C5500/C5508/AC

Calorimeter

Instruction Manual

Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd.

 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Contents
Chapter Page

Safety Precautions ......................................................................................................................................................2

Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Features.................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Technical Specifications .......................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Operating Environment ........................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 2 Structure and Operating Principle ...........................................................................................................9
2.1 Structure................................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Internal Structure & Function .............................................................................................................................10
2.3 Basic Operating Principle ...................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 3 Installation & Diagnostics .....................................................................................................................19
3.1 Installation & Diagnostics .................................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Requirements for Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................. 23
Chapter 4 Software ................................................................................................................................................26
4.1 Software Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 26
4.2 System Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3 Install or Uninstall Software ............................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Operating Instruction .......................................................................................................................................... 31
4.4.3 Function Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Chapter 5 Operation...............................................................................................................................................85
5.1 Routine Operations ............................................................................................................................................. 85
5.2 Watering Procedures of the Calorimeter ............................................................................................................. 86
5.3 Water Release Procedures of Calorimeter .......................................................................................................... 87
5.4 Test Method ........................................................................................................................................................ 87
5.5 Precautions for the Use of water chiller .............................................................................................................. 88
Chapter 6 Maintenance & Troubleshooting...........................................................................................................91
6.1 Accessory Assembly ........................................................................................................................................... 91
6.2 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................................. 98
6.3 Cleaning ............................................................................................................................................................ 106
Chapter 7 Structure Diagram ...............................................................................................................................107
Appendix A Calculation Formulas of the Calorimeter (GB/T 213-2008) ..............................................................108
Appendix B Biomass Fuel Application ..................................................................................................................111

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Safety Precautions

Caution Symbols

This symbol indicates a caution.

(Refer to the manual for specific instructions.)

This symbol indicates a risk of electric shock.

(Refer to the manual for specific instructions.)

This symbol indicates being corrosive.

(Refer to the manual for specific instructions.)

Note: The information in this manual is subject to change without prior notice.

Safety of Electricity
 Ensure the equipment is well grounded. Do use three-phase plug and three-phase socket. Do NOT
change the original standard power cord.

 The thunder and lightning may cause a risk on you. Do NOT operate this equipment during
thunderstorm and it must be disconnect from facility power and external internet wire.

 Do NOT operate the equipment together with high-power electrical equipment by one power socket,
lest it may result in unstable voltage.

 Do NOT plug out any component or cord before power-off.

 Regularly check the power cord and power plug and make sure they are in a good condition and not
pressed by other things.

Safety of Gas Supply

 The gas required should be 99.5% pure oxygen. No electrolytic oxygen is allowed.

 Regularly check the gas regulator. The pressure in cylinder should not be less than 4 MPa.

 Pressure in charging Oxygen bomb should not be more than 3.2 MPa. Check the gas leakage for
oxygen bomb and cylinder.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Safety of Fuel
 Benzoic acid must be compressed into tablets when in combustion.
 All flammable powders should be compressed into tablets before combustion.
 Moisturize dried powders as sawdust, hay or straw which will go into combustion in the form of
explosion.
 No direct contact between combustible solution with low vapor pressure and ignition wire!
 Toxic residues may be left in many possible matrices, gas, ash or sediment, posing danger of
dissolution to the internal wall of oxygen bomb.

Safety of Operation

Compressed oxygen can not only create an environment to precipitate combustion, but may cause
explosion due to violent chemical reaction when come into contact with volatile material. Be careful not
to touch parts where gas leakage may happen during oxygen charging and gas discharging. Don’t put
anything comprising oil or ester to hand when in operation. Close gas source first and the decompress
tube system if it is needed to check the system for problems.
When burning material of unknown qualities, it is recommended for operators to leave the room or keep
a safe distance with calorimeter.

Safety of Equipment

 New oxygen bomb or the one with replaced components (bomb, bomb head, closure ring) can only
be used after 20.0 MPa hydrostatic pressure test.
 Regularly check the strengthening components of oxygen bomb, including thread between closure
ring and bomb, connecting parts of inlet valve, exhaust valve, electrodes and bomb. Repair the
oxygen bomb and perform hydrostatic pressure test when visible wearing or loosening occurs.

Perform 20.0MPa hydraulic pressure test to oxygen bomb periodically. To ensure safe operation,
please stop using the oxygen bomb and have hydraulic pressure test as well as thread test when any of
the following circumstances occurs.
1. Used for less than 4 years and it’s been over 2 years since previous test.
2. Used for over 4 years and it’s been more than a year since previous test.
3. Used for more than 5000 times since previous test.
4. Visible wearing closure ring.
When closure ring is placed right above the bomb, the closure ring falls more than two threads
without clockwise rotation.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Note:
When the same type of Oxygen bombs is used but in different design, each bomb should be
used as a complete unit. The exchange of vessel components may result in severe accident in
operation.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Preface

Thank you for purchasing our 5E-C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter, and please read this instruction manual
carefully before unpacking, setting up or operating this equipment.

In case of any doubt, please contact our technical personnel for support.

Please check all items according to the packing list before installing the instrument.

*CKIC continuously improve performance and appearance of its products, therefore appearance
and software interface are subject to change without advanced notice.
If the appearance and software interface are in consistent with the manual, the physical object or
contract requirements shall prevail.

Calorimeter is an instrument to measure the calorific value of substances. It is mainly used in China to
measure the calorific value of coal, petroleum and other substances. The measurement accuracy and
stability, convenience of operation, and rapidity of experiment directly affect the efficiency and
economic benefit of work.

5E-C5500/C5508/AC calorimeter is a new generation launched by CKIC based on the original

calorimeter. This instrument can accurately and reliably detect the calorific value of solid and liquid
combustible materials such as coal, oil, explosives, grain, fodder and cement.

The measurement method of 5E-C5500/C5508/AC calorimeter is the oxygen bomb method, that is, a
certain amount of fuel is completely burned in a closed cylinder with high pressure and pure oxygen,
and the heat released from combustion is transferred to the calorimeter system through the cylinder,
and then the calorific value of the substance is calculated according to the change of water temperature
in the calorimeter system.

5E-C5500/C5508/AC calorimeter has a high degree of automation, which can quickly detect the
calorific value of samples. The minimum analysis period of the sample is around 10 minutes, and
multiple oxygen bomb experiments can be carried out alternately to reduce the instrument idle time.
The calorimeter system of the instrument is relatively constant, which is not affected by the fluctuation
of ambient temperature and long-term experimental heat accumulation. It can display, save, query,
retarder, print and export all the results. Besides sample loading and oxygen charging, the rest process
can be performed automatically.

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1.2 Features
 Visual Liquid Level

Convenient observation adopted to control the water filling speed, and timely fill water after long-
term analysis.

 Safety Lock

The bucket lid is locked to ensure the safety and reliability of analysis, additionally, the upper cover
of bucket will not be affected by external air flow.

 Multi-analysis Mode

Two analysis modes: Classical Method and Quick Method.

 Stable Water Quantity

The reliable quantitative measuring cup ensures the long term stability of water quantity.

 Bomb Identification

The system shall identify two different bombs.

 Unique Analyzing Procedure

To provide a stable environment before analysis, and remove heat residual after analysis, it judges
the temperature difference between bucket and jacket before igniting, and washes bomb and
bucket after analysis.

The residual heat can be eliminated after analysis, not affecting the next analysis.

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1.3 Technical Specifications

Temperature Resolution 0.0001°C

Test Period ≤15 min (classical method), ≤10 min (quick method)

Constant precision of water

temperature of the jacket in 0.08 °C
a single test:

Constant precision of water

temperature of the system 1 °C
in long-term tests

Depending on the value range of calorific value, generally 1g coal

Sample Mass
sample

Precision RSD≤0.10%

Accuracy Test results fall within the permissible range of a standard sample.

Range of Calorific Value (15-35) MJ/kg

Power supply 220V±22V, 50/60Hz

C5500
Controlling Unit (L×W×H): 480mm×500mm×413mm

Temperature Controlling Unit (L×W×H): 370mm×500mm×413mm

C5508
Dimensions
Controlling Unit (L×W×H): 550mm×581mm×400mm

Temperature Controlling Unit (L×W×H): 550mm×370mm×400mm

AC/PL
Controlling Unit (L×W×H): 580mm×470mm×834mm

C5500/C5508
Controlling Unit: 40 kg
Weight Temperature Controlling Unit: 35 kg
AC/PL
Controlling Unit: 35 kg

Power of Computer<300 W
Power
Power of Calorimeter<200 W

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1.4 Operating Environment

1. Ambient temperature: 5°C-35°C; Relative humidity ≤ 85%.

2. Around the test room, there should be no intense vibration, dust, strong electromagnetic
interference or corrosive gas.

3. The test room should be a separate room. Do not conduct other tests in the same room.

4. Room temperature should be kept as constant as possible. In each test, room temperature change
should not exceed 1°C. Besides, there should be no strong air convection indoors, nor should there
be strong heat source or fan. Do not open a door or window during a test.

5. The calorimeter should be kept away from direct sunshine.

6. A test room should be equipped with stable 220V±22V, 50/60Hz. Otherwise, there should be UPS
or regulated power supply with superior performance. The power of the UPS or regulated power
supply should be no lower than 1000 W.

7. Prepare cooled oxygen (pressure: no lower than 4 MPa). Do not use any electrolyzed oxygen.

8. At least 40 kg distilled water.

9. Two 300 × 36 mm adjustable wrenches.

10. Two common mercury thermometers.

11. A bottle of standard coal sample, whose calorific value is close to that of a measured coal sample.

12. Nickel-chromium ignition wire with a diameter of about 0.1mm and a length of about 100mm.

13. Benzoic acid of Grade II or above, its standard calorific value is determined by the authority or can
be traced back to the authority.

14. An electronic balance (resolution: 0.0001 g).

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Chapter 2 Structure and Operating Principle

2.1 Structure
5E-C5500/C5508 consists of controlling unit, temperature controlling unit, computer and printer
(optional configuration by users). See as Figure 2-1-1.

Computer Display
Printer

(Optional configuration by users)

Figure 2-1-1 5E-C5500/C5508 Structure

Figure 2-1-2 5E-AC/PL Structure

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

2.2 Internal Structure & Function

Controlling Unit

Figure 2-2A Structure of Controlling Unit (5E-C5500/C5508)

1. Bucket Probe 2. Identification of Magnetic Bomb 3. Ignition Electrode

4. Stirring Motor 5. Measuring Vessel 6. Inlet Valve of Measuring Vessel

7. Balance Valve 8. Elbow Glass Tube 9. Serial Port Connector

10. Power Socket 11. Drain Pipe 12. Inlet Valve of the Jacket

13. Drain Pump of Bucket 14. Jacket Probe 15. Drain valve(Bucket)

16. Controlling Unit Connector 17. Circulating Pump of the Jacket 18. Filter

19. Jacket 20. Bucket

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Figure 2-2B Structure of Temperature Control Unit

(5E-C5500/C5508)

21. Overflow Vent of Temperature Controlling Unit 22. Filling Port of Reservoir

23. Water Chiller 24. Reservoir 25. Tray of Temperature Control Unit

26. Circulating Pump for Refrigerating

27. Drain Vent of Temperature Controlling Unit 28. Liquid Level Meter

29. Control Panel 30. Power (for Temperature Control Unit)

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

1. Measuring Vessel (Figure 2-2A, 5):

It is used to quantify the water for test purpose. The repeatability error of water weight is less than
0.3g. This ensures that there is consistent water weight in each experiment and eliminates the
influence of water weight upon experimental results.

2. Stirrer (Figure 2-2A, 4):

It is used to maintain even water temperature in the bucket so that water temperature can stay
stable immediately after ignition.

3. Ignition device (Figure 2-2A, 3):

It consists of two electrodes. When it is powered by 32 VAC, ignition wire will quickly blow out and
ignite a sample.

4. Probe (Figure 2-2A: 1, 14):

It is used to measure the temperature of the bucket and jacket.

5. Jacket:

It provides stable experimental environment for the bucket.

6. Bucket:

It has an elliptical section. It is an important part in the calorimeter system.

7. Reservoir:

It stores large amount of water for test purpose. The reservoir, refrigerating cycle pump, and water
chiller form the refrigerating cycle system, which makes the water temperature change in the
reservoir keep constant (within 1°C).

8. Inlet valve of jacket (12 in Figure 2-2A):

It serves as one switch which controls the water flow between the reservoir and the jacket.

9. Inlet valve of measuring vessel (6 in Figure 2-2A):

It is a switch which controls the water flow between the jacket and the measuring vessel.

10. Circulating Pump of the Jacket (17 in Figure 2-2A)

This pump is the normally ON pump, it pumps the water from the jacket bottom to the water
container of cover, then water flows from the container to the top of jacket to finish the circulation
between jacket and water container of cover.

It shall supply water to the measuring vessel while opening the inlet valve of measuring vessel.

11. Balance Valve (Figure 2-2A, 5):

It is a switch which controls the water flow between the measuring vessel and the bucket. When the
balance valve is turned on, the water in the measuring vessel will flow into the bucket under the
action of its own weight.

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12. Drain Valve (Figure 2-2A, 15)

It is a switch between Bucket and Reservoir. When the drain valve is turned on, the water in the
bucket will flow to the reservoir.

13. Drain Pump (Figure 2-2A, 13)

It pumps the whole water from the bucket to the reservoir.

