_— development was defined in 1987 in the Brundtland report as :

"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future @©
e generations to meet their own needs".

e "development that meets the needs of the present time and that focuses its actions on the O
environment and ecology". -
e a

* "development that meets the needs of the present time and the future by developing new O
e resources and renewable energies"

Transition

¥ aims to establish a resilient and sustainable model of society that rethinks, in a systemic
approach, our ways of consuming, producing, working and living together.

is a militant movement that is opposed to fossil fuels and nuclear energy. oO

aims to stop the destruction of the environment caused by our economic activities in order to
preserve dignified and peaceful living conditions.

goes against the ideology of an infinite economic growth in a world with limited natural
resources.

nia y, Wy \

ccording to Dennis Meadows, what are the two levers on which we should have acted
since the 1970s to maintain our ecological footprint at a sustainable level?

D to generalize schooling and the respect of fundamental rights Oo

p % to promote the digitization of relations and the professionalization of ecological Oo

commitment
D
to contain the evolution of demography and the consumption of resources ©
D

In what way does GDP appear today to be an insufficient indicator for developing and
steering public policies?

GDP does not include the standard of living of populations, which can be evaluated by
indicators such as full health, reduction of inequalities or schooling

% This is not true, it remains a sufficient indicator since it measures the creation of economic O
value within a state which has a direct impact on the evolution of human well-being

GDP increases due to the destruction of the environment caused by human activity

ou is the major advance brought by the SDGs?

The objectives have allowed all the States to considerably reduce their greenhouse gas Oo
emissions

The objectives allow each state to meet every year to report on the initiatives implemented in O
the metropolises.

¥ The objectives are integrated and indivisible so they provide a systemic vision of the ©
issues

cums’? 1/1 ©
 he Doughnut theory of economics, which defines a safe and fair space for humanity, has
0 boundaries. What are these boundaries?

Economic boundaries: the monetary value below which the dollar cannot fall O

¥ Social boundaries: the essential elements, recognized at the international level, for a
dignified life made of opportunities

Planetary boundaries : 9 biochemical processes that allow the proper functioning of the Earth
System

Political boundaries: the criteria for a healthy democracy, represented by the participation in [_]
elections and the independence of the media

he 17 Sustainable Development Goals present several innovations compared to their

predecessors, the Millennium Development Goals. What are these innovations?

Itis a multilateral agreement

The Goals were suggested by countries of the South

They state for the first time that all countries are developing countries

Civil society actors were involved in their elaboration

¥v They target different types of actors (International Organizations, States, Local Authorities,
Companies, NGOs, Civil Society, Citizens)

They aim to implement the Paris Agreement oO

ccording to Dennis Meadows, " We cannot have physical growth without damaging the
eae ". What are then the solutions to preserve natural resources and the capacity of
uman beings to live in dignity?

A shift to a degrowth society by implementing punitive legislation. (|

¥ Ashift to more qualitative development based on health, education, equality and the
environment

Resilience on a local scale to strengthen the global system.

0 OGD
i contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals the following actors have a role to
play:

States and national governments

©)/0|;0/0/0/0

Local and regional governments

* Institutions and NGOs

Companies

Civil Society

All of the above

 he 17 SDGs can be achieved without the participation of local and regional governments.

omB
beh role of the French State in contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals, as
d efined in France's roadmap for the 2030 Agenda, is to

Plan the specific actions of each actor CL

¥ Develop the legal apparatus to encourage the transition of all actors

Define major orientations and give actors the means to act at their level

are the main advantages of the territorialization of the SDGs?

Better coherence and adaptation of action plans and public policies to local conditions

¥ Better resilience of territories to respond to future crises (health, economic, ecological,

social, climatic, etc.)

Greater attractiveness of local regions and territories

Less transversality of public policies O

fter the Holocene, many scientists agree that we have entered the "Anthropocene". What
is the definition of the Anthropocene?

