Scribd
Upload
5 views

05 Areas and Definite Integral

The document explains the concept of the definite integral as the area under a continuous function f(x) over a closed interval [a, b], where f(x) is non-negative. It provides examples of evaluating definite integrals using area formulas and illustrates the approximation of area under a curve using upper and lower rectangles. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice on the topic.

Uploaded by

mohamad.elali01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

05 Areas and Definite Integral

The document explains the concept of the definite integral as the area under a continuous function f(x) over a closed interval [a, b], where f(x) is non-negative. It provides examples of evaluating definite integrals using area formulas and illustrates the approximation of area under a curve using upper and lower rectangles. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice on the topic.

Uploaded by

mohamad.elali01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Areas and the Definite

Integral
The Definite Integral
Let f (x) be a function that is continuous in a closed interval [a, b].
For the moment, suppose that f (x) is never negative in the interval.

𝑏
• The definite integral ‫𝑥𝑑 )𝑥(𝑓 𝑎׬‬ is defined to be the area of the
region between the curve and the x-axis, from x = a to x = b.
• The function f (x) is called the integrand, and the values x = a and
x = b are called the lower and upper limits (or bounds) of the
integral.
Example Cambridge p.165
Evaluate using a graph and area formulae:
4 4
(a)‫׬‬1 (𝑥− 1) 𝑑𝑥 (b)‫׬‬2 (𝑥− 1) 𝑑𝑥
4 The area represented by the integral is
Hence ‫׬‬1 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = Area the shaded trapezium,
1 4
= × base × height Hence ‫׬‬2 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = Area
2
1 = ½ h(a + b)
= × 3×3
2 = ½ × 2 × (1 + 3)
=4½ =4
Example Cambridge p.165
Evaluate using a graph and area formulae:
2 5
(a) ‫׬‬−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 න 25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 −5
‫׬‬−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = Area 5
1 ‫׬‬−5 25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = Area
=2× ( × base × height) 1 2
2
1 = πr
2
=2× ( × 2 × 2) 25𝜋
2
=
= 4. 2
Exercise
Do exercise 4A, p. 168, q4 to q5, q9, q10
Using Upper and Lower Rectangles to Trap an Integral
Consider the curve f(x) = x, and we would We can approximate the area of the function
like to find the Area under the curve f(x), by summing the area of small rectangles.
between x = 0 & x = 2.
Rectangle Sums y=x

Rectangle Sums y=x

The area is denoted by

𝑏
‫𝑥𝑑 )𝑥(𝑓 𝑎׬‬ = Area under the function f(x)

We can approximate by upper rectangles: Where ‫ 𝑠𝑖 ׬‬the elongated S, representing sum


between the points a and b.
A = 1 by 1 Rectangle and 1 by 2 Rectangle
= 1 × 1 + 1 × 2 = 3 square units For the pictured triangle:
Lower rectangles: 2
A = ‫׬‬0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 square units.
A = 1 by 1 Rectangle = 1 × 1 = 1 square units
Exercise
Do exercise 4A, p. 168, q1 to q3, q6 to q8.

You might also like