14. Refrigerating cycle pump (Figure 2-2B, 26):

It is always ON (as long as the power supply for cooling is turned on). It, together with the reservoir
and the water chiller, forms the refrigerating cycle system, which provides driving force for water
circulation.

This pump provides water to the jacket while opening the inlet valve of jacket.

15. Water chiller (Figure 2-2B, 23):

It consists of a high-end micro compressor, a condensation tube, and a controller. It cools the water
of the circulating system.

Figure 2-2C Diagram of 5E-AC calorimeter

1. Ignition Electrode 2. Stirring Unit 3. Oxygen Bomb
4. Overflow Pipe 5.Balance Valve 6. Inlet Valve
7. Feed Pump 8. Reservoir 9. Precision Temperature Probe
10.Bucket 11.Jacket 12. Drain Valve
13.Drain Pipe 14. Overflow Port 15. Drain Outlet

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

2.3 Basic Operating Principle

2.3.1 Definition

Definition of calorific value: The calorific value of coal refers to the amount of heat produced by unit
mass coal which is completely burned. The determination result is represented with MJ/kg.

1MJ/kg = 103J/g

1cal (20℃) = 4.1816 J

1cal(IT) = 4.1868 J

1 Btu = 1055.06 J = 252.3 cal

1 Btu/lb = 0.556cal/g = 2.326 J/g

It refers to the amount of heat produced by a unit mass sample which

Calorific value of burns inside an oxygen bomb with excess oxygen. The products of
bomb combustion are assumed to consist of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
nitric acid, sulfuric acid, liquid water, and solid ash.

It refers to the amount of heat produced by a unit mass sample which

burns inside an oxygen bomb with excess oxygen. The products of
combustion are assumed to consist of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
Gross calorific value at
sulfur dioxide, liquid water, and solid ash.
constant volume
Gross calorific value at constant volume is obtained when the corrected
heat of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is subtracted from the calorific value
of bomb.

It refers to the amount of heat produced by a unit mass sample which

burns inside an oxygen bomb with excess oxygen. The products of
combustion are assumed to consist of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
Net calorific value at
sulfur dioxide, vaporous water, and solid ash.
constant volume
Net calorific value at constant volume is obtained when gasification heat
of water (inherent water in coal and the water generated due to the
burning of hydrogen in coal) is subtracted from Gross calorific value.

The effective heat capacity (hereinafter called heat capacity for short) of
a calorimeter refers to the amount of heat required when the temperature
Effective heat capacity
of the calorimeter system rises by 1K in test conditions. It is represented
with J/K.

It refers to various parts which the heat produced by a sample can reach
Calorimeter system during calorific value determination. Besides the bucket water, it includes
oxygen bomb, the immersed part of stirrer and temperature probe.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

2.3.2 Basic Principle

This instrument employs a constant temperature jacket. An oxygen bomb is placed in bucket water. A
given sample is placed in the sealed oxygen bomb and completely burned. The heat produced by the
burned sample is absorbed by certain water around the oxygen bomb. The temperature rise of water is
in direct proportion to the amount of heat produced by the sample.

E（tn  t 0）
Q
m
Where:

Q Calorific value of sample (J/g).

m Sample weight (g).

t0 Initial temperature of calorimeter system (°C).

Final temperature after the calorimeter system absorbs the heat produced by a
tn
sample (°C).

E Heat Capacity of Calorimeter System (J/°C).

During calorific value determination, certain difference always exists between the water temperature of
the bucket and that of the jacket of the constant temperature calorimeter. This temperature difference
varies with time. To eliminate the influence of heat exchange between the bucket and jackets upon
temperature rise, we must add a corrected value to the temperature rise of the bucket. This is called
cooling correction. This corrected value is represented with C.

With cooling correction taken into consideration, the calorific value formula should be:

E (tn  t 0  C )
Q
m
The calorific value of coal depends mainly on the chemical composition of combustible matters in coal.
It is also related to combustion conditions. According to combustion conditions, the calorific value of
coal can be classified into calorific value of bomb, Gross calorific value and Net calorific value. Calorific
value of bomb is greater than the heat produced by coal in actual combustion. A power plant generally
uses Gross calorific value to evaluate coal quality. Net calorific value is taken as the basis for
calculating standard coal consumption.

When there are definite test conditions, such as amount of water in the bucket, immersion depth of
thermometer and stirrer, and ambient temperature, the heat capacity E of a calorimeter is a constant.
From the definition of heat capacity, we have:

mQ
E
tn  t 0  C

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

According to the above formula, burn a substance (benzoic acid) with known calorific value or heat it
with electricity, and measure temperature rise. In this way, we can get the heat capacity E. Cooling
correction is taken into consideration in the above formula.

2.3.3 Workflow

First select test items from “System Setting” (See 4.4.1 Setting Menu) in the “Setting” menu; then click
“Start Analysis” in the “Test” menu to enter the test interface (See 4.4.2 Test Menu).

Weigh out about 1 g (as accurate as 0.0001 g) analytical sample with a crucible. Hang the oxygen
bomb head on the oxygen bomb support. Get an igniting wire with known mass and connect both its
ends respectively to both electrodes of the oxygen bomb. Make sure that the igniting wire and the
sample are in good contact or the igniting wire is a small distance away from the latter (if coal is apt to
splash or burn). Do not let the igniting wire contact a combustion container lest ignition should fail due
to short circuit or even the combustion container should be burned.

Pour 10mL distilled water into the oxygen bomb and tighten the oxygen bomb lid. Make sure that the
locations of the combustion container and the igniting wire do not change due to vibration; charge the
oxygen bomb with oxygen until the oxygen pressure reaches 2.8 MPa ~3.0 MPa. The oxygen pressure
keeping balance period should be no shorter than 15 seconds.

In the test interface, input the sample weight and other data (for example, weight of additive), and then
click the “Start Analysis” button to Start Analysis.

First, turn on the inlet valve and inlet pump of the measuring vessel and pump water from the jacket into
the measuring vessel. Meantime, turn on the inlet pump and inlet value of the jacket and pump water
from the reservoir into the jacket. 35 seconds later, the measuring vessel overflows. Turn off the inlet
valve and inlet pump of the measuring vessel, and turn on the balance valve. The water in the
measuring vessel begins to flow into the bucket. Turn on the stirrer 60 seconds later and turn off the
balance valve 100 seconds later. After 3-minute agitation, ignition begins and the key period starts. The
heat produced by the burned sample is absorbed by the calorimeter system and the water temperature
rises. Once you find the water temperature begins to fall (the quick method predicts key period
temperature rise. The key test period only lasts 5 minutes), terminate the test (when heat capacity is
calibrated, there will be a 5mins final period) and output test results (For water circulation, see Fig.2-3).

When the test ends, take the oxygen bomb out of the bucket (if the Drain valve is turned off, please
make sure that the accumulated water on the oxygen bomb lid does not flow into the bucket) and
discharge the water gas inside the oxygen bomb. Then, clean the oxygen bomb (clean the oxygen
bombs by using the same procedures and methods. Minimize the influence of human error upon
experimental results).

2.3.4 Schematic Diagram of Water Circulation

Refer to Figure 2-3 for the schematic diagram of water cycle.

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Water Path of Calorimeter

Figure 2-3-1 5E-C5500/C5508 Water Path

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Overflow Port (L) Overflow Port(R)

Balance Valve

Bucket Drain Valve

Jacket Feed Valve

Bucket to Water Tank

Drain Port
Water Inlet and
Outlet Tee

Magnetic Pump

Figure 2-3-2 5E-AC Water Path

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Chapter 3 Installation & Diagnostics

3.1 Installation & Diagnostics

3.1.1 Installation of Calorimeter

WARNING

If the calorimeter is installed for the first time, please perform operations as follows.
This ensures the unpacking and long-term location of the calorimeter.

The balance and printer are not provided together with the calorimeter.

1. Open the packing box of the host and move the host to a standard constant-temperature operating
room with power supply and air supply.

2. Open the packing box of the measuring vessel and install it at a specified location of the
calorimeter (refer to Figure 2-3). Connect the water tube of the insulated cover to the water inlet of
the measuring vessel (water flow direction is controlled by means of an electromagnetic valve), and
connect the other end of the water tube to the connector between the balance valve and the inlet
valve of the measuring vessel.

3. Check whether all the parts, including the circuit board, of the calorimeter are correctly installed,
whether the probe wire plug of the temperature reading card is correctly connected, whether the
probe wire is in good condition.

4. Select the placement mode of calorimeter (Bench mode or Vertical mode) according to the
condition of laboratory bench and layout of water pipe.

Bench Mode:

Place the temperature controlling unit and controlling unit on the bench. This mode is
recommended.

Vertical Mode:

Place the temperature controlling unit below the bench, place the controlling unit on the bench.

5. Connect the water pipes of controlling unit and temperature controlling unit.

6. Install the pipes of the calorimeter. 200mm space should be spared around each device. At least
300mm space should be spared at the back of the host for the sake of heat dissipation.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

7. Install the control computer. For details, refer to Computer Installation.

8. Install the balance. For details, refer to the Balance Installation.

9. Connect the oxygen-charging pipe to the O2 charger.

10. Install oxygen-charging pipe onto the O2 cylinder and set the O2 pressure regulator to 3±0.1 MPa.
The total pressure of air supply should be no lower than 4MPa. Dot not use any electrolyzed O2.

11. Connect the RS232 serial port cable between the calorimeter and the computer.

12. Insert the power plug of the calorimeter into the power socket, but do not turn on the power switch
without permission.

13. After the installation of calorimeter, please set the system according to the function description.

3.1.2 Installation of Computer

NOTE

In standard configuration, a computer system consists of the computer, display, and printer.
You may purchase these equipment from Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., LTD or on
your own.

If they are provided by Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., LTD, refer to the following
operating instructions in "Computer Provided by Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd.".

1. Remove the external packings of the computer, display and printer.

2. Place the computer, display and printer near the calorimeter.

3. Connect the data signal cable between the display and the computer.

4. Connect the power cable of the display.

5. Connect the RS232 universal transmission line between the computer and the calorimeter.

6. Connect the keyboard cable to the keyboard interface at the back of the computer, and put the
keyboard in front of the display.

7. Connect the mouse cable to the mouse interface at the back of the computer, and put the mouse
beside the keyboard.

8. Connect the data signal cable between the printer and the computer.

9. Connect the power cable of the printer and that of the computer.

10. Refer to the printer installation and operation manual.

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3.1.3 Balance and Printer Installation

Balance Installation

NOTE

When installing a balance, you should refer to the balance description besides the
following procedures.
The balance may be provided by an instrument manufacturer or purchased by users
themselves.

1. Balance installation

 Remove the external packing of the balance and assemble the balance according to the balance
description.

 Connect the power cable and the balance (back) by using a power adapter.

 Adjust the feet of the balance to level it. The spirit bubble should be in the middle of the circle
(behind the balance).

 Find out the serial port (COM1) at the back of the computer, and connect the computer and the
balance (back) by using a cable.

 To make the balance communicate with the computer, reconfigure balance parameters as the ex-
factory default values.

 Do not modify any setting after the reconfiguration. You only need to modify the balance code as
user configuration.

NOTE

If the computer communicates with the balance, give full consideration to the serial
port resources of the computer!

2. Balance reconfiguration

 Press down POWER ON.

 Press down TARE when the display is completely on. The display will be off for several seconds
and then displays menu code setting.

 Press CAL to make the left number change into 9.

 Press PRINT to skip the middle number.

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 Press CAL to make the right number change into 1.

 Press and hold TARE for 2 seconds. The balance is thus reconfigured as the default setting.

 Continue the following balance testing procedures.

3. Balance testing

 Invoke the electronic data sheet of an analytical sample from the screen. Then, press down PRINT.
The weight displayed on the balance should be entered into the sample weight column in the
electronic data sheet.

 The entered sample weight information can be deleted as required.

Figure 3-1
Control Panel of the Balance

Printer Installation

NOTE

The printer can be purchased from an instrument manufacturer or by users.

1. Shut down the computer.

2. Remove the external packing of the printer and find out the interface cable of the printer.

3. Connect the printer and the computer according to the printer installation description.

4. Install the printer onto the workbench according to the printer installation description, and connect
all essential cables and parts.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

5. Install the printer software according to the printer installation description. This procedure must be
performed after the printer and the computer have been switched on. The calorimeter does not
need to be switched on at this time.

6. Switch off the printer and the computer after having successfully installed and tested the printer.

3.1.4 Data Communication Connection

NOTE

The data communication format is RS-232. All characters are ASCII.

1. Connect the communication cable between the computer and the express calorimeter host;

2. Connect the communication cable between the computer and the electronic balance; connect the
communication cable between the computer and the printer;

3. Connect the signal cable between the computer and the display; connect the power cable between
the computer and the display;

4. Connect the control power supply of the host, together with the power supply of the computer,
printer and electronic balance, to the power socket, but do not connect the power socket to 220V
AC supply for the moment.

3.2 Requirements for Diagnostics

3.2.1 Power-ON/-OFF Diagnostics of the Calorimeter

Pay attention to the following:

1. First, make sure that the calorimeter host, computer, display and printer are correctly connected.

2. Then, switch on the calorimeter and preheat it. User shall select the preheating times in analysis
interface.

3. It is recommended to do a waste-sample analysis after preheating.

4. When the test ends, first turn off the refrigerating power switch of the calorimeter (If the compressor
is refrigerating, please turn OFF the refrigerating power switch after the compressor finishes its
cooling) and then the master switch of the calorimeter.