It is a geological and historical era in which the human being has become a geological force ©
capable of modifying the balance of the Earth system

* This name refers to the 21st century Oo

It is a cultural evolution which consists in putting the human being in the center of artistic Oo
productions

eee les blancs.

a positive impact on society and to respect the environment while being economically viable.

0/1 <>)

te can CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, be subject to criticism?

Because it does not allow a real questioning of the economic system that led us to the current
crises

% Because companies do not have a role to play in the ecological and social transition CL

Because it is sometimes used by companies to lead greenwashing campaigns to improve theif¥]

image.
fire conve to Héléne Le Téno, solidarity-based economy is a more ambitious solution than
he conventional economic model to cope with the challenges of transition. What are the
main features of a solidarity-based company?

* The company first seeks the cooperation and solidarity of citizens by using an economic Oo
model based on donations.

The company first seeks to have strong social and environmental impacts before seeking its ©
economic viability

Free warming is a global phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general

increase in average temperatures which permanently modifies ecosystems.
hat is causing it ?

Meteorological causes: it is the sunniest days that create the global warming oO

Anthropic causes : linked to human activities ©

* Natural causes: the warming is composed in the form of natural cycles which return each O
year to the same period

orldwide, the Energy sector is the most important emitter of Greenhouse Gases. In
France, it is another sector. Which one is it?

Transportation ©

Agriculture Oo

* Houselholds, commerce, institutions O

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that holds the heat emitted by the Earth's
surface and thus maintains a stable and viable temperature for all ecosystems and species

O Vrai | © Faux

— gas emission caused by human activity in large amounts has...

a positive impact on the climate as it contributes to the Greenhouse Effect phenomenon O

which is not able to maintain itself

¥ anegative impact on the climate as it intensifies the Greenhouse Effect phenomenon ©

which results in an unprecedented increase of the average temperature at the Earth's
surface

comms) 1/1 06 Giz»

4 What is the IPCC?

- Itis a group of experts working exclusively on global social justice issues. O

It is a group of French scientists, paid by the State, who work on biodiversity and climate Oo
issues.

¥ lItis a group of independent experts who produce, on a regular basis, detailed ©

assessments of the state of scientific, technical and socio-economic knowledge on climate
change, its causes, potential impacts and coping strategies.

comms) 1/1 ©
wi
l” mustn't the notions of weather and climate be confused?

They can be confused as these two terms have the same definition. O

~ - Weather is a state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, and can vary from one ©
hour to the next and from one day to the next. Climate refers to the statistics of weather
conditions calculated over a decade or more.

Climate is a scientific fact that was established thousands of years ago and cannot be O
changed.

cums 1/1 6

he main consequences of Climate Change are ...

a change in climatic conditions on the surface of the Earth leading to an increase in extreme ©
! weather events (heat waves, droughts, cyclones, floods...)

' % the variation of perceived temperatures between each season O

0/1 Ce

_— the concept with its definition :

actions aiming to reduce the

impact of our activities on actions that aim to change our
global warming, especially by —_ practices in order to be better
reducing our greenhouse gaS_ prepared for the known and unknown
emissions consequences of climate change

climate change mitigation/climate change adaptation

 roman change does have consequences on the environment but does not threaten the
human race.

JMie oeoonvi 1 Triv x 7 “vy

. of the most global consequences of global warming is the displacement of populations

due to extrem climatic phenomena. Why will those displacement be more and more
requent and numerous in the years to come?
’
Because extreme climatic events will be more and more violent and frequent, which will make
> part of the world uninhabitable

» © Because the losses of agricultural production will be greater and greater, because of the
disruption of the water cycle

¥ Because the sea levels will rise little by little

en of the following are consequences of climate change on the human race ?

