[Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.

APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.

India]

A SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT ON

IOT Sensor for Smart Crop Management System

(KCA 451)
Session 2024-25

Submitted In Partial
Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of

Master of Computer Applications

By

STUDENT NAME: PRIYANSHU GANGWAR

(roll No.2312000140133)

Under the Supervision of

(Name of Supervisor)

Department of Master of Computer Applications

G.L. Bajaj College of Technology &Management
Greater Noida
[Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

PROJECT TITLE
IOT Sensor for Smart Crop management System

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of an IOT (Internet of Things) sensor-based smart crop management system
project is to develop a comprehensive system that uses IOT technology to monitor and
optimize crop growth. The main goal is to enhance agricultural productivity, reduce resource
wastage, and make farming more efficient and sustainable through the use of sensors and real-
time data. Here are the key objectives of such a project:

Real-Time Monitoring of Crop Conditions:

1. Use IOT sensors to continuously monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity,

pH levels, and other environmental factors that impact crop growth.
2. Collect real-time data to assess plant health and identify potential issues such as
water stress, disease, or nutrient deficiencies.

Efficient Resource Management:

1. Optimize the use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides based on data from sensors,
reducing wastage and minimizing costs.
2. Implement irrigation scheduling based on real-time soil moisture levels to
ensure crops receive the right amount of water at the right time.

Automation of Farming Tasks:

1. Automate irrigation and fertilization systems, triggered by sensor readings,

reducing the need for manual intervention and improving efficiency.
2. Enable autonomous systems to perform other tasks, such as pest control and
crop monitoring, reducing labor costs and enhancing crop yield.

Remote Monitoring and Alerts:

1. Provide farmers with remote access to the system via mobile apps or
dashboards, allowing them to monitor crop conditions from anywhere.
2. Set up alert mechanisms for issues such as irregular moisture levels, pest
infestations, or other factors that may require immediate attention.

Improving Sustainability and Reducing Environmental Impact:

1. By monitoring and controlling resource usage, the system can help reduce the
carbon footprint of farming practices.
2. Encourage sustainable farming practices by minimizing the use of chemical
inputs and enhancing soil health.
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

PROBLEM STATEMENT
The lack of real-time, accurate monitoring and data-driven decision-making tools in traditional
farming practices results in inefficiencies, resource wastage, and poor crop management. There
is a need for a smart crop management system that can:

1. Continuously monitor soil moisture, temperature, pH, humidity, and other

environmental factors in real time.
2. Provide farmers with actionable insights on irrigation needs, nutrient levels, and pest
management to optimize crop yield and reduce waste.
3. Enable automation in irrigation, fertilization, and pest control to minimize manual
intervention and improve overall efficiency.
4. Help farmers make timely decisions based on data-driven insights, reducing the risk of
crop failure and ensuring better resource management.

BACKGROUND
The integration of Internet of Things (IOT) technology into agriculture has brought
about significant advancements. IOT allows for the real-time collection, transmission, and
analysis of data from various sensors and devices deployed in the agricultural
environment. These sensors measure key parameters such as soil moisture, temperature,
humidity, light intensity, soil pH, and other environmental factors that directly affect crop
growth. By utilizing IOT sensors, farmers can receive up-to-date information on the
condition of their crops and fields, enabling them to make more informed decisions
regarding irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and harvesting.

Need for IOT in Smart Crop Management:

• Real-time data collection: IOT sensors provide continuous monitoring of soil, weather,
and crop conditions, allowing farmers to track changes and respond quickly to emerging issues.
• Automation of farming processes: IOT technology enables automated systems for
irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, which helps save time and labor while ensuring that
resources are used efficiently.
• Improved decision-making: With the data collected by IOT sensors, farmers can make
better-informed decisions, increasing crop yield, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental
impact.
• Remote monitoring and control: Farmers can monitor their fields remotely through
mobile applications or online dashboards, giving them more flexibility and reducing the need
for on-site inspections.
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

TOOLS and PLATFORM

Hardware requirements:

• Sensors: Soil Moisture, Temperature and Humidity, pH, Light, Nutrients, Rain Gauge, Gas
sensors, and Weather Sensors.
· Microcontrollers: Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Particle Photon.
· Communication Modules: Wi-Fi (ESP8266/ESP32), LoRa, Bluetooth, GSM/3G/4G.
· Actuators: Relays, water pumps, solenoid valves, servo motors, DC motors.
· Power Supply: Solar panels, rechargeable batteries, power management modules.
· Other Components: Breadboards, PCBs, enclosures, displays, GPS modules.

Software platforms:

Arduino IDE: An open-source integrated development environment (IDE) for

programming Arduino boards. It's user-friendly, widely used, and supports a variety of
sensors and communication modules.

Platform IO: An alternative to Arduino IDE, it is a cross-platform IDE that supports a

wider range of micro-controller (like ESP32, STM32, and ARM-based boards).

Micro-python: A lean and efficient version of Python designed for micro controllers.
It's great for users who prefer Python over C/C++.