3.2.2 Serial Port Diagnostics

A serial port is an important data communication port of the calorimeter, so serial port Diagnostics is
especially important.
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The following is a simple Diagnostics method:

1. Make sure that the computer and the calorimeter are both switched on. Enter the software
operation interface of the calorimeter and set related information of serial port Diagnostics (For
details, see 4.4.1.3 Card Setting in the software description).

2. Enter the hardware Diagnostics interface and set corresponding serial port information (For details,
see 4.4.3.1 Hardware Diagnostics in the software description).

3. Open the upper cover of the instrument which corresponds to the serial port configuration
information.

4. Turn on the stirrer in the hardware Diagnostics interface (if the stirrer button turns into red, it
indicates that the stirrer is turned on).

5. Check whether the software interface displays the temperature of the bucket, that of the jacket and
ambient temperature, whether temperature values are continuously refreshed, whether the blades
of the stirrer are rotating.

If the software interface displays the temperature, temperature values slightly change and the
blades are rotating, it indicates that the uplink/downlink communication of the serial port is normal.

If the software interface does not display any temperature and the blades rotate, it indicates that
the data of the computer can be transferred to the calorimeter, but the data of the calorimeter
cannot be transferred to the computer. In this case, you need to check the data transmission line
and interface.

If the software interface displays the temperature, but the blades do not rotate, it indicates that the
computer can receive the data from the calorimeter, but the calorimeter cannot correctly receive a
command from the computer. We may debug the water valve and water pump to check whether
such a problem still exists. If no such problem exists, it indicates that the problem lies in the lines
and parts between the agitating motor and the control board.

3.2.3 Gas Leak Check of Oxygen Bomb

The leak check of an oxygen bomb is of utmost importance to the accuracy of experimental results and
the safety of laboratory operations. We generally use the following detection method:

1. Assemble the crucible support and pressure ring of the oxygen bomb.

2. Charge the oxygen bomb with oxygen according to the normal laboratory flow until the oxygen
pressure reaches 3MPa, and maintain this pressure for at least 15 seconds.

3. Put the oxygen bomb into a watering bucket which can submerge the oxygen bomb. Observe for
about five minutes whether any bubble comes out. If no bubble comes out, it indicates that the
airtightness of the oxygen bomb is good.

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4. If the insulating layer in bomb head usually gets yellow dirts or dirty water, it indicated that the
insulating layer may be damaged. Please replace the bomb with a new one for analysis.

3.2.4 Hardware Diagnostics

WARNING

Before hardware Diagnostics, be familiar with the water path of the calorimeter and
4.4.3.1 Hardware Diagnostics in the software description!

1. The service time of a single water pump or water valve should not exceed 10 seconds.

2. When the water pump and water valve of the same water path are started, consider the order in
which the water pump and the water valve are started or closed according to the flow direction of
the water path.

3. When no water passes by, do not start the water pump or water valve lest it should be raced.

4. The time when “inlet pump of the measuring vessel” and “inlet valve of the measuring vessel” are
separately started should not exceed 1 minute. Otherwise, the water in the reservoir may overflow.
To start the above-mentioned pump and valve simultaneously, it is recommended to start “inlet
pump of the jacket” and “inlet valve of the jacket”.

5. When ignition is started, do not touch the ignition electrode. Otherwise, an electric shock accident
may happen!

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Chapter 4 Software

4.1 Software Overview

This software (V4.1) is based on Windows operating platform and Access database. It has friendly user
interfaces and simple operations. Its measurement accuracy complies with national standards and can
fully satisfy customers’ requirements.

This software enables a computer to be connected with two calorimeters (that is, double control).

It is a universal version of KC series of calorimeters. Please read the instruction manual

carefully before performing corresponding settings.

4.2 System Requirements

 Hardware:

P4 1GMHz CPU;

Memory: at least 512 M;

At least two available Serial communication ports;

80 G Hard disk

 Operating system:

Users may install Windows Win 7 or above.

 Display

Multiple resolution, preferably using 1024x768.

4.3 Install or Uninstall Software

4.3.1 System Installation

1. Connect the computer. Then, connect the serial port cable of the calorimeter to the serial port of
the computer (COM1, COM2…).

2. Open the ‘Disk1’ directory on the express calorimeter installation disk, select the ‘Setup.exe’ and
double click to execute this file. The interfaces as shown in Figure 4-1 will pop up.

If users select ‘Next’, the interface as shown in Figure 4-2 will pop up. Users may select different
program installation paths (if users select the ‘Browse’ button, the program will be installed under
the path specified by users).

If users select ‘Next’, the interface as shown in Figure 4-3 will pop up. When the installation
process ends, the interface as shown in Figure 4-4 will pop up.

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At this time, the whole installation is completed. On the desktop, users will see the ‘Express
Calorimeter Program’ icon. In the ‘Program’ menu in the ‘Start’ menu, users will also see the
‘Express Calorimeter Program’ icon. They may click this icon to run the calorimeter program.

Figure 4-1
Installation of Software

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Figure 4-2
Installation of Software

Figure 4-3

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Installation of Software

Figure 4-4
Installation of Software

4.3.2 System Uninstall (Deletion)

If users want to uninstall the “Express Calorimeter Program”, they may open the control panel in “Start-
Set” in the Start menu of Windows. Then, select the ‘Add/Delete Program’ icon and double click to find
“Express Calorimeter Test System”. Double click. Then, select ‘Remove’ (Figure 4-7) and ‘Next’. The
interface as shown in Figure 4-8 will pop up. If users select the ‘OK’ button, the interface as shown in
Figure 4-9 will pop up. Click the ‘Finish’ button. Until now will Windows not delete this test system.

If the prompt of whether to retain the ‘shared file’ prompt appears during the system deletion, users
should select “Retain”. Otherwise, other programs cannot run normally. In this way, this test system has
been uninstalled. If users expect to continue to use this system, they must reinstall it.

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Figure 4-5
Uninstall the Software

Figure 4-6
Uninstall the Software

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4.4 Operating Instruction

The main interface of this program employs the commonly-used style of Windows. As shown in Figure
4-7, the main interface consists of the title bar, main menu bar, customer area, and status bar.

Figure 4-7
Main Interface

The title bar indicates the name and version of the test system.

Figure 4-8
Title Bar

The main menu bar (Figure 4-9) refers to all functional menus of Line 2 and Line 3 icons. Here, users
can select required functions and perform required system settings and functional operations.

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Figure 4-9
Main Menu

The customer area (Grey space) (Figure 4-10) is the background of the whole main interface, a
corresponding functional window will occupy this area.

Figure 4-10
Customer Area

The status bar is the lowest line of the main interface (Figure 4-11). It is used to display system
information and system time.

Figure 4-11
Status Bar

4.4.1 Setting Menu

Figure 4-12
Setting Menu
This functional menu (Figure 4-12) has 5 submenus:

 System Setting (Ctrl+S)

 Name Management (Ctrl+M)

 Card Setting (Ctrl+K)

 Card Coefficients (Ctrl+J)

 Exit (Ctrl+X)

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4.4.1.1 System Setting

If users click System Setting, the following interface will pop up. Before conducting each test, users
need to set test items and related parameters through this menu.

Figure 4-13
System Setting

As shown in Figure 4-13, the spaces on the left of Calorimetric Bucket A and Calorimetric Bucket B are
used to select single control or double control (that is, one computer is connected with one or two
calorimeter hosts). “√” indicates that this Bucket is in working state.

Before a test, set the following related parameters in this interface according to test items:

This software supports 3 analysis standards for Calorific Value of coal:

1) GB/T 213
Test Standard 2) ISO1928

3) ASTM D5685

Note: Please restart the software after changing the analysis standard.

Choose Chinese or English.

Language
Note: Please restart the software after changing the language.

Model
This software supports 5E-C5500, 5E-KC5410, 5E-KCIV, 5E-KCIII and

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updated AC/PL.

Note: Please restart the software after changing the model in software.

Calorific Value of When calibrating heat capacity, users need to input here the calorific value
Benzoic Acid (unit: J/g.) of a unit mass standard substance (benzoic acid), for example,
“26465”.

According to actual needs, users input the number of oxygen bombs used for
a test. Each oxygen bomb must be numbered because the heat capacity of
Bomb QTY different oxygen bombs may vary slightly. In calorific value determination, the
system will automatically select a corresponding heat capacity according to
the oxygen bomb No. input by users.

The left number is the No. (one-to-one correspondence to the No. of oxygen
bombs) of heat capacity while the right one is the corresponding heat
Heat Capacity capacity. The heat capacity here cannot be input or modified. To modify it,
you have to calibrate heat capacity and then click “Calculate Average Heat
Capacity” and save it (For details, see 4.4.3.4).

Ignition Wire Heat Ignition wires of different materials have different calorific values. Users
should input a calorific value as required.

If users need to use a additive (for example, for the purpose of combustion
Calorific Value of supporting or when explosive coal is wrapped with lens paper), they may
Additive input here the calorific value (unit: J/g) of a unit mass additive. If there is no
additive, input ‘0’.

Probe Type 5E-C5500 uses metal probe (AD7710).

If selecting "Not Calculate", system will judge that the ignition wire is totally
Unburned Ignition burned out in each analysis, and there will not be residual heat.
Wire
If selecting "Input after analysis", user shall input the heat of unburned
ignition wire after analysis.

Select a gross and net calorific value calculation method (including “total
sulfur”, “bomb sulfur”, “dry basis total sulfur”, “not calculate” and "Gross/net
calorific value of Petroleum". Users may select a proper calculation method
Gross and Net
as required. The selection made here will be seen in the test interface.
Calorific value
Different calculation methods require that different test items should be input.

Note: User can choose "Gross/net calorific value of Petroleum" only under
"GB/T213" Standard.

Select a Coding mode (including automatic Coding and manual Coding).

Manual Coding is performed by users as required. It is very flexible. There is
Coding Mode
no other limit except that there are legal characters, manual Coding starts
with an English letter, there is no space between numbers and manual
Coding should be no longer than 12 digits. Automatic Coding is automatically

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completed by the system. It consists of year (for example, 2008) + month (for
example, 01) + day (for example, 01) + Bucket No. (A or B) + sequence
number (such as 01, 11, 21, etc.).

Users select required test items here.

Test items include “Calibrate Heat Capacity with Benzoic Acid”, “Calorific
Value”, “Calorific Value of Coal” and “Cement Black Raw Meal”.

When user select “Calibrate Heat Capacity with Benzoic Acid” as the test
item, ISO 1928 or ASTM D5865 as analysis standard, a window "Heat of
formation of nitric acid of Benzoic Acid" will pop up. User shall either directly
input the proportionality coefficient of Heat of formation of nitric acid of
Benzoic Acid , or select titration method for analysis.
Analysis Content When users select “Cement Black Raw Meal” as the test item, the
“processing method” entry will appear in this interface (there will be no such
an entry if users select any other test item). According to actual experimental
conditions, users select acidation or enfolding method.

According to the test item selected by users, the test interface will display a
corresponding interface and flow (Entries vary with test items. Refer to
4.4.2.1 Start Analysis)

Users may modify the content and click "Save and Close" to save the
modified data and return to main interface. Clicking "Cancel" will not save the
modified data, and directly close the window to return the main interface.

It records the the number of bomb analyses since previous hydraulic

pressure test. When it's over 5000 times, an indicating message will be given
to require a test. To ensure safe operation, do follow these instructions to
The bomb have perform corresponding test. For new oxygen bomb or qualified one after test,
used Times reset Oxygen bomb used times to clear history records so that warning
message will not appear again.

4.4.1.2 Name Management

Through this menu, users may add or delete a laboratorian name or a coal sample name, or input a
user organization name. The company name input here determines the organization name in the
printed report. Click Name Management. The interface as shown in Figure 4-14 will appear. It is the
laboratorian name management interface. If you click the “Operator Name” tab, the interface as shown
in Figure 4-15 will appear. In both the interfaces, the organization name is the same.

User needs to input sample name one after another.

Sample Name
(The proportion factor is effective only under analysing “cement”.)
(Figure 4-14)
If user needs to add the proportion factor, click the cell of sample name to add
one row. Select the item and click “Delete” button to delete the data.

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A proportion factor (this factor is valid only when cement is tested). After
modifications, users may click the “Save(OK)” button to save their inputs or
modifications and then return to the main interface. If they do not want to save
their inputs or modifications, they may click the “Exit (Cancel/Close)” button to
close this interface and return to the main interface.

Add Sample Name Users enter an operator name (or a coal sample name) in the list. The added
name displays in the data display box.

Delete a Name Users select the name to be deleted from the left data display box (the
selected name is blue) and then click the “Delete” button.

Figure 4-14
Name Management

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Figure 4-15
Name Management

4.4.1.3 Card Setting

Users select Card Setting. The interface as shown in Figure 4-16 will appear:

Figure 4-16
Card Setting Passwords

The card setting password interface can prevent anybody other than a system operator from modifying
a card coefficients without permission.

The password of this interface is “5500” by default. Users must input a correct password before
entering the Card Setting interface (Figure 4-17).
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Figure 4-17
Card Setting

In this interface (Figure 4-17), users can set or modify some parameters of the temperature-reading
cards of the bucket and jacket of Calorimeters A and B, together with balance parameters. The
interface of Bucket B Setting is the same as that of Bucket A Setting. The selection of Bucket A or
Bucket B should be kept consistent with system setting (4.4.1.1) and communication port. Otherwise,
temperature error may occur.

Users may input or modify the coefficient of the temperature-reading cards of the bucket and jacket.
The 5E-C5500 adopts common temperature-reading cards, the coefficient is by default.

