Scribd
Upload
6 views

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Mitosis is a cell division process resulting in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four non-identical gametes with half the chromosome number. Mitosis includes stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, whereas meiosis consists of two divisions: Meiosis I, which reduces chromosome number, and Meiosis II, which separates sister chromatids. Both processes are essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in eukaryotic organisms.

Uploaded by

Femmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Mitosis is a cell division process resulting in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four non-identical gametes with half the chromosome number. Mitosis includes stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, whereas meiosis consists of two divisions: Meiosis I, which reduces chromosome number, and Meiosis II, which separates sister chromatids. Both processes are essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in eukaryotic organisms.

Uploaded by

Femmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division in eukaryotic cells that results in the formation of two identical
daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells.

STAGES OF MITOSIS

PROPHASE
The initial stage of mitosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two
chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane, and formation of
mitotic spindle.

PROMETAPHASE
The nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers attach to
centromeres, preparing chromosomes for alignment and segregation.

METAPHASE
It is where chromosomes align at the cell’s center, attached to spindle fibers, preparing for
segregation.

ANAPHASE
Where Sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles of cell, driven by spindle fiber
contraction.

TELOPHASE
Chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin decondenses,
restoring nuclear structure before cell division.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (gametes), resulting in four
non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Meiosis I
The first division in meiosis and is known as “reductional division” because it reduces the
chromosome number by half. It separates homologous into two daughter cells, each with a
haploid set of chromosomes.

Stages of Meiosis 1

Interphase
The phase in the cell cycle in which prepares for division by undergoing growth, DNA
replication, and essential metabolic activities. Interphase also has stages namely, G1 phase, S
phase, and G2 phase.

G1 Phase (gap 1)
Through this the cell grows, produces RNA, and synthesizes proteins required for meiosis.
S Phase (synthesis 2)
This is where DNA replication occurs, duplicating each chromosomes forming two identical
sister chromatids.
G2 Phase (gap 2)
The cell grows further and synthesizes proteins and organelles required for meiosis 1.

Prophase
Longest and most complex stage of meiosis 1 this is where the homologous chromosomes start
pairing through process called synapsis forming a structure called synaptonemal complex.
Prophase is divided into five (5) sub stages.

Leptotene - Chromosomes begin to condense and become visible thin threads.


Zygotene- Homologous chromosomes starts pairing through the process of synapsis
Pachytene- Chromosomes thicken further, and crossing over occurs
Diplotene- Synaptonemal complex dissolves, and homologous begin to separate but remain
attached at chiasmata.
Diakinesis- Chromosomes fully condensed, nuclear envelope begins to breakdown, and spindle
fibers start to form.

Metaphase 1
Homologous chromosomes pairs (bivalents) align at the metaphase plate (equator of the cell).
The independent assortment occurs: The orientation of each pair of homologous is random,
leading to genetic variation in gametes.

Anaphase 1
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards the opposite poles of the cell while sister
chromatids remain attached at their centromeres. Each pole receives one set of chromosomes
(haploid)

Telophase 1
Chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, nuclear envelope may re-form around each
set of chromosomes in some species.

Meiosis II
The second division of meiosis characterized by division of sister chromatids, no DNA
replication, And separation of identical chromosomes.

Stages of meiosis II

Prophase II
This is where nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
Metaphase II
Sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles of the cell, resulting in four genetically
distinct haploid daughter cells.

Telophase II
Nuclear envelopes reform around separated chromosomes, chromatin decondenses, and
cytokinesis occurs, producing four genetically unique haploid cells.

Cytokinesis
Final stage where cytoplasm divides, separating four genetically unique haploid cells, forming
gametes (sperm or egg cells)

You might also like