¥ the increase of hunger in the world

v the increase in the number of people living in extreme poverty

¥ the multiplication of diseases, especially those transmitted by animals

v the destruction of housings

the displacement of populations due to volcanic eruptions LC

All of the above L]

1

a latest IPCC report shows that the cost of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation is
| ower than the cost of inaction, and yet there are still just a few financial investments that
support it. Why is that ?
,
x - The difficulty lies in the fact that Mitigation and Adaptation solutions are scarce and Oo
, expensive

) The difficulty lies in the fact that investments which aim to develop Mitigation and Adaptation ©
solutions have less short-term economic impact

The difficulty lies in the lack of capital to invest oO

oonosis have led to an awareness that challenges the anthropocentric logic with which we
deal with health issues. What changes has this awareness brought ?

* The need to think about health issues at the geographical level Oo

The need to think about health issues at the level of the relationship between animals, O
humans and the environment

The proof of the interdependence of the SDGs and in particular the link between climate and O
health

All of the Above ©

 Climate change will become the biggest risk factor for the emergence of diseases in the
coming years. What is the main reason that could explain this phenomenon ?

Climate change will cause mammals to migrate to new habitable areas. As these mammals
migrate, and carry diseases and cross paths with other animals that can themselves give these
diseases to humans.

* As pollution increases, new aerial viruses will develop and threaten human life and isl
biodiversity.

Climate change will decrease the quality of water and fewer humans and animals will be able tly]
access quality water, which will lead to many diseases developing. - As pollution increases, new
aerial viruses will develop and threaten human life and biodiversity.
| ere
will climate change have an impact on malnutrition and undernutrition?

Because we will face an increase in the number of natural disasters affecting access to fresh
water,which is necessary for agriculture

’ Because the increase of temperatures has an influence on land yield and thus threatens the
food security of populations

¥ Because the lack of drinkable water has a detrimental impact on nutrition

If the current rate of growth and consumption stays the same, children born in the 2020s
will face a world that is 4 to 7 degrees warmer by the time they are 70. What consequences
will they encounter throughout their lives?

reduced poverty levels (|

% ice ages |

increased risk of heart attack and stroke

risk of malnutrition

intense exposure to extreme phenomenons

he IPCC, in its latest report, has highlighted the need to reach a peak in GHG emissions
by 2025. If this peak is not reached

¥ it will still be necessary to continue our mitigation efforts because every tenth of a degree
counts to preserve viable ecosystems

global warming will exceed 2°C

all life on Earth will be extinguished immediately O

Bestce to the IPCC, energy sobriety is one of the many possible options to face and
dapt to climate change

he loss of biodiversity is only caused by climate change.

 Biodiversity and climate are closely linked but are too often approached in a disjointed
manner. Why is it necessary to highlight the links between these two issues?

Preservation of natural ecosystems is the most effective way to mitigate Climate Change

¥ Excess carbon in the atmosphere is detrimental to the marine's health and terrestrial
ecosystems

Healthy natural environments help capture carbon from the atmosphere and mitigate Climate
Change

Carbon offsetting by planting trees is the best way to fight against climate change O

The evolution of climate in different geographical areas disrupts the ecosystems (flora and
fauna)

| ate Sy EZ,

ee les blancs.

he issue of running out of natural resources is directly linked to our consumption patterns based on a
ar) economy.

0/1 ©

Pew increase in the world's population has currently resulted in an increase in the need for
r aw materials and therefore the pressure on the limited resources of our planet.

Vous avez obtenu 1 points sur un total de 1

cums)? 1/1 @ OQ

ir and Drop sans nom

a calculation of a safe and fair development

planets required based on nine biophysical (or a particular country)

for a given processes that together has consumed all that

lifestyle x regulate the stability of the nature is able to
planet regenerate in one year.
% v

planetary boundaries/ecological footprint/earth overshootday

Which of the following statements is false?

* In 2022, we have consumed all that the earth is able to regenerate in one year by July 28, O
2022

In 2022, we have crossed two new planetary boundaries, the one linked to chemical pollution O
and the one linked to the fresh water cycle

In 2022, we have crossed only one new planetary boundarie, the one linked to Climate ©
Change
 Natural habitat pollution today (water, air and soil) is essentially linked to two sources of
human origin. What are these sources ?