Set a correct communication port of the calorimeter (serial ports COM1 and COM2).

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If ‘√’ is selected, it indicates that an instrument is capable of identifying

Auto detect the bomb an oxygen bomb. The 5E- C5500 is capable of identifying an oxygen
bomb.

Save Temperature Selecting ‘√’: Save the temperature of key point and other related data
during the analysis.

Time & Temperature Setting

Inflow Time of Measuring Inflow time of measuring vessel, 45 seconds by default. Please do not
Vessel modify it without permission.

Inflow Time of Bucket: The water filling time of Measuring Vessel, that is the opening time of
Balance Valve, 95 seconds by default.

Stirring Time The time of stirring, 90 seconds by default. Please do not modify it
without special reason.

It used for setting the temperature difference between the Bucket and
Jacket.

The system will automatically fill water in if the difference is beyond the
setting range.
Detect Temp. Difference The system judge the temperature difference at 60 seconds (Default),
and the setting range: -0.3℃ ~ 0.5℃.

User shall properly widen the setting range while filling water to the
bucket many times.

Please do not modify it without special reason.

Inflow Time for Washing The water filling time for rapid washing of bucket and bomb from
Measuring Vessel, 30 seconds by default.

Drain Time for Washing The water draining time for washing of bucket and bomb, 45 seconds
by default.

If users click the “Balance Setting” tab, the interface as shown in Figure 4-18 will appear. This function
is used to automatically transfer the data of an electronic balance to a computer. For how to set balance
parameters, please refer to the balance specifications and current balance settings.

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Figure 4-18
Balance Information Setting in Card Setting

Balance test is used to verify whether the settings of balance type and parameters are accurate,
whether a balance is normally connected to a computer. The “Test Result” column displays the data
transferred from a balance. After balance parameters have been correctly set, click the “Balance Test”
button , and the data transferred from the balance will be displayed in the “Test Result” column. If they
are incorrect, please set them again.

If users click the “Save” button after having modified related parameters of Bucket Setting and Balance
Setting, parameter modifications will be saved and they will return to the main interface. If users click
the “Cancel” button, they will exit from the card setting interface and no parameter modification will be
saved.

4.4.1.4 Card coefficients processing

Export the card Coefficients: Export the card coefficients and system parameters and save them as
an .ini file. Import the card coefficients: Export the card coefficients and system parameters from the
saved *.ini data file and import them to the system. The “OK” button is used to import or export
data (as decided by users). The “Cancel” button is used to close this functional window.

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Figure 4-19
Card Coefficients Processing

4.4.1.5 Exit Menu

This menu is used to exit from the whole test system. If users want to exit from the test system, please
directly click this menu (or use the shortcut key ‘Ctrl + X’) or click the “Close” button (‘ x ’) on the right
upper corner of the main interface. Afterwards, the warning window shown in Figure 4-23 will appear. If
users select the ‘YES (Y)’ button, they will directly exit from this system; if they select the ‘No (N)’ button,
this window will be closed and they will return to the main interface of the system.

If there are other open windows in the main interface, please close these sub-windows before executing
this command.

Figure 4-20
Exit Menu
4.4.2 Test Menu

This menu (Figure 4-21) includes Start Analysis and End Analysis, which correspond to the shortcut
keys F5 and Shift+F5.

Figure 4-21
Test Menu

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4.4.2.1 Analyze

If users select the ‘Analyze’ menu, the system will display respective test interfaces according to the
test items selected from “System Setting” (See 4.4.1.1). Users can know about test items from the title
bar of the test interface.

After starting the analysis, user shall select "Analyze" or "Preheat in advance".

Generally, conducting the preheat analysis before the analysis in one day, making the water in
Calorimeter system even.

User shall set the "Preheat in advance" as "Preheat 1 time", "Preheat 2 times", "Preheat 3 times" and
"Unlimited Times". (Figure 4-22 Preheat in advance)

Figure 4-22
Preheat in advance

During a test, different test interfaces require that different parameters should be input.

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● Analyze heat Capacity (Bucket A)

In System Setting (See 4.4.1.1), you need to input Calorific Value of Benzoic Acid, quantity of oxygen
bombs, Calorific Value of ignition wire, and Calorific Value of additive;

Select “Heat Capacity calibrated by Benzoic Acid” as the test item.

In this test, you need to input sample No. (when the numbering mode is manual numbering), sample
weight, oxygen bomb No., and input or select a laboratorian name, user shall input the Amount of
Substance (Titrant) (In ISO or ASTM Standard, select Titration method to test the Heat of formation of
nitric acid) in the popped-up windows only after analysis, Calorific Value of Residual Ignition Wire can
be input only after ending the analysis.

After every analysis, please pure the water on the bomb off (Keep the analysis condition and situation
the same as possible will eliminate human influence).

After analysis, click "Calculate" besides the Calorific Value of Residual Ignition Wire item, the entering
window will pop up.

Figure 4-23
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Heat Capacity calibrated by Benzoic Acid

Figure 4-24
Input of Calorific Value of Residual Ignition Wire

● Analyze the Calorific Value (Bucket A) (Figure 4-25):

In System Setting (See 4.4.1.1), you need to select "Not Calculate Calorific Value of Residual Ignition
Wire", set the Calorific Value of additive as 0.

Select “Not Calculate” as the Gross/Net Calorific Value calculation method.

Figure 4-25
Analyze Calorific Value (Not Calculated)
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In the case of the “Bomb Sulfur” calculation method, users should, after a test, input quantity of NaOH
titration (As per the new GB Standard GB/T213-2008, Bomb Sulfur Titration includes NaOH titration
and Ba(OH)2 titration.

Thus, users will, after a test, see the titration selection window (Figure 4-27). In this window, they may
input the volume of NaOH or that of Ba(OH)2 and chlorhydric acid, and calculate Sulfur content
according to the formula), Moisture of Received basis, Air Dry Moisture, Hydrogen content of Air Dry
Basis, and sample name.

In the case of “Dry Basis Total Sulfur” calculation method, users need to input Total Sulfur, Air Dry
Basis Moisture, and sample name.

Figure 4-26
Analyze Calorific Value (Bomb Sulfur)

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Figure 4-27
Titration Input in GB/T Standard

Figure
Titration Input in ISO Standard

When users test the calorific value of petroleum, the following window (Figure 4-28) will appear:

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Figure 4-28

Testing the Gross/ Net Calorific Value of Petroleum

In System Setting (See 4.4.1.1), users need to input the Calorific Value of ignition wire and that of
additive;

Select “Calorific Value” as the test item, “Gross/ Net Calorific Value of petroleum” as the Gross/Net
Calorific Value mode.

Select Classical method or Quick method as the test method.

Besides the test items to be input for Heat Capacity analysis, users need to input other related items.

Selecting test method 1 Total Sulfur:

Users need to input Total Sulfur and select a petroleum type (heavy oil or light oil) and water content of
heavy oil (when petroleum type is heavy oil).

Selecting test method 2 Titration Method:

Users should input content of barium sulfate and select a petroleum type (heavy oil or light oil) and
water content of heavy oil (when petroleum type is heavy oil).

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● Analyze the Calorific Value of cement (Figure 4-29):

In System Setting (See 4.4.1.1), select “cement black raw meal” as the test item and “not calculate” as
the gross/net calorific value calculation method;

Select acidation or enfolding method as the processing method;

In this test, users need to input basically the same items as those input when they test the calorific
value of coal (the Gross/Net Calorific Value calculation method is “Not Calculate”). They may input or
modify a proportion factor according to a sample name.

Figure 4-29
Analyze the Calorific Value of Black Cement Raw Meal

Note:

There is certain limit to what users input: A sample No. must conform to numbering rules (The sample
No. starts with a letter or a number. It should not contain any space character. It should be no longer
than 12 digits). When a balance automatically weighs, if users press down the ‘P’ button of the balance,
the weight of a sample will be automatically transmitted to a computer and displayed in the “sample
weight” box in the test interface.

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If users press down the “Analyze” button after having input necessary parameters, the interface as
shown in Figure 4-30 will appear, indicating that a test begins. If any parameter is not input, the system
will prompt users to input the parameter. If the system gives a prompt “Sorry, please first let the water
out of the bucket”, please continue subsequent operations. You may restart a test after all the water has
been discharged.

Figure 4-30
Analyzing

The black font above the progress bar indicates the operation (for example, ‘It is filling water into the
measuring vessel’) the system is performing.

In a test, the system needs to perform the following operations:

Letting water flow into the bucket, turning on the stirrer, recording temperature, igniting (heating if heat
capacity is calibrated with electricity), calculating and saving results, letting the water out of the bucket
and displaying test results.

During a test, if ignition succeeds, this window will display the principal period temperature at an interval
of 1 second, the principal period temperature rise curve diagram will appear.

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Below the progress bar, user will see the current room temperature, the current temperature of the
bucket and jacket. ‘1-second principal period temperature change record’ records all 1-second interval
temperature of the principal period.

When a test ends, the test result interface will pop up. When all the water in the bucket has been
discharged, the “Continue Test” button becomes an option (changes from a grey button into a highlight
one).

If users click the “Continue Test” button, they will return to the Start Analysis interface. When users
select the “Restart” button instead, a prompt confirmation box will appear.

If they select ‘Confirm’, the test will end halfway. After the discharge of all the water in the bucket and
the flow of water into the measuring vessel, users will return to the Start Analysis interface.

4.4.2.2 Exit from Analysis

If users select the ‘End Analysis’ menu during a test, a warning window (Figure 4-31) will appear. When
they click the “Yes” button, the water in the bucket and Measuring vessel will be discharged. The test
window will close and users return to the main interface. When they select the ‘No’ button, this warning
window will close and no other operation will be performed.

If users do not click the ‘Start Analysis’ button to begin a test, then close the test interface and return to
the main interface.

Figure 4-31
Exit from Analysis

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4.4.3 Function Menu

Figure 4-32
Function Menu

This menu (Figure 4-32) includes:

Diagnostics Ctrl+D
Recalculate Bomb Calorific Value Ctrl+Q
Calculate Gross and Net Calorific Value
Evaluate Net Calorific Value Ctrl+U
Calculate Average Heat Capacity Ctrl+T
Calculate Dry Basis Calorific Value Ctrl+G
Calculate Average Value of Duplicate Samples Ctrl+P
Calculate Calorific Value of Petroleum Ctrl+O
Proximate Analysis Calculation

4.4.3.1 Diagnostics

If users select Diagnostics menu, the window as shown in Figure 4-33 will appear. This window is used
to debug and test this system (including software and hardware).

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Figure 4-33
Diagnostics

Select the port (COM port) connected with the data line (serial port
Serial Port cable) of the calorimeter.

When a correct port is selected and the system works normally, room
temperature and current water temperature of the bucket and jacket
Temperature Display will display. From these, users can judge whether the system normally
reads temperature.

Pump/ Valve Diagnostics:

Jacket Inlet Pump Turn on/off the pump which pumps water from the Reservoir into the
ON/OFF jacket; (5E-C5500 does not have this function.)

Jacket Inlet Valve Open/close the valve between the Reservoir and the jacket.
ON/OFF
Vessel Inlet Pump Turn on/off the pump which pumps water from the jacket into the
ON/OFF measuring vessel; (5E-C5500 does not have this function.)

Vessel Inlet Valve Open/close the inlet valve between the jacket and the measuring
ON/OFF vessel.

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Balance Valve ON/OFF Open/close the valve between the measuring vessel and the bucket.

Turn on/off the ignition circuit. Turn on the ignition device when there is
Ignition ON/OFF a sample in the oxygen bomb. Please make sure that there is water in
the bucket.

Turn on/off the pump circling water of jacket.

Jacket Circle Pump
ON/OFF

Bucket Drain Valve Drain the water out from the bucket to Reservoir. (This function is
ON/OFF included in 5E-C5500 only).

Stirrer ON/OFF Turn on/off the stirrer of the bucket.

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4.4.3.2 Recalculate Calorific Value of Bomb

When users select this menu, the following windows (Figures 4-34 and 4-35) will appear.

Sample Name Queried by classification.

Operator Queried by classification.
Manual Number includes Fuzzy query
Analysis Content Queried by classification.
Analysis Method Queried by classification.

Figure 4-34
Recalculate Bomb Calorific Value

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Figure 4-35
Result of Recalculating Bomb Calorific Value

Query the data which satisfies user-specified conditions and display them in
“Query” Button
the result box.

Recalculate according to the content in the editing box at the lower part of the
window and display the details of user-specified records.

If users select a record after data query, the editing box at the lower part of
this window will display the details of this record. Users may modify related
“Calculate” Button items, such as sample weight, additive weight, and heat capacity of the
calorimeter.

If they press down the “Calculate” button, the system will recalculate the
calorific value of bomb of this record and display the recalculation result in the
following window. (Figure 4-35)

"Close" Button Close the window.

4.4.3.3 Calculate Gross and Net Calorific Value

Including the case when there is saved data and that when there is no saved data (that is, users may
make modifications or calculations based on existing data, or manually input related items and make
calculations).
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● If data is saved:

Figure 4-36
Calculate the Gross and Net Calorific Value (Saved Data)

Data tested under GB/T Standard:

User shall select the input or titration method while choosing the Total Sulfur S t,ad . (The figure 4-27 will
display if selecting titration, user shall input related coefficient based on actual condition, the operation
method refers to "Start Analysis")

Data tested under ISO Standard and Bomb Sulfur:

In the Total Sulfur St,ad and Amount of Substance of Nitrogen, user shall select the input or titration
method.