Thonny: A Python IDE specifically designed for beginners, which can be used for
programming Micro-Python on compatible micro-controller like the Raspberry Pi Pico .

ER Diagram
• Farmer → Farm: A farmer can own multiple farms, and each farm can have its own
specific crop types, irrigation, and sensor setup.
• Farm → Sensor: A farm contains multiple IoT sensors, which monitor various
environmental conditions (e.g., soil moisture, temperature).
• Sensor → Data: Each sensor collects data over time (like moisture, temperature, etc.).
• Actuator → Sensor: Actuators (like irrigation systems or fertilizer dispensers) are
controlled based on sensor data (e.g., when the soil moisture is below a threshold, the irrigation
actuator turns on).
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

• Farm → Crop: A farm contains multiple crops, and each crop is monitored by IoT sensors
for its growth stage and conditions.
• Weather → Crop: Weather data (e.g., rainfall, temperature) impacts the crop management
system, influencing irrigation and farming practices.
• Alert → Farmer: Alerts are generated based on sensor data (e.g., low moisture) and are
sent to the farmer’s system or mobile app.
• Cloud Database → All Entities: The cloud database stores all data from sensors, weather,
alerts, and other farm management parameters for historical analysis and decision-making.
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

0-level DFD

1-level DFD

CONCLUSION

The IOT based Smart Crop Management System offers a trans-formative approach to
modern agriculture, leveraging advanced technologies such as IOT sensors, cloud computing,
data analytic, and automation to enhance crop management. By integrating a variety of
sensors—such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH, and light sensors—this system
provides farmers with real-time, actionable data that allows for better decision-making,
improved resource efficiency, and optimized crop yields.

With the use of IOT sensors, farmers can:

• Monitor critical crop parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, pH levels, and
light intensity, ensuring that crops receive the right conditions for growth.
• Automate key processes, such as irrigation and fertilization, based on real-time data,
which helps conserve water, reduce costs, and ensure efficient resource use.
• Predict crop growth patterns using data analytic and historical trends, enabling better
planning and management of crop cycles.
• Increase yield and reduce waste by preventing overuse of fertilizers and pesticides
through precise, data-driven decisions.
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]
FUTURE SCOPE
Farmer Data Networks: IOT based smart farming systems could evolve into
collaborative platforms where farmers share data and insights. A connected ecosystem of
farmers can share knowledge about best practices, weather patterns, pest outbreaks, and
other valuable information that can help optimize farming efforts on a broader scale.

• Affordable IOT Sensors: One of the key challenges in agriculture is the affordability and
accessibility of IOT technologies. The future of smart crop management includes the
development of low-cost, low-power IOT sensors that can be deployed in remote or
underdeveloped regions, helping farmers in rural areas access the same smart farming benefits.
• Predictive Analytic: As IOT systems generate vast amounts of data, integrating AI and
ML algorithms can enable predictive analytic. This will allow farmers to forecast weather
patterns, pest outbreaks, diseases, and crop yields with greater accuracy, providing timely
interventions.
• Disease and Pest Detection: AI-powered image recognition, combined with IOT sensors,
can help detect diseases and pest infestations earlier than traditional methods. Smart cameras
and sensors can monitor crops for early signs of diseases or pests, alerting farmers to take
preventive measures.

• Precision Agriculture: AI can enhance decision-making by automating the management of

resources like water, fertilizers, and pesticides, thereby optimizing crop health and reducing
costs.

REFERENCES:
S muthunpandian, S. Vigneshwaran, R. C Ranjitsabarinath and Y. Manoj kumar reddy, IOT
Based Crop-Field Monitoring And Irrigation Automation, vol. 4, no. 19, April 2017.

2.Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay and Miguel Angel
Porta-Gándara, "Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
Module", IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation And Measurement, vol. 17, 2017.

3.I Mohanraj, Ashokumarb Kirthika and J Naren, Field Monitoring and Automation using IOT
in Agriculture Domain, vol. IJCSNS, no. 6, June 2015.

4.Michael G Williams, A Risk Assessment on Raspberry PI using NIST Standards, December

2012.

5.Andrew N. Harrington, K. Lakshmisudha, Swati Hedge, Neha Kale and Shruti Iyer, "Smart
Precision Based Agriculture Using Sensors", International Journal of Computer Anlications
(0975-8887), vol. 146, no. 11, July 2011.

6.Nikesh Gondchawar and R.S. Kaitkar, "IOT Based Smart Agriculture", IJARCCE, vol. 5, no.
6, June 2016.

7.M.K. Gayatri, J. Jayasakti and G.S. Anandamala, "Providing Smart Agriculture Solutions to
Farmers for Better Yielding Using IOT", IEEE International Conference on Technological
Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015).
 [Approved by AICTE, GOVT. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.
India]

8.M Chetan Dwarkani, R Ganesh Ram, S Jagannathan and R. Priyatharshini, "Smart Farming
System Using Sensors for Agricultural Task Automation", IEEE InternationalConference on
Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015).