¥ Fine particle pollution, especially from the transportation sector

olfactory pollution linked to the multiplication of methanization factories oO

¥ chemical pollution from industrial discharges, pesticides and consumer products

visual pollution linked to the installation of windmills and solar panels in the countryside (I

Environmental pollution has an impact not only on human health but also on :

buildings

¥v the fauna

v the flora

—_— >_>

One in six deaths can be attributed to pollution, making it the first environmental risk factor
‘or disease and premature death. Which populations are most affected?

Populations of high-income countries oO

¥ Populations of low- and middle-income countries ©

Most of the plastic is recycled and re-injected into the production chain in a circular
conomy.

) False, only 14% of plastics are recycled while 32% end up in rivers and oceans ©

) True, all plastics are recycled and recyclable Oo

0 cope with the phenomena of depletion of natural resources and pollution of the
environment, sustainable consumption requires :

¥ to meet vital needs

¥ to improve the quality of life

¥ To reduce the use of natural resources and toxic products

¥ To take into account the needs of future generations

Be notion of sobriety is now presented by several institutional actors as an important lever
or action to achieve carbon neutrality and reduce our impact on ecosystems. Which of the
ollowing statements about sobriety are true?

Sobriety is only a matter of individual behavior O

Sobriety is compatible with the reindustrialization of France Oo

Sobriety must be accompanied by social justice in order not to furthermore penalize the pooreg®)
households

* Sobriety will inevitably lead to a significant loss of life comfort Oo

New economic models are emerging to reduce the impact of human activity on
ecosystems. Three models are discussed in this session, what are they?

¥ "Borrowing before buying” Economy (selling the use of the product rather than its
possession)

¥ Collaborative economy

¥ Circular Economy

Capitalist economy LJ

What are the advantages of Collaborative Economy?

¥ \t creates an economy focused on people rather than profit

It reduces intermediaries

It reduces the use of raw materials necessary for the production of consumer products

| creates collaborative projects to meet the challenges of transition |

It allows us to collaborate with local residents to create local initiatives LC]

It reduces the use of energy needed to produce and transport consumer products

Ee les blancs.

he carbon footprint of the digital sector is equivalent to that of the aviation sector. Itis the #ernd x
| phase that is the most harmful for the environment, which invites us to extend the life
span of our equipment as much as possible.

0/1 ©

IT for Green is about using digital tools to reduce the environmental and societal impact of
eihuman activities. Which statements about IT for Green are correct?

® IT for Green avoids the consumption of resources

@ % IT for Green maximizes the economic profitability of digital tools El

® IT for Green can have a positive environmental ROI if the principles of Green IT are respected
|¥]

IT for Green allows the development of new activities necessary for the transition, such as
renewable energy for example

IT for Green helps optimize the use of resources

 Green IT consists in integrating social responsibility from the creation of a digital tool. It
implies taking into account :

the usefulness of the product and its functionalities

¥ the social and societal impact of the product

the creation of economic value linked to the product LC

the environmental impact of the product

0/1 ©@©o

Smart cities are an example of IT for Green which aims to integrate new digital
echnologies to improve cities' daily life and anchor it in sustainable development.

, | © vei | @ Faux

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0 OGD
green check is the correct answer

Vhy can't the current food system be considered as sustainable?

% It consumes natural resources and degrades natural environments

©) (0) |O) |
It fails to eliminate food insecurity

It has a negative impact on consumers’ health

All of the above

fers current food system cannot eliminate food insecurity because it does not produce
le nough food for everyone

O Vrai © Faux 2]

it is the waste of 1/3 of the global food production and the inequitable distribution of the
produced foodstuffs that causes food insecurity

hat are the main problems of French agriculture, as outlined by Professor Marc
Dufumier?

It does not benefit from the European aid of the CAP oO

% It uses too many short food circuits, which cuts it off from the world market Oo

It has a surplus of certain products, especially animal products, and a deficit of plant-based ©
proteins
 "" are the individual actions that go along with the food transition?