The following window will pop up while selecting the titration method, user shall input related coefficient
based on actual condition

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Data tested under GB/T Standard:

In the Air Dry Basis Hydrogen Content, user shall select the input or conversion input.

The following window will pop up while selecting the conversion input.

Figure 4-37
Conversion of Air Dry Basis Hydrogen Content

If users input ash of air dry basis, volatile of air dry basis, and feature No. of cinder, they will be
converted into hydrogen content of air dry basis.

The following describes related formulas:

1.

Vdaf≤8% Hdaf =0.444*Vdaf+0.494

8%＜Vdaf≤24% Hdaf=0.075*Vdaf+3.29

24%＜Vdaf≤40 and the cinder No. is 3~8 Hdaf =0.053* Vdaf +3.61

Vdaf＞40 and the cinder No. is 3~8 Hdaf =0.094* Vdaf +1.92

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Vdaf＞24 and the cinder No. is 1~2 Hdaf =0.074* Vdaf +2.16

2. When Hdaf is calculated by using Vdaf, the corrected Vdaf formula is as follows:

Ad＞25~30% Vdaf (corrected)=0.85 (measured) -0.1*Ad

Ad＞30~40% Vdaf (corrected)=0.8 (measured) -0.1*Ad

Ad＞40% Vdaf (corrected)=0.75 (measured) -0.1* Ad

3. Reference conversion:

Ad =Aad*100/(100- Mad)

Vdaf=Vad*100/(100-Mad- Aad )

Had=Hdaf*(100-Mad-Aad)/100

Please input the Oxygen content and Nitrogen content while calculating the Constant-Pressure Net
Calorific Value.

Constant-pressure Net Calorific Value calculation formula:

100  M t
 
GB/T 213 Standard
Qnet, p,ar  Qgr, p,ad  212H ad  0.8(Oad  N ad )   24.4M t
100  M ad

Constant-pressure Net Calorific Value calculation formula:

ISO 1928 Standard
q p ,net,asreceived = [qV , gr,d  212wH ,d  0.8(wO,d  wN ,d )]  (1  0.01M ar )  24.43M ar

Constant-pressure Net Calorific Value calculation formula:

H ad Oad N ad
Qv  p = 24.7891  (   )
4.032 31.9988 28.0134
H
Qh = 439.85  ad
2.016
ASTM D5865 M ad
Qmad = 439.85 
18.0154
M ar
Qmar = 439.85 
18.0154
100 - M ar
Q par(net) = (Qvad ( gross)  Qv p  Qh )   Qmar
100 - M ad

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Query the data which satisfies user-specified conditions and display it in the
“Search” Button
result box.

If users click this button after having modified corresponding parameters of

selected data, corresponding results will be obtained and saved. (For duplicate
“Calculate” Button
sample data, the sulfur, hydrogen, and moisture input by users will be modified
correspondingly.)

It is used to close the higher/lower calorific value calculation window and return
“Close” Button
to the main interface of the system.

● If data is not saved:

If total sulfur is selected (GB/T, ISO or ASTM is available), the following window (Figure 4-40) will
appear.

Figure 4-40
Calculate Gross/net Calorific Value (Unsaved Data)

In this window, users need to input sample No., moisture of total sulfur received basis, air dry moisture,
hydrogen content of air dry basis, and calorific value of bomb.

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If bomb sulfur (NaOH) is selected (GB/T Standard only), the window as shown in Figure 4-41 will
appear:

Figure 4-41
Calculate Gross/Net Calorific Value
Bomb Sulfur (NaOH)
In this window, besides the items input in Figure 4-41, users need to input sample weight and content of
NaOH. If bomb sulfur (Ba(OH)2) is selected (GB/T Standard only), the window (Figure 4-42) will appear:

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Figure 4-42
Calculate Gross/Net Calorific Value
Bomb Sulfur (Ba(OH)2)

In this window, besides the items input in Figure 4-42, users need to input sample weight, content of
Ba(OH)2, and volume of chlorhydric acid. The selection of hydrogen content of air dry basis and
nitrogen/oxygen content is the same as that in ‘Calculating Gross/net calorific value (when there is
saved data)’.

“Calculate” button: It is used to dry gross calorific value, net calorific value at constant pressure, and as-
received net calorific value according to input items and display them in the below corresponding
window.

"Close" button: Close the Calculating window of Gross/Net Calorific Value.

4.4.3.4 Evaluate Net Calorific Value

If users click Evaluate Net Calorific Value (GB/T Standard only), the following window (Figure 4-43) will
appear:

Figure 4-43
Evaluate Net Calorific Value
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Users select different query modes, query conditions, and queried values.

Query mode: Users may select to query by date, No., sample name, operator, analysis item., method,
etc.

“Query” button: Query the data which satisfies user-specified conditions and display it in the result box.

“Close” button: Close the heat capacity calculation window.

4.4.3.5 Calculate Average Heat Capacity

If users click Calculate Average Heat Capacity, the following window (Figure 4-44) will appear:

Figure 4-44
Calculate Average Heat Capacity

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This interface calculates the heat capacity of the calorimeter (the relative standard deviation of 5 heat
capacity duplicate samples should be no greater than 0.2%) and saves it in a configuration file. If the
relative standard deviation between the data selected by users is greater than 0.2%, the system will
give a corresponding prompt.

Select different oxygen bomb No.s (different oxygen bombs

correspond to different values of heat capacity), such as No. 1
Oxygen Bomb No.
oxygen bomb of Card A, No. 2 oxygen bomb of Card A, No. 1
oxygen bomb of Card B, and No. 2 oxygen bomb of Card B.

The selection box is date of query. When selecting a date, users

may click to pop up a calendar selection box and select the date
Analysis Date
of the data to be queried. For example, users select ‘2011-12-8’
as the start date.

Query the records which satisfy the above-mentioned conditions

and display them in the upper data box in this interface. In the
“Query” Button data box of query results, user may select required records and
delete the unnecessary data. (From human error, trial sample,
etc.)

“Delete the selected records” Select the unnecessary data either by clicking mouse or pressing
Button "Shift" key to choose several rows.

After deleting the unnecessary data, user shall press "Calculate

"Calculate the Average Value" average" button that software will automatically the average value
Button of selected data and RSD. (Selecting 5 continuous test value of
Heat Capacity is recommended.)

Save the calculated Heat Capacity (including Oxygen Bomb No.,

"Save" Button
K Coefficient, A Coefficient, and Average Heat Capacity).

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Figure 4-45
Calculate Average Heat Capacity

“Close” button: Close the Heat Capacity calculation window.

Separately click Auto Coding, Heat Capacity or Sample by mouse, the data will be in ascending order
or descending order according to No. or value.

4.4.3.6 Calculate Dry Basis Calorific Value

When users select Calculate Calorific value of Dry Basis, the following window (Figure 4-46) will appear:

This window is used to calculate and print calorific value of dry basis.

Users need to input calorific value of bomb, total sulfur, and air dry moisture.

“OK” button: Calculate calorific value of dry basis according to input items and display it in the result
child window (Figure 4-46):

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Figure 4-46
Calculate Dry Basis Calorific Value

"Calculate" Button Calculate the dry basis Calorific Value

"Close" Button Close the dry basis Calorific Value Calculation window.

4.4.3.7 Calculate Average Value of parallel sample

If users select the Calculate Average of parallel sample menu, the interface as shown in Figure 4-47 will
appear. This interface can be used to query parallel sample data of Calorific Value, print reports and
make calculations.

Search Condition User shall select the condition by Bomb No., date or analysis method.

Users may select Auto Numbering, Manual Numbering, Sample Name,

Calorific Value of Bomb, Dry Basis Gross Calorific Value, Air Dry Basis Gross
Search Items
Calorific Value, As Received Net Calorific Value, Gross/ Net Calorific Value,
etc.

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Figure 4-47
Calculate Average Value of Duplicate Sample

Any result that satisfies conditions will be displayed in the query results.

Query the data which satisfies user-specified conditions and display it in the
result box (the upper box). If users double click a data record in the upper
“Search” Button box, the record will be automatically added to the lower parallel sample data
display box; if users double click a data record in the lower box, the record
will be deleted from the duplicate sample data.

“Clear” Button Clear the parallel sample data selected from the lower data box.

Calculate the average gross calorific value on dry basis, air-dried gross
“Calculate” Button calorific value, as-received basis net calorific value, gross calorific value of
petroleum, and net calorific value of petroleum of the parallel sample data in
the lower data box.

“Print” Button Print all the data in the lower data box and the calculated average.

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“Close” Button Close the Calculate Average of parallel sample window.

According to the new Chinese Standard GB/T213-2003, the range of two parallel sample data should
be modified from “no greater than 150J” as 120J, that of three parallel sample data from 180J as 144J
(120 x 1.2) and that of four parallel sample data from 195J as 156J (120 x 1.3).

4.4.3.8 Calculate Gross/Net Calorific Value of Petroleum

When users select the Calculate Gross/net Calorific Value of Petroleum menu (GB/T Standard only),
the following window (Figure 4-48) will appear:

Figure 4-48
Calculate Gross/Net Calorific Value of Petroleum

Calculate the gross/net calorific value of petroleum according to the input sample No., sample weight,
calorific value of bomb, test method (total sulfur or titration), content of total sulfur (weight of total sulfur
if titration is selected as the test method), petroleum type (heavy oil or light oil), and water content of
heavy oil (no input is required if the petroleum type is light oil).

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“Calculate” button:

Calculate gross/net calorific value of petroleum according to input items and display it in the sub-
window Figure 4-49:

Figure 4-49
Calculate Gross/Net Calorific Value of Petroleum

The functions of various buttons in this sub-window are as follows:

“Close” Button:

Close the Calculating Gross/Net Calorific Value of Petroleum window.

4.4.3.9 Proximate Analytical Calculation

When users click the Proximate Analytical Calculation menu (GB/T Standard only), the following
windows will appear.

When users select Brown Coal, the following window (Figure 4-50) will appear, the calculating formula
of Proximate Analytical as below (For reference):
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Qnet ,ad  31733  70.5Vad  321.6 Aad  388.4M ad KJ/Kg

Figure 4-50
Calculation of Brown Coal

When users select bituminous coal, the following window (Figure 4-56) will appear, the calculating
formula of Proximate Analytical as below (For reference):

Qnet ,ad  35860  73.7Vad  395.7 Aad  702.0M ad  173.6CRC KJ/Kg

Figure 4-51
Test and Calculation of Bituminous Coal

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When users select anthracite, the following window (Figure 4-52) will appear, the calculating formula of
Proximate Analytical as below (For reference):

Qnet ,ad  32347  161.5Vad  345.8 Aad  360.3M ad  1042.3H ad KJ/Kg

Figure 4-52
Test and Calculation of Anthracite

The above three windows are respectively used to calculate the air-dried net calorific value of brown
Coal, that of bituminous coal, and that of Anthracite.

Input ash of air dry basis, volatile of air dry basis, and air dry
Calculation of Anthracite
moisture.

Input ash of air dry basis, volatile of air dry basis, air dry
Calculation of Bituminous moisture, and feature No. of cinder.

Input ash of air dry basis, volatile of air dry basis, air dry
Calculation of Anthracite
moisture, and hydrogen content of air dry basis.

Calculate the air-dried net calorific value of brown Coal, that of bituminous
“Calculate” button coal, and that of Anthracite according to input items, and display them in
respective sub-windows.

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Sub-window for Brown Coal test and calculation (Figure 4-53):

Figure 4-53
Calculation of Brown Coal Analysis

Sub-window for Bituminous Coal test and calculation (Figure 4-54):

Figure 4-54
Calculation of Bituminous Coal Analysis

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Sub-window for Anthracite test and calculation (Figure 4-55):

Figure 4-55
Calculation of Anthracite Analysis

“Close” button: Close the Proximate Analytical Calculation window.

4.4.4 View Menu

Figure 4-56
View Menu

The View menu includes status bar and toolbar.

4.4.4.1 Status Bar

Display/hide status bar (when status bar displays, ‘√’ will be seen on the left side of it).

4.4.4.2 Toolbar

Display/hide toolbar (when toolbar displays, ‘√’ will be seen on the left side of it).

4.4.5 Data Management

When users click Data Management, the following menu will appear:
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Figure 4-57
Data Manager Menu
This functional menu includes:

View Data Ctrl+I

View Backup Data Ctrl+R

Backup Data Ctrl+B

Compress Database Ctrl+L

Database Password Ctrl+F

4.4.5.1 View Data

When users click View Data, the following window (Figure 4-58) will appear:

Query Condition:

Period, Item, Method, Manual Numbering, Sample Name, Analyst, Other Items, Related Query
Condition, Related Query Item.

Period Set the period for query.

It includes Heat Capacity of Benzoic Acid, Calorific Value, Cement Black Raw
Item
Meal, All (Default)

Method It contains Classical method, Classical method and Quick Method, All (Default).

Manual Number User shall input the manual No. for normal query.

Sample Name Saving the data as per sample name. All by default.

Analyst Saving the data as per analyst. All by default.

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 Query in combination:

In other item for query, it covers:

Auto Numbering, Heat Capacity of Calorimeter, Calorific Value of Bomb, Air Dry Basis Gross
Calorific Value, As Received Basis Net Calorific Value, Total Sulfur, Air Dry Basis Hydrogen
Content, Air Dry Basis Moisture, As Received Basis Moisture, Sample Weight, Temperature Rise of
Principle Period, Correction C, Principle Period, Initial Temperature of Principle Period, Not Select,
etc. Not Select is by default.

