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Animal Categories.pptx

The document discusses the taxonomy of animals, detailing the classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, which organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories. It explains the various taxonomic ranks, including domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, along with examples of each. Additionally, it contrasts taxonomy with phylogeny, emphasizing the methods used to determine evolutionary relationships among species.

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2 views20 pages

Animal Categories.pptx

The document discusses the taxonomy of animals, detailing the classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, which organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories. It explains the various taxonomic ranks, including domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, along with examples of each. Additionally, it contrasts taxonomy with phylogeny, emphasizing the methods used to determine evolutionary relationships among species.

Uploaded by

treasureomotoye
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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o n o m y &Ph y L o g e n

Ta x y
of AnimaLs
AnimaLs

Taxonomy
Process of classifying biodiversity
based on evolutionary relationships
Means to organize biological diversity
Groups and names organisms based
on different characteristics.
CaroLus Linnaeus
(1753)

The Swedish botanist is regarded as the founder


of the current system of taxonomy.
Developed a ranked system known as Linnaean
taxonomy for categorizing organisms and
binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
Taxonomic

Categories
Animal kingdom hierarchy was developed
in 1700 by Carolus Linnaeus. Taxonomy is
broadly categorized into seven groups
that classify all living organisms
DOmAin
THE EARLY TAXONOMISTS DID NOT TAXONOMICALLY
ADD THE DOMAIN YET. MOREOVER, THE TAXONOMIC
LEVEL INCLUDES THREE LIFE DOMAINS:

Eukaryota refers to all the organisms living on


earth (but neither a bacterium nor an archaeon).
Nevertheless, they are more related to Archaea
Domain

Archaea include single-celled organisms that are


evolutionarily close to bacteria and make habitats
in mild or extreme places.

Bacteria include all the bacteria (single-celled


microorganisms) found in a large number than all
animals and plants on the earth.
Kingdom
THE LARGEST AS WELL AS THE FIRST CATEGORY.

Animalia – A kingdom of complex multi-celled organisms that do


not produce their own food. This kingdom contains all living
and extinct animals. Examples include elephants, whales, and
humans

Plantae – Complex and multi-cellular autotrophic organisms,


meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Examples include trees, flowers, and grass.

Fungi – Multi-celled organisms that do not produce their own


food, unlike plants. Examples include molds, mushrooms, and
yeast.
Kingdom
Protista – Single-celled organisms with more complexity than either
eubacteria or archaebacteria. Examples include algae and amoebas

Monera is classified into three sub-kingdoms- Archaebacteria,


Eubacteria, and Cyanobacteria

Eubacteria – This kingdom contains all bacteria in the world not


considered archaebacteria.

Archaebacteria – The oldest known living organisms. Single-celled and


found in hostile and extremely hot areas like thermal vents or hot springs

Cyanobacteria- They are prokaryotic and represent the earliest known


form of life on the earth. Also called blue-green algae
PhYLum
THE RECOGNITION OF ANIMALS INTO FURTHERMORE SMALL
RECOGNIZABLE GROUPS.

Porifera – Marine animals more commonly known as sponges and found in every
ocean on earth.

Cnidaria – is a diverse animal found in every ocean of the world.


Examples include coral, jellyfish, and anemones

Platyhelminthes – Typically parasitic flatworms. They are parasitic and free-living.


Examples include tapeworms and flukes.

Annelida- occurs in terrestrial and aquatic environments and can regenerate and
are generally hermaphrodite, having both male and female organs.
Examples include the common earthworm and leeches
PhYLum
Mollusca- The second-largest phylum by species count, and the
largest marine phylum.
Examples include clams, mussels, and snails

Arthropoda – Invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton and


segmented bodies. Contains insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.
This is the largest phylum by species count.
Examples include scorpions, butterflies, and shrimp

Chordata – Animals that develop a notochord, a cartilaginous


skeletal rod that supports the body in the embryo and can often
become a spine. , including dogs, horses, birds, and humans fall into
this category.
CLASS
DIVIDED INTO MORE SMALL
GROUPS
CLAS EXAMPL
S E
·Agnatha jaw-less fish
·Chrondrichtye cartilaginous
s fish bony fish
·Osteichthyes amphibians
·Amphibia reptiles
·Reptilia birds
·Aves mammal
·Mammalia s
ORDE
R
EACH CLASS COMPRISES ONE OR MORE ORDERS

Artiodactyla (even-toed hoofed animals) – Examples


include moose, camels, and giraffes

Carnivora – Animals that specialize in mostly eating meat,


but also contain some omnivores and herbivores. Examples
include bears.

Rodentia (gnawing mammals) – Examples include beavers,


mice, and squirrels
ORDE
R
Chiropptera (bats) – The only mammals that can fly.
Examples include free-tailed and vampire bats

Cetacea (porpoises and whales) – Examples include


killer whales, dolphins, and hump-backed whales

Primates – Includes prehensile hands and feet,


commonly with opposable thumbs. Examples include
gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans
FAMILIES
Orders can be further categorized
as the Families like Felidae,
Ursidae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidate,
Canidae, etc.
GENUS
A rank consisting of species that have
common attributes.
Genus is a Latin word andmeans “type,”
“sort,” or “origin.”
The genus is the first word of a scientific
name.
EX. Panthera tigris (Panthera, Neofelis, Felis
and Acinonyx etc.)
SPECIES
Most basic category in biological
classification.

They include those organisms that can


interbreed, produce fertile offspring,
have similar attributes, and share the
same DNA.
PHYLOGENY
--- is the branch of science which
concerns the evolutionary relationship of
a species or group of species with a
common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is
a diagram used to reflect evolutionary
relationships among organisms or groups
of organisms.
TAXONOMY VS. PHYLOGENY
---- The key difference between taxonomy and
phylogeny is that taxonomy involves naming and
classifying organisms. Phylogeny is the study of the
relationship of kinship between species throughout
evolution. The goal is to build a phylogenetic tree to
indicate who are the ancestors of a particular species.
It's especially useful to find convergences between
fossilized and current species.
Animals
AnImALS
There are two main methods to
determine the phylogeny of a
Species:
Morphological phylogenetics- uses the similarities in
their morphology to look into the relationships
between living things. Finding convergences between
fossilized and living species is particularly helpful.

Molecular phylogenetics - this is a method used to


study DNA, RNA, and proteins in order to determine
the relationships between different species. Two
species are said to share an ancestor if their nucleotide
and amino acid sequences are sufficiently similar.
AnImALS

ThAnk YOu

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