Choosing plant-based proteins over animal proteins

Choosing short food circuits (few intermediaries)

% Choosing large surface supermarkets (a)

Choosing organic and/or sustainable agriculture

Choosing local and seasonal products

All of the above O

0 0G=>
ee can't the current food system be considered as sustainable?

%* It consumes natural resources and degrades natural environments

|oO
© |}9)|0
It fails to eliminate food insecurity

It has a negative impact on consumers’ health

All of the above

0/1 ©

fro current food system cannot eliminate food insecurity because it does not produce
e nough food for everyone

O Vrai © Faux [2]

it is the waste of 1/3 of the global food production and the inequitable distribution of the
produced foodstuffs that causes food insecurity

qu 1/1 ood

hat are the main problems of French agriculture, as outlined by Professor Marc
Dufumier?

It does not benefit from the European aid of the CAP O

% It uses too many short food circuits, which cuts it off from the world market O

It has a surplus of certain products, especially animal products, and a deficit of plant-based ©
proteins

0/1 @@
 are the individual actions that go along with the food transition?

Choosing plant-based proteins over animal proteins

Choosing short food circuits (few intermediaries)

* Choosing large surface supermarkets Cl

Choosing organic and/or sustainable agriculture

Choosing local and seasonal products

All of the above O

0 OGD
=~ = ae

Peorcatire, agriculture is an alternative mode of production to intensive and conventional

agriculture, which aims to respond to the current limits of the system by proposing an
alternative operation based on different guiding principles. What are they?

* It must be certified by a specific label O

It is identical to organic agriculture CL

It has a strong social vision

It takes into account the pillars of sustainable development: economically viable, socially
equitable and environmentally sound

It aims to place agricultural production at the heart of society's main issues

Sustainable agriculture takes a holistic view of its impacts, illustrated by the concept of the
riple Bottom Line. What are the impacts considered by the Tripple Bottom Line?

Economic, ecological and democratic impacts ©

Economic, ecological and social impacts Oo

Democratic, ecological and social impacts Oo

* Economic, democratic and social impacts O

0/1 ©6
1 a

he food transition aims to move away from the current food system. What are the key
Pectons in order to achieve a more sustainable agriculture?

Structuring sustainable value chains, mobilization of circular economy approaches and ©

appropriation of new technologies

* Structuring sustainable value chains, industrialization of farms and globalization of trade O

Structuring sustainable value chains, industrialization of farms and appropriation of new O

technologies

0/1 @©
@e@o
 New economic models are emerging to transform the agri-food sector, such as fair trade.
zaWVhat is fair trade based on?

Dd A national or international exchange system based on fairer remuneration ©

> An exchange system based on work ethics Oo

p % Anexchange system that promotes fair wages between women and men oO

. 0 OGD
eo les blancs.

he human health's protection requires the protection of the animal and interactions with the
® environment, this concept is translated by the notionof SYS x |

; 0/1 ©

re 2010, the number of deaths related to a poor diet (malnutrition or undernutrition) :

has decreased Oo

v has been increasing ©

remained stable O

cums) 1/1 68

ee les blancs.

he current food system also has indirect effects on our health according to INSERM. In its last report

chronic diseases, among professionals and people living near farms.

0/1 @@

E the logic of the One Health concept, Zoonoses are diseases that are transmitted from
animals to humans. As they have been increasing in recent years, what could protect us
rom the multiplication of these infections?

Promote a rich animal biodiversity with diversified genetic heritages

Limit the interactions between humans and species at risk induced by deforestation and soil
stabilization

* To confine all species in breeding farms oO

Act against global warming

Eradicate wild species oO

0 0Gz=D>
 f terms of health, the interdependence between countries is very strong because health
problems go far beyond borders

>» | © Vrai [2] © Faux

Vous avez obtenu 1 points sur un total de 1

ummm)? 1/1 ©
maar

In order to respond to current and future health crises, we need to put in place a Global
Health Governance. This governance should involve the following actors:

NGOs, States, foundations, private and public health actors

0.0
% Governments only

Public hospitals and universities

01 0
International scientific experts and companies

0/1 608
| ~

Several fundamental principles established on a national level must now be applied at the
fricmatona level to guide "global health" decisions. What are these ethical principles?