In advanced query, user shall select the corresponding item, and set the condition: =, >, <, ≠,
<=, >=. Input the item to query value.

Query Button Click it to search the data in database, system will display the
required data.

Delete Button Select the data and click Delete Button, system will delete the data
as well as that the database will delete this data.

Select the data for print by pressing "Ctrl" and "Shift" key to choose
Print the Selected Records several data. After choosing the data, click "Print Selected Data".
(Figure 4-59)

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Figure 4-58
View History

Figure 4-59

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Select Records

Figure 4-60
Select Records for Print Preview

 Print All Records:

Print all the above queried data. Same as the above Print Preview.

 Report Setting

The report name is Report of Analysis Data (Default), user shall input or modify the name. (Figure
4-61)

 Report Type

It will indicate that the duplicate sample must be selected in group line.

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Figure 4-61
Report Setting

 Right Click of Data View:

Right click the mouse in data view window, it will display the follow figure. (Figure 4-62)

Figure 4-62
Right Click of Data View

 Display Item:

Click the Cell Setting to display the figure below.

Left Column:

The displayed item and order.

Right Column:

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The hidden item.

User shall click ADD & DEL key to move the item to the display items or hidden items.

Click the "Up", "Down", "Top", "Bottom" buttons to move the displayed items for different order.

Label Setting:

The name of displayed items.

Report Print Setting:

User shall set the value by keeping decimal place.

Figure 4-63
Display Setting of Table

Check Duplicate sample:

Select the duplicate samples for check, than right click mouse the check parallel sample. (Figure 4-64)

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Figure 4-64
Check Duplicate Sample
Check Heat Capacity:

Select the data for checking Heat Capacity, then right click the mouse to select "Check Heat Capacity".
(Figure 4-65) System will calculate and judge the Heat Capacity.

Figure 4-65
Check Heat Capacity

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Calculate Average Calorific Value:

Select the data for checking Calorific Value, then right click the mouse to select "Calculate Average
Calorific Value". System will calculate and judge the Heat Capacity.

Figure
Calculate Average Calorific Value

4.4.5.2 View Backup Data

User click View Backup Data to display the following Figure 4-66. System will search the backup data
from Bak file (Default). User shall set the location of backup database to search the backup data and
open it, then user can view the data in the database. (Backup Database format: *.mdb)

Figure 4-66
Open the backup Data

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4.4.5.3 Data Backup

User clicks the Data Backup to display the windows (Figure 4-67, Figure 4-68, Figure 4-69). It will
export the database backup to the destination menu or file.

Firstly, select backup date, confirm the data backup location and backup file name.

Then, judge whether delete the same items of database and backup data.

Note: The backuped data owns the original password by default.

Figure 4-67
Select the Backup Date

Figure 4-68
Location of Data Backup

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Figure 4-69
Prompt for Data Backup

4.4.5.4 Database Compression

User clicks Compress Data, it will display the following figure if compression successes.

Figure 4-70
Prompt for Data Compression

4.4.5.5 Database Password

User clicks the Database Password to display the following window (Figure 4-71), entering the original
password (Default: CSKY). Then input the new password twice, click OK to change the Database
Password.

Figure 4-71
Modify Database Password

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4.4.6 Help

It contains Help (F1), About (Ctrl+A). (Figure 4-72)

Figure 4-72
Help Menu

4.4.6.1 Help Menu

If users select the Help Menu, the following window (Figure 4-73) will appear:

When users select Contents, the following window will appear:

Figure 4-73
Help Menu

When users press down F1 or select this menu, system help information will pop up.

Users may click Contents and then select the items in the help list to obtain related information.

Users may also click Index and then select required content, or directly input the item to be queried. If
related information exists, the system will display it.

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4.4.6.2 About

When users select About, the following window (Figure 4-74) will appear:

Figure 4-74
Software Version

This window displays the version and copyright of this software.

“OK” button: Close the About window.

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Chapter 5 Operation

5.1 Routine Operations

1. Switch on the host (press first the red button and then the green one), printer, electronic balance
and computer of the 5E-C5500 express calorimeter.

2. Run the test program and click the “Test” menu to enter the “Start Analysis” interface.

3. Load the oxygen bomb with a waste sample and begin a test (if it is necessary to save waste
sample time, you may use the quick method to experiment on the waste sample).

4. Begin to weigh the sample in half an hour (sample weight: about 1g; resolution of balance:
0.0001g). If the balance has been connected with the computer, sample weight will be
automatically input. (For correct use of the balance, please refer to the balance description)

5. Load with a sample: Hang the oxygen bomb head on the oxygen bomb support. Put the crucible
loaded with a sample onto the crucible rack. Assemble the igniting wire. Make sure that the igniting
wire and the sample are in good contact or the igniting wire is a small distance away from the latter
(if coal is apt to splash or burn easily). Do not let the igniting wire contact the crucible lest ignition
should fail due to short circuit or even the crucible and crucible rack should be burned. Also make
sure that there is no short circuit between two electrodes and between the combustion container
and the other electrode.

Pour 10 mL distilled water into the oxygen bomb, and tighten the oxygen bomb lid. Make sure the
locations of the crucible and the igniting wire do not change due to vibration. Also make sure the
sample is not flipped by the igniting wire.

Wrap a sample apt to splash (with high volatile) with lens paper with known mass and calorific
value, or thin it with a thinning machine and cut it into 2mm~4mm pieces; For a sample hard to
burn completely, first put asbestos wool (burned at 800 °C for 30 minutes) at the crucible bottom or
wrap the sample with lens wiping paper. If the calorific value of a sample is lower than 18,000 J/g,
some benzoic acid should be added. If a sample has too high sulfur content and the calorific value
higher than 35,000 J/g, its weight should be properly reduced.

6. Charge oxygen: Charge the oxygen bomb with oxygen until the oxygen pressure reaches 2.8
MPa~3.0 MPa. When the meter pointer stays stable, continue to charge the oxygen bomb with
oxygen for about 15 seconds. When the oxygen pressure in the steel cylinder falls below 5.0 MPa,
the oxygen-charging period should be properly prolonged. When the oxygen pressure in the steel
cylinder is lower than 4.0 MPa, the steel cylinder should be replaced.

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7. Put the oxygen bomb onto the A-frame in the bucket, close the upper cover and input “No. and
sample weight” in the test main interface. If there is any additive, users need to input “additive
weight” and then press the “Start Analysis” button.

8. After the test, take out the oxygen bomb and discharge the waste gas in the oxygen bomb with
the air escape valve. Take out the oxygen bomb head and observe carefully to check whether the
sample in the oxygen bomb spills or has any carbon black. If the sample spills or has any carbon
black, this test should be cancelled and users need to begin a second test. Clean the parts of the
oxygen bomb and dry it. The washed crucible can be dried by an electric stove, but cannot be used
until it is cooled.

9. Note: The temperature of the water used to clean the oxygen bomb should be close to room
temperature lest too great difference between the temperature of the oxygen bomb and that of the
water in the constant temperature core should influence test results. It is recommended to wipe up
the oxygen bomb head with a towel instead of cleaning it with water.

The water in the oxygen bomb is corrosive after an analysis!

10. Repeat the above-mentioned procedures until all tests have been conducted. First close the testing
software (wait patiently until various operations are performed); then switch on various parts, close
the master valve of the steel cylinder, and cover the calorimeter with drop cloth.

11. When the water in the reservoir apparently decreases after long-time tests, you need to water the
reservoir.

12. Set the temperature of the chiller on the basis of the ambient temperature, bucket temperature, and
jacket temperature. When the calorimeter is doing a test with an empty oxygen bomb or waste
sample, set the temperature of the chiller according to the bucket temperature, jacket temperature,
and ambient temperature before ignition. It is recommended to set the temperature of the chiller
as an integral temperature spot slightly lower than the ambient temperature but slightly higher than
the bucket temperature and jacket temperature. If the above-mentioned requirements are hard to
be satisfied, take an integral value close to the above temperature spot. When there is no great
fluctuation of the ambient temperature, you generally need not modify the setting of the water
chiller.

5.2 Watering Procedures of the Calorimeter

1. Prepare about 40 kg distilled water.

2. Switch on the calorimeter host and computer host in turn.

3. Run the test program of the 5E Calorimeter.

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4. Execute “Hardware Diagnostics” in the “Function” menu to enter the hardware Diagnostics window
(See Figure 4-23 and 4.4.3.1).

5. Click the “Open Inlet Valve of Jacket” button to open the inlet valve of jacket.

6. Add water to the Temperature Control Unit.

Do take protective measures during watering.

Do not let water flow (drip) on the black rubber ring for heat insulation. If there is any, dry it as soon
as possible. Prepare a container to hold the water from the overflow gate.

7. Control the watering speed of the bucket so that there is enough time for the jacket to be watered
(when the overflow pipe of the jacket overflows, it indicates that the jacket has been filled with
water). When the water level of the reservoir reaches the highest water level and overflow is seen
at the overflow gate of the calorimeter, add a small amount of water and wait patiently until the
overflow ends.

8. The water level remains stable. Rerun the calorimeter (with no load) according to the laboratory
flow.

5.3 Water Release Procedures of Calorimeter

1. Switch on the calorimeter host and computer host in turn.

2. Run the test program of the 5E express calorimeter.

3. Execute “Hardware Diagnostics” in the “Function” menu to enter the hardware Diagnostics window
(See Figure 4-23 and 4.4.3.1).

4. Open "Balance Valve", "Drain Pump of Bucket". Place the Vessel water into Reservoir. After
draining whole water of vessel, close the valves and pumps.

5. Find the drain pipe on the bottom of control unit and temperature control unit, plug out the stopper
to drain water to the water container.

Note:

In this step, please timely check the water level in water container, lest water may overflow.

5.4 Test Method

5.4.1 Calibrating Heat Capacity

1. Switch on the host of the 5E-C5500 Calorimeter and the computer in turn.

2. Run the test program of the 5E express calorimeter and enter the main interface (See Figure 4-3).

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3. Open the “System Setting” window in the “Setting” menu, select test items (For details, see 4.2.1.1
System Setting Menu), and return to the main interface.

4. Click the “Test” menu to enter the “Start Analysis” window (For details, see 4.4.2.1).

5. When calibrating heat capacity with benzoic acid, please conduct a test according to “5.1 Routine
Operations” and the Chinese Standard GB/T 213-2008. Do remember to dry the oxygen bomb after
each test.

Note:

Please select a correct oxygen bomb number if there is more than one oxygen bomb.

6. Click the “Function” menu to enter the “Calculating Average Heat Capacity” window and calculate
heat capacity and save it(For details, see 4.4.3.4 Calculating Average Heat Capacity).

5.4.2 Measuring Calorific value of Coal

1. Switch on the host of the 5E calorimeter and the computer in turn.

2. Run the test program of the 5E express calorimeter and enter the main interface.

3. Make sure that the heat capacity of the calorimeter has been calibrated.

4. Open the “System Setting” window in the “Setting” menu, select test items (For details, see 4.2.1.1
System Setting Menu), and return to the main interface.

5. Click the “Test” menu to enter the “Start Analysis” window (For details, see 4.4.2.1).

6. Conduct the test according to “5.1 Routine Operations”.

Note:

Please select a correct oxygen bomb number if there is more than one oxygen bomb.

7. Click the “Function” menu to enter the required window and make calculations (For details, see 4.3
Function Description).

5.5 Precautions for the Use of water chiller

The water chiller consists of the compressor, condenser, controller, and air ducting.

1. Display of the temperature of the water chiller and that of the set temperature

Press and hold SET for a short time to display the temperature of the water chiller or the set
temperature. If the left upper indicator “1” on the display is off, it indicates that the temperature of
the water chiller displays. If it flashes, it indicates that the set temperature displays (See Figure 5-1
Schematic Diagram of the Controller. Figure 5-2 is the pictorial diagram).

2. Adjust the set temperature.

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 C5500/C5508/AC Calorimeter

Press and hold SET for at least 3 seconds. The display flashes and displays the set temperature.
Release SET, and you can enter Temperature Setting. If you press “△”, the set temperature will
increase progressively. If you press “▽”, the set temperature will drop. The set temperature ranges
from 4 to 28°C. After the adjustment, press SET again, or wait for 8 seconds. Automatic storage
resets and the current temperature of the water chiller displays.

3. Adjust the temperature error.

You may adjust the temperature error at the “□□□” of the liquid crystal display. When the actual
temperature of the water chiller deviates from the displayed temperature of cooling water, you may
perform compensation adjustment in the following way: Press down both “△” and “▽” for at least 6
seconds until the nixie tube of the display flashes. Release “△” and “▽” and press down “△” or
“▽”. In this way, you may adjust the temperature error within the range of -1.5°C ~1.5°C
(Generally, the temperature base point of the calorimeter is calibrated before it leaves factory. Do
not perform this function at will!).

4. Automatic power-down protection

The water chiller is capable of automatic power-down protection. When the compressor is restarted
after its power-down, it needs 3-minute delay time. The delay time of initial power-up is 1 minute.

5. Power-up and power-down conditions of the refrigerating compressor

When the water temperature of the water chiller is at least 1°C higher than the set temperature and
the power-down of the compressor lasts for more than 3 minutes, the compressor will automatically
begin its refrigeration. When the temperature of the water chiller reaches or is lower than the set
temperature, the compressor will automatically stop working.

