shapes

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS

A1.1 New materials may be proposed for inclusion in A1.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
specifications referencing this Specification of General required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
Requirements, subject to the following conditions: minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
A1.1.1 The application for the addition of a new grade to a from a different heat, shall be furnished.
specification shall be made to the chair of the subcommittee A1.1.4 The application shall provide recommendations for
that has jurisdiction over that specification.
all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
A1.1.2 The application shall be accompanied by a statement
from at least one user indicating that there is a need for the new A1.1.5 The application shall state whether the new grade is
grade to be included in the applicable specification. covered by patent.

A2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FROM OTHER A01 OR B02.07 SPECIFICATIONS

A2.1 Wrought materials that are already covered by an- A2.1.2 The chemical requirements, the specified mechani-
other A01 or B02.07 specification may be proposed for cal properties, and the heat treatment requirements of the grade
inclusion in specifications referencing this specification of being added shall be the same as those for the grade in the A01
general requirements subject to the following conditions: or B02.07 specification in which the grade is presently covered.
A2.1.1 Application for the addition of a grade that is already A2.1.3 The application shall provide recommendations for
covered in another A01 or B02.07 specification shall be made all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
to the chair of the subcommittee that has jurisdiction over that A2.1.4 The application shall state whether or not the grade
the specification to which the grade is to be added. is covered by patent.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RATIONALE REGARDING DEFINITION OF LOT FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION TESTING

X1.1 It is generally recognized that material described as a X1.2.1 Set point temperature and process tolerance match,
lot must be “produced under the same processing conditions,”
X1.2.2 Time at temperature for all thermal treatment shall
which means the same manufacturing order number, same size,
same heat, same heat-treating procedure, and same subsequent match within 10 %,
processing. Under those conditions, single samples can be X1.2.3 All furnaces used be similar in size and meet the
selected to be representative of the total lot, with at least one uniformity requirements of a documented furnace quality
sample for each 20 000 pounds of material. assurance program, and
X1.2 Following the principle described in X1.1 generally X1.2.4 The quench systems are the same with respect to
requires that the producer control each of several furnace loads volume, type of quenchant, and circulation rate.
constituting the same lot so that:

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 A484/A484M − 19
X1.2.5 Further, it would be expected that grouped loads be treating is a process which can be controlled easily throughout
handled within a relatively short time period, and that hardness a batch and from batch to batch, with the net result that
testing be performed on at least one sample per charge. multiple batches can be considered part of a single lot if
equipment and processing parameters meet the mandates of
X1.3 The old definition of a lot for mechanical testing based X1.1 and X1.2.
on simply the words “same size, heat, and heat treatment
charge in a batch furnace” assumes that heat treating is the only X1.4 The sampling specified for mechanical properties is
process affecting properties. This kind of definition ignores the not a statistical sampling plan. Therefore, it provides only
effects of other processing, prior to and subsequent to heat typical data. Assurance of uniformity within the lot can be
treating. Moreover, it assumes that each heat-treated batch will obtained only by the producer adequately controlling the
be uniform and unique rather than reproducible. In reality, heat processing parameters.

X2. BAR CODING

X2.1 Bar coding to identify steel is not specifically ad- steel products and proposes that this bar coding standard be
dressed in Committee A01 specifications. Committee A01 considered as a possible auxiliary method of identification.
endorses the AIAG bar code standard for primary metals for

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A484/A484M – 18a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2019.)

(1) Revised subsections 7.2.4 and 8.1.4.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

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