Humanity

Autonomy o|'0/0)/0/0/90/0/0

Justice

Equality

Non-maleficence

Transparency

Democracy

¥ All of the Above

What has the international management of the AIDS epidemic proven?

That innovation and technology can completely eradicate a deadly disease O

¥ That a global and organized management allows important progress to be made, ©

particularly in terms of access to care
re" does the video "How much energy does it take to toast a slice of bread" focus on?

On the low level of endurance of Olympic champions oO

On the composition of a balanced breakfast Oo

¥ On the gap that exists in our minds between our daily behaviors and the quantity of energy ©
required to support them

cums 1/1 ©)

Electricity is only a small part of the environmental and power issue.

© Vrai | © Faux |

if we manage to produce low-carbon electricity we will have succeeded in preserving viable

natural ecosystems. This is why nuclear power is the most credible solution for sustainable
development in the medium and long term.

ir France, what are the two largest sources of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions?

Electricity oO

¥ Buildings

¥ Transportation

Digital technology oO

Culture oO

_ as) 1/1 © ©
I continue to meet our energy needs while decarbonizing this industry we must first turn to
more :

Renewable energies: to replace 100% of the energy currently produced in the world O

¥ Sobriety: with efforts to be made distributed equitably among the population and the ©
various actors involved.

Green" finance: to invest in local energy production solutions Oo

ummm) 1/1 6 Gi.»

(" use of private cars remains the main mean of transportation in rural areas because

v the infrastructure does not allow safe walking or cycling

¥ public transport alternatives are poorly developed

the poorest households are in rural areas and use cars the most CL

quis) 1/1 ©
 In France, in 2019, what share of the population uses the car the most for daily
ransportation ?

¥ the richest 10% of the population ©

the poorest 10% of the population O

ummm 1/1 Oe

ee les blancs.

Public policies related to transportation must incorporate prhvete * is al; equity issues because
transportation issues are intimately linked to household income.

0/1 @®

hat are the obstacles that exist today to make hydrogen the energy of the future for
‘atransportation?

O # hydrogen is still largely produced from fossil fuels

® hydrogen is not competitive on the shortest routes, because there is a loss of efficiency of abot]
65% of the energy used to produce and use it

it it still today frowned upon to be driving without emitting any greenhouse gases and fine O
® particles

e © itwill take at least 10 years to set up the necessary infrastructures for a wide deployment
of the hydrogen engine

ccess to drinking water is fundamental for many human activities, especially agriculture.
hat are the consequences of a lack of access to safe drinking water for populations?

undernutrition

% brain malformations im

risk of obesity O

¥ diarrheal diseases
we

—_ to drinking water is a fundamental right and yet today in France, access to water:

is present in every household O

¥ is not accessible to everyone and several million people do not have water of sufficient ©
quality for consumption

is available freely to every French citizen O

MB aa aa a

he increase in the number of natural disasters such as storms, cyclones or floods, but also
heat waves and droughts linked to climate disruption is already having the effect of
degrading water quality and therefore reducing access to clean water.
 re the techniques suggested by the UN to desalinate sea water and to trigger rainfall
using silver iodine clouds conceavable solutions to the water shortage?

¥ No, the limits in terms of energy costs and environmental impacts are too high and the best ©
solution remains sobriety in the use of this rare resource

Yes, this is what the UN foresees and these are effective technical solutions ©

=energy transition only covers environmental aspects related to the impact of energy
roduction on the environment and the climate.

=les blancs.

Cities play a as role in the energy transition. The use of new technologies for the development of
ies| can allows real energy savings

" rural areas, it is more interesting to develop :

¥ solutions to electrify isolated areas based on local resources, skills and needs ©

solutions allowing each locality to be connected to the national energy supply network O

if insecurity

dility
Situation of a household that the situation of a household
spends more than 4.5% of its. Whose income and housing
income on fuel for travel that Conditions do not allow it to
is considered necessary. meet its heating and hot
water needs

energy insecurity/energy vulnerability

ccess to healthcare in the world is very unequal. What are the consequences of these
differences in the poorest countries?