If the right upper indicator "6" of the display is on, it indicates that the compressor is working. If the
indicator is off, it indicates that the water temperature reaches the set temperature and the
compressor stops working. If the indicator flashes, it indicates that the compressor is in 3-minute
delay power-up protection status.

6. Fault display

The water chiller is capable of displaying some faults. When the temperature sensor is faulty or
open-circuited, the display will display the character “P1”. Meantime, the unit is in automatic power-
down protection status.

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℃
1.Key for increasing 7.Key for decreasing
temperature temperature

2.Temperature
indicator
3.Temperature
display

4.Key for setting 6.Working state

temperatue indicator
5.Point indicator

Figure 5-1
Interface of the Controller of the Water Chiller

Figure 5-2
Interface of the Controller of the water chillier

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Chapter 6 Maintenance & Troubleshooting

6.1 Accessory Assembly

6.1.1 Measuring Vessel

1. Measuring Vessel Cover 2. Measuring Vessel 3. Rubber Belt

4. Screw M3 x 8 5. Screw M3 x 12 6. Nut M3
7. Pipe 8. Measuring Vessel Cushion 9. Measuring Vessel Support
10. Top Plate

Figure 6-1
Measuring Vessel Assembly

1. Screw off the screw (4) (Figure 6-1), and take out the measuring vessel cover (1).

2. Pull downward out the water inlet pipe (7) of the measuring vessel (take care to use proper force).

3. Pull out the other end of the water outlet pipe.

4. Remove the rubber belt (3).

5. Take out the Measuring Vessel (2).

6. Place the Measuring Vessel, hold the inlet and outlet glass tube of the vessel by hand, carefully
take out the rubber pipe.

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6.1.2 Stirrer

1-Stirring Blade 2-Stirring Rod 3-Bearing Base

4- Bearing 5-Bushing 6-Connection Pipe

7-Bearing Housing Nut 8-Plate for motor mounting 9-Coupling

10-Motor Fixer 11-Stirring Motor 12-Screw

13-Screw 14-Cover Plate 15-Screw

Figure 6-2 Stirrer Assembly

The motor of the stirrer employs AC supply. Do not get an electric shock!

Replacement of Stirrer
1. Open the cover, and separate the Cover Plate (14 in Fig. 6-2) from the cover.
2. Loosen the screws (12)
3. Secure the bearing housing nut (7); unscrew the Bearing Base (3).
4. Pull out the Connection Pipe (6)
5. Take out the Stirring motor (11)
6. Loosen the screws (15) Take out the stirring blade (1) and pull out the stirring rod (2)

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6.1.3 Elbow Glass Tube

1. Pipe 2. Rubber Stopper 3. Jacket

4. Glass Tube 5. Pipe of Jacket 6. Bucket
7. Rubber O-ring
Figure 6-3 Elbow Glass Tube Assembly

1. Pull out the hose (1) with proper force and take out the rubber stopper (2).

2. Push rightward the glass tube (4) and pull out the rubber lock ring (7).

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6.1.4 Oxygen Bomb (Figure 6-4)

1. Unscrew the Connecting Ring (4), withdraw the Vessel Lid(6), and take out the Block Plate (13)
and Crooked Rod Assy (14);

2. Remove the Long Suspender Assy(12) unscrew the hex cap nut and remove the Short
Suspender Assy (14) and associated parts;

3. Unscrew the vessel head (2) with a 22-24 double-ended open spanner and adjustable wrench.
Take out the O-ring (18) and the valve core (1);

4. Loosen the core (11) Loosen the bolt (3) and take out the upper cushion (5), the lower cushion (8)
and the core (11).

1. Valve Core

2. Vessel Head

18.O-ring6×1.9
3.Bolt
19.O-ring13.2×1.8
4. Connecting Ring

5. Upper Cushion
6. Vessel Lid
19.O-ring13.2×1.8
7. Clamp Ring
8. Lower Cushion 20.O-ring60×5.7
9. Ceramic Ring
10. Silicon Pad
11. Core

12. Long Suspender Assy

13. Block Plate

14. Short Suspender Assy

15/21. Vessel

16. UHF Figure 6-4

17. Cover

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No. EPR No. Name Specification Note

1 213021007 Valve Core YDI-001

2 213021109 Vessel Head YD50-009

3 213021083 Bolt YD50-002

4 213021053 Connecting Ring YDⅢA-002

5 213021084 Upper Cushion YD50-003

6 213021147 Vessel Lid YD60-002

7 213021016 Clamp Ring YDI-010

8 213021148 Lower Cushion YD60-003

9 213021153 Ceramic Ring YD60-004

10 213021149 Silicon Pad YD60-005

11 213021150 Core YD60-006

12 212060042 Long Suspender Assy YD50-02

13 213021089 Block Plate YD50-008

14 212060041 Short Suspender Assy YD50-01

15 213021146 Vessel YD60-001

16 3011210037 UHF VT-2019

17 213021151 Cover YD60-007

18 3090101050 O-ring 6×1.9 GB/T1235-1976(old edition)

19 3090101199 O-ring 13.2×1.8 GB/T3452.1-2005

20 3090101035 O-ring 60×5.7 GB/T1235-1976(old edition)

21 213021168 Vessel YD5H-008 Halogen Resistant

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6.1.5 Hand-hold Oxygen Charger

1. Nut 2. Seal joint 3. Sealing cushion

4. Fastening nut 5. Nylon tube 6. Connector

7. O-shaped lock ring 12 x 2 8. Oxygen pressure gauge 9. Core body

10. Push pole 11. Screw 12. O-shaped lock ring 12 x 3

13. O-shaped lock ring 12 x 2 14. Oxygen-charging head 15. Retainer ring

16. Spring 17. O-shaped lock ring 18 x 2.4 18. Active sleeve

19. Steel ball

Figure 6-5
Assembly and Disassembly of the Hand-hold Oxygen Charger

1. Push upward the active sleeve (18), unscrew the oxygen-charging head (14), and take out the lock
ring (13).

2. Unscrew the screw (11), push rightward to make the pushing bar (10) come out, and take out the
lock ring (12).

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6.1.6 Washing for Bucket Filter

Washing Direction

1. Filter 2. Bucket

Figure 6-6
Washing for Filter

1. Open the cover, loose the filter (1) (Figure 6-6) from bucket (2) and take it out.
2. Wash the filter as the direction showed on the Figure 6-6.
3. If there is any rust or impurities around the thread (Filter, bucket bottom), please wash it.

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6.2 Troubleshooting

No. Description Reasons Troubleshooting

1. The wiring terminal of probe and temperature 1. Connect wiring terminals again.
reading card are not in good contact or there is
loose connection between them.
2. Remove the dirt.
2. There is dirt on the metal jacket surface of the
temperature sensor.

3. Water penetrates into the temperature sensor. 3. Replace the temperature sensor.
4. The factor of temperature reading card is not 4. Correct the factor of the temperature reading
Inaccurate correct. card.
6.1 temperature
reading 5. The A/D of the temperature reading card 5. Restart the calorimeter host.
receives interference, but the single-chip
microcomputer fails to identify this.

6. The shielded cable of temperature sensor and

ground of calorimeter are in poor contact. 6. Ground the shielded cable of the temperature
7. The serial port wire is affected by external sensor.
interference. 7. Please ensure that the case and calorimeter
are grounded well.

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1. A wiring terminal breaks. 1. Weld the wiring terminal again.

2. A connecting wire breaks. 2. Replace connecting wire together with

temperature sensor.
3. The temperature sensor is damaged.
Unable to read 3. Replace the temperature sensor.
6.2 4. The signal cable between the temperature
temperature reading card and the main board is not 4. Connect the signal cable again.
connected or there is not good contact.
5. Replace the temperature reading card.
5. The temperature reading card is damaged.
6. Replace the serial port.
6. The serial port is damaged.

1. Disassemble the oxygen bomb head

1. There is dirt at the O-shaped lock ring (2) on
according to 6.1.4 (the same below), take out
the valve core.
The air inlet of the the valve core and remove the dirt.
6.3 oxygen bomb leaks 2. The O-shaped lock ring (2) ages or cracks.
2. Replace the lock ring 6 x 1.9 (2).
(Figure 6-4).
3. The valve core (1) or oxygen bomb head (3) is
3. Replace the valve core or oxygen bomb
severely worn out.
head.

Air leaks from 1. The oxygen bomb head (3) and the core print 1. Fasten the screw thread between the oxygen
between the seat (3) are not fastened. bomb head and the core body.
oxygen bomb head 2. The O-shaped lock ring (17) ages or cracks. 2. Replace the O-shaped lock ring 60 x 5.7.
6.4
and the core print 3. The upper insulation covering ages or becomes 3. Replace the insulation covering (by
seat or nut (See ineffective. specialized maintenance personnel).
Figure 6-4).

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1. There is short circuit between heat shield and 1. Reassemble the heat shield and the crucible
crucible rack. rack.

2. Severe ablation on the surface of ignition 2. Polish the ignition electrode pole and the
electrode or crucible rack results in poor contact crucible rack with fine abrasive paper.
of igniting wire. Replace the ignition electrode pole and the
crucible rack if necessary.
3. The igniting wire is not well assembled. It
contacts crucible or crucible rack. 3. Reinstall the igniting wire.
Ignition fails (1):
6.5 The igniting wire 4. The signal cable of ignition controller is not 4. Open the flip and connect the signal cable of
does not burn out. connected or there is loose connection. the ignition controller.

5. The ignition controller (relay) is damaged. 5. Replace the relay.

6. The ignition electrode and oxygen bomb are not 6. Readjust or replace the ignition electrode.
in good contact.
7. Replace the igniting wire with a new one.
7. The resistance of igniting wire is greater than
8. Replace the Oxygen bomb.
10Ω.

8. The insulating layer of Oxygen bomb gets aging.

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1. Unable to read temperature 1. Diagnose according to 6.2 in this chapter.

2. Probe wires of bucket and jacket are connected 2. Connect the probe wire again.
inversely on temperature reading card.
3. Select a correct serial port.
Ignition fails (2): 3. Serial port selection error. (especially for a
The igniting wire 4. Fix the mixing blades again.
6.6 double control Bucket).
burns out and the 5. Adjust the stirring blades (there should be an
sample burns. 4. The blades of the stirrer are loose or fall off.
angle of 45°between stirring blades and
5. The stirring blades are on the same horizontal horizontal plane).
plane.
6. Reinstall stirring pole, or replace stirring
6. The stirring blades gets stuck. motor.

1. Cotton thread or the igniting wire does not 1. Reinstall the igniting wire.
Ignition fails (3): contact a coal sample.
2. Check the oxygen pressure in the oxygen
The igniting wire
2. No oxygen is charged or there is too low oxygen cylinder. Replace the oxygen cylinder if the
6.7 burns out and the
pressure. pressure is too low.
sample does not
burn. 3. Benzoic acid is tightly pressed. Its surface is too 3. Replace the benzoic acid.
smooth.

1. The stirring pole breaks. 1. Replace the stirring pole.

The poker does not
6.8 2. The stirring motor is damaged. 2. Replace the stirring motor.
turn (Figure 6-2).
3. The silicone pipe of stirring falls off. 3. Re-install the silicone pipe.

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1. The stirring motor is not fixed well. 1. Open the cover to fix the stirring motor.

2. Severe wear results in too great a gap. 2. Replace stirring sleeve or stirring pole.

The stirrer makes 3. The stirring blades (18) deform. 3. Adjust or replace stirring blades (there should
great noise during be an angle of 45°between the stirring
6.9 4. The stirring blades (18) are loose.
its operation blades and the horizontal plane).
(Figure 6-2) 5. The stirring blades hit the glass inlet pipe.
4. Fasten the screw (1).

5. Slightly adjust location of flip or glass inlet

pipe.

1. The oxygen-charging pipe is blocked. 1. Dismount the locking nut and sealing
cushion; Take out the nylon tube and check
2. The oxygenerator is blocked inside.
whether it is blocked or not.
3. The pressure-relief valve is damaged or there is
Unable to charge If the nylon tube is blocked, we generally cut
insufficient pressure in the oxygen cylinder.
the oxygen bomb a small section off the end of the nylon tube
6.10 and reassemble the nylon tube.
with oxygen (Figure
6-5). 2. Dismount the pushing bar, oxygen-charging
head, and oxygen meter; dredge small holes
inside the core body.

3. Replace pressure regulator or O2 cylinder.

Air leaks from the 1. The thread between the locking nut (4) and the 1. Tighten the thread between the locking nut
6.11 oxygen-charging seal joint (2) or the connector (6) is not (4) and the seal joint (2) or the connector (6).
pipe (Figure 6-5). tightened. 2. Tighten the thread between the nut and the

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2. The thread between the nut and the pressure- pressure-relief valve.
relief valve is not tightened. 3. Replace the O-shaped lock ring (7).
3. The O-shaped lock ring (7) ages or cracks. 4. Replace the nylon tube.
4. The nylon tube cracks or becomes ineffective.

The 1. The nut is loose. 1. Tighten the nut.

electromagnetic 2. The spring inside the valve core is not installed 2. Open the electromagnetic valve and fit the
6.12 well. spring.
valve makes big
3. The electromagnetic valve is damaged. 3. Replace the electromagnetic valve.
noise.

