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12-24-04-2025

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10 views3 pages

12-24-04-2025

Uploaded by

Rajat Majumder
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Class 12 Chemistry – Chapter: Solutions HW-24/04/2025

1. 1. Calculate the mole fraction of NaOH in an aqueous solution containing 40 g NaOH


in 360 g of water.
2. 2. Express 0.02 g of NaCl dissolved in 100 g of water in ppm.
3. 3. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 10 g of H₂SO₄ in 500 mL
of solution?
4. 4. Define Henry’s Law constant.
5. 5. If K_H for O₂ in water is 1.3 × 10⁵ atm at 298 K, calculate the solubility of O₂ in
water when the partial pressure is 0.25 atm.
6. 6. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 20 g of KNO₃ in 500 g of water.
7. 7. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of urea in 100 g of water. Calculate mole
fraction of urea.
8. 8. A solution contains 36 g of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in 360 g of water. Calculate
molality.
9. 9. A sample of hard water contains 0.005 g of MgSO₄ per 100 g of water. Express the
concentration in ppm.
10. 10. Calculate the mass % of ethanol in a solution containing 46 g of ethanol in 460 g
of water.
11. 11. Calculate the mass of NaCl required to be dissolved in 100 g of water to lower the
freezing point by 1.86°C. (K_f = 1.86 K kg/mol, NaCl dissociates completely)
12. 12. Calculate the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 5 g of non-volatile
solute in 100 g of benzene. (K_b = 2.53 K kg/mol, molar mass of solute = 122 g/mol,
boiling point of benzene = 80.1°C)
13. 13. A 2.5% (w/w) solution of KCl is prepared. Calculate the molality of the solution.
14. 14. A solution containing 0.5 mol of non-volatile solute is dissolved in 1.5 mol of
solvent. Calculate relative lowering of vapour pressure.
15. 15. Calculate the mass of ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂) to be added to 1 kg of water to
prevent it from freezing at –3.72°C. (K_f = 1.86 K kg/mol)
16. 16. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of a non-electrolyte solute in 100 g of
water. The freezing point of the solution is found to be –0.93°C. Calculate the molar
mass of the solute. (K_f for water = 1.86 K kg/mol)
17. 17. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution prepared by mixing 50 g of urea (non-
volatile) in 450 g of water at 298 K. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8
mm Hg.
18. 18. Determine the osmotic pressure of a 0.25 M aqueous solution of KCl at 27°C.
(Assume complete dissociation, R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K)
19. 19. The solubility of CO₂ in water at 298 K is 1.5 × 10⁻² mol/L at a pressure of 1 atm.
What will be the solubility at 4 atm?
20. 20. A solution contains 5 g of a solute in 100 g of solvent. If the boiling point is
elevated by 0.5°C, calculate the molar mass of solute. (K_b = 0.52 K kg/mol)

ANSWERS

1. Mole fraction of NaOH:


Moles of NaOH = 40 / 40 = 1 mol
Moles of water = 360 / 18 = 20 mol
Mole fraction = 1 / (1 + 20) = 0.0476

2. ppm of NaCl:
ppm = (0.02 g / 100 g) × 10⁶ = 200 ppm

3. Molarity of H₂SO₄:
Moles = 10 / 98 = 0.102 mol, Volume = 0.5 L
Molarity = 0.102 / 0.5 = 0.204 M

4. Henry’s Law Constant:


Defines the solubility of gas in liquid: P = K_H × x, where K_H is Henry's constant.

5. Solubility of O₂:
Solubility = p / K_H = 0.25 / (1.3 × 10⁵) = 1.92 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L

6. Molality of KNO₃:
Moles = 20 / 101 = 0.198 mol
Molality = 0.198 / 0.5 = 0.396 m

7. Mole fraction of urea:


Moles of urea = 5 / 60 = 0.0833 mol, Water = 100 / 18 = 5.56 mol
Mole fraction = 0.0833 / (0.0833 + 5.56) ≈ 0.0147

8. Molality of glucose:
Moles = 36 / 180 = 0.2 mol
Molality = 0.2 / 0.36 = 0.556 m

9. ppm of MgSO₄:
ppm = (0.005 / 100) × 10⁶ = 50 ppm

10. Mass % of ethanol:


= (46 / (46 + 460)) × 100 = 9.09%
11. Mass of NaCl:
ΔTf = i × K_f × m = 2 × 1.86 × m ⇒ m = 0.5
Mass = 0.5 × 58.5 = 29.25 g

12. Boiling point elevation:


Moles = 5 / 122 = 0.041, Molality = 0.41
ΔTb = 2.53 × 0.41 = 1.037, BP = 80.1 + 1.037 = 81.14°C

13. Molality of KCl:


2.5 g in 100 g solution ⇒ Solvent = 97.5 g
Moles = 2.5 / 74.5 = 0.0336, Molality = 0.0336 / 0.0975 = 0.344 m

14. Relative lowering of vapour pressure:


= 0.5 / (0.5 + 1.5) = 0.25

15. Mass of ethylene glycol:


ΔTf = K_f × m = 1.86 × 2 = 3.72°C
Moles = 2, Mass = 2 × 62 = 124 g

16. Molar mass via freezing point:


ΔTf = 0.93 = (1.86 × x / 0.1), x = 0.05 mol ⇒ MM = 5 / 0.05 = 100 g/mol

17. Vapour pressure:


Moles urea = 50 / 60 = 0.833, Water = 450 / 18 = 25
X_water = 25 / (25 + 0.833) = 0.9677, VP = 23.8 × 0.9677 = 23.02 mm Hg

18. Osmotic pressure:


π = iCRT = 2 × 0.25 × 0.0821 × 300 = 12.3 atm

19. Solubility of CO₂ at 4 atm:


Solubility ∝ Pressure ⇒ 1.5 × 10⁻² × 4 = 6.0 × 10⁻² mol/L

20. Molar mass from BP elevation:


ΔTb = 0.5 = (0.52 × 5000) / (M × 100) ⇒ M = 52 g/mol

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