¥ The infant mortality rate is higher

Diseases do not affect them as much because their immune system is naturally more |
resistant

People treat themselves effectively with natural products |

Epidemics are more frequent

Life expectancy is lower

[i France, there are also inequalities in terms of access to care, particularly in terms of
distribution of care over the country. The process that sees the weaking opf the medical
presence throughout certain geographical areas is called :

medical desertification ©

remoting health areas O

% lowering of medical density Oo

> A>»

er les blancs.

he populations that are most withdrawn from school or not learning are the most KAKA *

are the consequences of not having access to quality education?

it decreases the ability to earn a decent income and get an employement

% it increases quality of life due to more leisure time im

it decreases the opportunity for people to make decisions for themselves

it decreases healthy life expectancy

it increases retirement benefits due to a longer contribution period O

since the beginning of the COVID 19 pandemic, forced child labor has increased for the
irst time in 20 years.

© Vrai 3) © Faux

France is not exemplary on the issue of equal opportunities since social mobility is still
extremely low. What does the concept of "social mobility" refer to?

D The mobility of social companies' employees between different territories

© |0/0/0

D The ability of the poorest to travel to find work

p * Access to public services and social assistance

The change in social status of individuals or social groups

Orientation and academic success as well as professional insertion are influenced by

cognitive bias. What is their nature?

¥ Economic Bias

Ethnic bias

Cultural Bias

% Judgment bias im

Behavioral Bias oO

Social Bias
[<]
 Complétez les blancs.

‘According to Bourdieux and Passeron, inequalities at school are due to the prior acquisition of school
content and forms by children from privileged backgrounds. This privilege in their relationship to school

required and valued by the school system.

0 0G=D
“ is integration through economic activity?

A program exclusively deployed in penitentiary centers that aims at the social reintegration of O
! prisoners through vocational training and a work contract

' -# Asystem that allows unemployed people with particular social and professional difficulties ©
to benefit from work contracts in order to facilitate their professional integration

Asystem that is exclusively designed to enable young minors to resume training through an ©O
apprenticeship contract and thus aim at their professional integration

=a -

hata Guilly, former General Manager of the ARES Group, talks about a type of company
hat allows people who have been excluded from employment to benefit from support for
heir reintegration. How does he call these companies?

Social companies

* Boost companies | |9O |O

O}1®
Springboard companies

Lever companies

hat does integration through economic activity allow beneficiaries to do, in addition to
being directed towards a sustainable job?

¥ It also allows employees to benefit from specific and individualized support to resolve their ©
more personal difficulties (housing, mobility, health problems, etc.).

It allows employees to have more paid vacations and to obtain extra professional benefits. O

The IEA sets up day-care centers allowing employees to have their children looked after, O
close to where they work.

In response to the Covid 19 pandemic, short-term social protection measures were put in
place by governments around the world. What is the situation today?

These initiatives have covered all citizens of the countries that have participated in these O
measures.

¥ Despite these initiatives, several million people still lack access to social protection ©
 ne of the following statements are true about the situation of women in the world today?

¥ Timor-Leste, in Southeast Asia, is one of a handful of developing countries where women

are estimated to earn the same as men.

Women globally earn around 37% less than men in similar roles

Ethiopia decreased paid maternity leave from 120 to 90 days. oO

Women are in the minority in medical, dental and pharmaceutical studies. O

Bran to the legal obligations that companies have in terms of professional equality, and
iin particular the rule of "equal pay for work of equal value", there is no longer a pay gap
between women and men at equivalent levels of responsibility.
»

= bo
i" of the following statements is true?