1. There is contamination inside. 1. Open the electromagnetic valve and remove

2. The valve core and spring are not installed well. the contamination.
Water leaks from 3. The connector is loose. 2. Open the electromagnetic valve and reinstall
6.13 the electromagnetic 4. The electromagnetic valve is damaged. the valve core and spring.
valve. 3. Tighten the connector (wrap the raw material
strap if necessary).
4. Replace the electromagnetic valve.

1. The nut at the discharge outlet is not tightened 1. Tighten the nut or use a lock ring.
or there is no lock ring. 2. Fix this connector again (wrap the raw
2. Some connectors are loose or fall off. material strap if necessary).
Water leaks from a 3. Too much water is added. 3. Discharge some water according to water
6.14
Bucket. 4. There is crack at the welding portion of the release procedures.
constant temperature Bucket. 4. Find the leakage position and stick firmly with
5. Water leaks from the electromagnetic valve AB glue.
between the reservoir and the jacket. 5. Discharge water and replace solenoid valve.

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1. Inaccurate weighing or misoperation. 1. Preheat the balance for at least an hour

2. There is water in the gap between the bucket before using it. Perform operations carefully
and jacket. according to rules.
The repeatability of 3. The factor of the temperature reading card is not 2. Take down the bucket and remove the water
6.15 analysis results is correct. on it.
not good enough. 4. Environmental factors have too big an influence. 3. Recheck the card coefficient.
5. There is strong interference with the power 4. Control environment according to national
supply. standards.
5. Replace the power supply.

1. Heat capacity changes. 1. Calibrate heat capacity again. It is

2. The oxygen bomb is replaced with a wrong one recommended to prepare 1 to 2 samples
Analysis results are
or heat capacity is not selected according to a before each test to verify whether heat
6.16 not precise
corresponding oxygen bomb. capacity changes.
enough.
3. A sample is not fully burned. 2. Select correct heat capacity again.
3. Conduct a test according to the workflow.

1. The connection line between the water chiller 1. Check the connection line between the
The controller of and the controller is not good; water chiller and the controller;
the water chillier 2. The display of the controller is damaged; 2. Replace the display of the controller;
6.17
does not 3. The cooling power supply is not turned on. 3. Turn on the cooling power supply (Green
display. Button).

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The water chiller 1. The ventilation opening is blocked by dust or a 1. Clean the air inlet with a brush or vacuum
does not provide foreign body; cleaner;
6.18 refrigeration or 2. The refrigerant is insufficient. 2. Ask specialized persons to fill the water
there is insufficient chiller with a special refrigerant of our
refrigeration. company.

1. The supply voltage and frequency do not satisfy 1. The water chillier can only be powered by
the requirements of the water chiller; 220 V ± 22V, 50/60 Hz (or a lower
The water chillier is
2. The compressor inside the water chillier is in frequency);
intermittently
6.19 power-down protection status. 2. The water chillier will automatically restart in
started and shut
3. The set temperature is higher than the water 3 minutes;
down.
temperature of the reservoir. 3. Set again by referring to 5.5.

1. The fan blades are stuck by a foreign body; 1. Check whether the fan blades are stuck and
The calorimeter 2. The vibration of the compressor makes sound; remove the foreign body;
6.20 makes great 2. Check if retaining screws on bottom plate of
noise. compressor loosens; tighten them;

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6.3 Cleaning

1. If the calorimeter is not used for a long time, discharge all the water inside it and
cover it with cloth.

2. Always remove the dust or residual sample on the surface of the calorimeter. The
air ducting and ventilating fan, in particular, should be often cleaned instead of
being blocked or stuck by a foreign body. Keep the calorimeter clean and pleasing
to the eye. Clean the calorimeter with clear water or alcohol instead of with
corrosive matters like acid and alkali.

3. Always keep the bucket and Measuring vessel of the calorimeter clean. Do not let
them bumped by something heavy.

4. If an oxygen bomb is not used for a long time, clean it and store it in a shady and
dry place.

5. For the sake of inspection and maintenance, the identifications and signs of the
water path and electric circuit inside the calorimeter should be kept intact. Water
path pipes and electric circuit connections should be in good order.

6. Once the calorimeter has water leakage, turn off the general supply as soon as
possible and find out the cause. The calorimeter cannot be switched on until it is air-
dried inside and outside.

7. Replace the water in the calorimeter system once every three months. The water
should be distilled water or pure water.

8. If you observe from the visual liquid level meter the water in the reservoir apparently
decreases, you may add 1 to 2 Measuring vessels of water to the calorimeter
system (in general, when the calorimeter is filled with water and put to more than
200 tests, you may add 0.5 L~1L water to the calorimeter system).

9. Do not shake or bump the calorimeter when it is in use. Do not move the
calorimeter at will once it has been installed and debugged.

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Chapter 7 Structure Diagram

Measuring Fig. 7-1 Schematic Diagram of Water Path

Vessel 2.1L

Inlet Valve of
Measuring Vessel
Drain Diaphragm Pump
Balance
Valve Bucket

Drain water from bucket

Drain Valve of Bucket

Reserved Port
Measuring Vessel Filling Jacket overflows
Overflow Port
Overflow Port of Measuring Vessel of Reservoir

Magnetic Pump Water Filling for Cooling and Jacket

MP-10RN
Port of Liquid
Level Meter
Jacket Magnetic Pump
MP-15RN Outlet

Cooling
Jacket Adding Water Drain Water Water filling in Jacket backflows Water Chiller

Water Filling
for Cooling

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Appendix A Calculation Formulas of the Calorimeter

(GB/T 213-2008)

Calculation formula of heat capacity:

Qm  q1  qn
E
C

Calculation formula of calorific value of bomb:

E (  C )  q1  q2
Qb,ad 
m

Calculation formula of gross air dry calorific value:

Qgr,ad  Qb,ad  (94.1S b,ad  aQb,ad )

Calculation formula of net calorific value of received basis:

100  M t
Qnet ,v ,ar  (Q gr ,v ,ad  206 H ad )  23M t
100  M ad

Calculation formula for converting gross air dry calorific value into gross dry calorific
value:
100
Qgr,d  Qgr,ad 
100  M ad

Calculation formula of heat of formation of nitric acid:

qn  0.0015Qm

Calculation formula of cooling correction (Regnault Pfaudler):

Vn  V0  n1 
 t j  t n  t0   nt0 
1
C  nV0 
t n  t0  j 1 2 

Calculation formula of bomb sulfur:

Sb,ad  (n V / m aQb,ad / 60) 1.6

Description of formula definition:

E ------------- Heat capacity (J/K)

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Qb,ad ------------ Bomb calorific value (J/g or MJ/Kg)

Qgr,ad --------- Gross calorific value at constant volume as air

dry basis (J/g or MJ/Kg)

Qnet,v,ar -------- Net calorific value at constant volume as

received basis (J/g or MJ/Kg)

Qgr,d ---------- Gross calorific value at constant volume as dry

basis (J/g or MJ/Kg)

Q ------------- Calorific value of benzoic (J/g or MJ/Kg)

m ------------ Mass of sample g

q1 ------------- Calorific value of the ignition wire (J)

q2 ------------- Calorific value of additive (J)

qn ------------- Calorific value of forming HNO3 (J)

△ ----------- Corrected temperature rise (K or ℃)

C ------------- Correction of temperature (K or ℃)

a ------------- Emendation coefficient of HNO3

If Qb≤16.7MJ/Kg, then a=0.001;

If 16.7MJ/Kg≤Qb≤25.1MJ/Kg, then a=0.0012;
If Qb≥25.1MJ/Kg, then a=0.0016;

St ------------- Total sulfur %

Mt ------------ Total moisture %

Mad ----------- Moisture as air dry basis %

Had ----------- Hydrogen as air dry basis %

V0 ------------ Velocity of bucket cooling during initial period K/30Sec

Vn ------------ Velocity of bucket cooling during terminal K/30Sec

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period

tj -------------- Temperature of jacket (K or ℃)

t0 -------------- Temperature of bucket as ignition (K or ℃)

tn ------------- Temperature of bucket as terminal (K or ℃)

------------ Average temperature during initial period (K or ℃)

------------ Average temperature during terminal period (K or ℃)

n-------------- Number of minutes(number of 30 Seconds) during key analysis

period

Sb------------- Sulfur of bomb

N-------------- Consistency of Ba(OH)2 0.1mol/L

V-------------- Volume of Ba(OH)2 mL

Calculation formula of bomb sulfur (Ba(OH)2 titration) according to the new Standard
GB/T213-2008:

V1  C1  V2  C2  20.0C3
Sb,ad  1.6 
m
Where:
Sb,ad--------------------- Bomb Sulfur of sample
V1----------------------- Volume of Ba(OH)2
C1----------------------- Consistency of Ba(OH)2
V2----------------------- Volume of HCl
C2----------------------- Consistency of HCl
C3----------------------- Consistency of H2CO3
m----------------------- Mass of sample

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Appendix B Biomass Fuel Application

1. Comply with Standard

GB/T 30727-2014 Determination of Calorific Value in Solid Biofuels
CEN/TS 14918 Solid Biofuels - Determination of Calorific Value

2. Sample Size
Analysis sample size <1mm.

3. Analysis Procedures
3.1 Oxygen Vessel Leakage Detection
Please refer to instruction manual or standards for operating procedures.

3.2 Analysis
3.2.1 Weigh sample: fold one piece of lens paper given calorific value ( refer to 3.3 for
calorific value determination) into two or three layers, and weigh it. Weigh (1.0±0,1)g
biofuel sample whose size is less than 1mm on the lens paper. The weighing accuracy
should be 0.0002g. Cover the sample with lens paper, and put it in the crucible.
3.2.2 Load sample: compact the sample in the crucible. Connect both ends of ignition
fuse given weight to two electrode columns. The ignition fuses should be placed about
1mm above the sample. Keep it away from the crucible.
3.2.3 Install oxygen vessel: add 5ml or 1ml distilled water to the oxygen vessel cup
( according to different standards). Add sample, and then tighten the vessel cover
carefully.
3.2.4 Charge oxygen: charge oxygen with pressure of 2.8-3.0 Mpa into oxygen vessel.
The charging time should be no less than 15 seconds.
3.2.5 Check air tightness of oxygen vessel (refer to 3.1).
3.2.6 Analysis: refer to instruction manual for analysis procedures. Attention:
remember to input the weight of lens paper.

3.3 Determination of Calorific Value of Lens Paper

3.3.1 Take 3-4 pieces of lens paper (about 1 g). The weighing accuracy should be
0.0002g. Compact and put them in crucible. Tie the ignition fuse, charge oxygen, and
then operate according to method of calorific value determination. Calculate the
average value of analysis results for three times as the calorific value of lens paper.

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Notes: input the calorific value of lens paper into the addictive calorific value bar
and save it. Store the lens paper in the container with drying agent.

3.4 Analysis Results

3.4.1 Precision
Reproducibility Critical
Standard Repeatability Limit Qgr，ad,J/g
Difference Qgr，d,J/g
GB/T30727 120 300
CEN/TS-14918 120 300

3.4.2 Accuracy: weigh benzoic acid to test calorific value for 5 times according to
determination range. Relative standard difference should be no greater than 0.20% and
the difference between average value and standard value should be no greater than 50
J/g.
Notes: it is recommended to weigh 0.5-0.9 g benzoic acid ( or weigh benzoic acid
according to calorific value range) to check the accuracy of the instrument because the
calorific value of heating quantity of bomb cylinder(including lens paper) should be
12000J/g-20000J/g. If the calorific value of benzoic acid exceeds the range of
uncertainty, it is recommended to weigh 5 pieces of 0.6 g benzoic acid to determine
calorific value, and use this value to analyze.

4 Calorific Value Determination

4.1 Weigh 5 pieces of benzoic acid to determine calorific value of instrument.
4.2 Select calorific value determination in instrument status bar. The operating
procedures are the same with sample analysis.
4.3 Calculate the RSD of calorific value which should be <0.20%. The average value of
5 calorific values is the calorific value of the instrument.

5 Anti-corrosion(halogen) Oxygen Vessel

Due to the halogen of high content in the biofuels, oxygen vessel it easily to be
corroded. It is recommended to use anti-halogen oxygen vessel manufactured by CKIC.

6. Clean Apparatus
Clean and dry oxygen vessel and crucibles after each analysis on biofuel sample to
avoid corrosion.

7. Determination Results

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Lens Paper Repeatability

Sample
Type Name Weight Qgr.ad(J/g) Difference(J/
Weight(g)
（g） g)
0.9058 0.1488 19026
Fir ball 32
0.9070 0.1467 19058
Wood
0.9019 0.1502 18458
Tree bark 58
0.9012 0.1500 18400
0.9083 0.1489 14283
Straw 15
0.9002 0.1468 14268
Herb
0.9003 0.1451 17163
Cornstalk 68
0.9034 0.1483 17095
0.9014 0.1457 16585
Peanut
29
shell 0.9031 0.1459 16614
Fruit
0.9047 0.1818 17359
Olive rind 8
0.9063 0.1799 17351
Bamboo 0.9014 0.1474 18462
Mixture and wood 5
0.9020 0.1514 18457
mixture
Notes: the calorific value of used lens paper is 16099J/g.

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Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd.
Add: No.1259 Liangtang East Road,Changsha Economic & Technological Development
Zone.Changsha.P.R China
Postcode: 410100
Website :http://www.ckic.net

Sales Contact
Tel: 86 -731-84012074
Fax: 86-731- 84066915
E-mail:[email protected]

Service Contact
Tel: 86 -731-84879027
Fax: 86-731- 84066915
E-mail:[email protected]