More women than men obtain higher education degrees

|e
o|o|o|o
* More women than men hold management positions in companies

More women than men are enrolled in engineering courses

More women than men are in full-time employment

More women than men are elected mayor of a city

Income inequality has a lasting impact on women's economic status. Which of these
consequences are true?

¥ 36% of single mothers live below the poverty line compared to 15% of the general
population

more men than women are taken care of by institutions for the elderly
O

the life expectancy of women is lower than that of men

O

the pensions of retired women are 24% lower than those of retired men
Ka

ee are not concerned by social, societal and environmental transition issues

concerns:

Its own activities O

¥ Its entire value chain ©

Its shareholders Oo
 " does CSR involve for a company?

* Donating to charities while continuing business as usual O

Taking concrete actions that address the specific social, economic and environmental issues of
its industry

Maximizing shareholder value for its investors O

free benefits can companies obtain if they commit themselves, apart from contributing to a
m ore sustainable model?

Discounts on their energy bill O

¥ An attractiveness to employment

Economic performance

Astate subsidy of 20 000€ LF

Employees’ loyalty and performance

A good reputation

A global commons is a good shared by all members of a community,

it is accessible to all states but they do not necessarily have an
interest in producing it.

Which of the following are global commons?

v Air quality

¥ The stability of the international financial system

¥ World peace

It is estimated that tax optimisation practices

cause governments to lose about $20 billion
in revenue per year.

© Vrai [= O Faux

Wrong, the amounts lost are estimated to be

between $100 and $240 billion per year,
equivalent to 4% - 10% of global corporate tax
por les blancs.

‘According to Cécile Renouard, a new approach to CSR is for a company to control its vekte-eRain *

core business, in a sustainable and positive way to its territories and to the "common good".

ns distinguishes a CSR approach from an impact company?

CSR approach
the main goal of the company
limiting the negative externalities js to improve society
company's activity
v

csr approach/impact company

Since 2019, anew company status has been created in France. It is the Mission Company,
hat are its characteristics?

The respect of its purpose is subject to the control of an independent Mission Committee
created by the company

¥ \ts purpose must have the same level of priority as the financial objective

Its purpose must have a social and/or environmental mission

A purpose written into its statutes

Its purpose is a slogan that aimes to increase its brand awareness [I

Percoeds th the request for recruitment for "positive impact" missions in companies far
exceeds the supply of candidates

fps world of finance is an essential link in the ecological transition, but it must evolve to
make a positive contribution

States and international organizations have a normative and regulatory role to play in
eenging the global financial system. How can governments encourage private actors to
invest in environmentally positiv projects?

* By allowing companies the freedom to define by themselves the investments that seem the [_]
most advantageous to them

By creating, or supporting the creation of labels

By investing, themselves, an important part of their budget in this type of projects

By clearly defining the term " Positive for the environment "

By creating financial incentives such as tax benefits

[x]
 Banks are essential in the transition because they shape society through the investment
and financing choices they make. Today, which investments do they support in majority?

Solidarity projects Oo

% Renewable energies Oo

Fossil fuels ©

Pranic can indirectly contribute to financing global warming through the choices made by
banks to invest their savings.

ee finance includes all financial activities that have a positive impact on :

% social rights and the environment O

the real economy, society and the environment ©

the real economy, return on shareholder value, equal rights oO

In February 2022, the European Commission adopted the Taxonomy Regulation. The term
"EU Taxonomy" is used to describe :

* Customs regulations applied at the Union's borders to tax imported food products. Its O
objective is to favor, through tax incentives, the European industry.

A classification of economic activities with a substantial impact on climate change mitigation ar@
adaptation. Its objective is to direct investments towards green activities.

The regulation of taxidermy activities in the European Union. Its objective is to guarantee O
animal welfare.

ccording to the European Commission, an activity is classified as "sustainable" if it

corresponds to at least one of the six objectives. What are these objectives?

D transition to a circular economy

. access to education and health for all O

> development of populations im

> protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems

sustainable use and protection of aquatic and marine resources

¥ adaptation to climate change

|
o
pollution control
it are the three founding principles of crowdfunding ?