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Forces Balanced and Unbalanced

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6 views

Forces Balanced and Unbalanced

Uploaded by

emilychooafat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Forces

Form 3 Physics
Week of Oct. 25th
Learning Objectives
• Recognizing forces that affect the motion of matter
• Comparing balanced and unbalanced forces
• Determining the net force on an object
What is a force?

• A force is a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or


change direction

• In physics a force is anything that makes an object accelerate

• If an object is stationary, it won’t start moving without a force.


Force
• Forces come in pairs
• Forces have a magnitude and a direction
• Force is a vector quantity

Magnitude: 5N
5N, north (up)
Direction: north (up)
Force Measurement and Units
• SI unit for force is the Newton
• A Newton is a force that causes a 1kg mass to accelerate
at a rate of 1m/s/s.
• 1 N (Newton) = 1 kg * m/s/s
• We use a spring scale to measure force.
Combining Forces
• Net Force – The overall force acting on an object after all
forces are combined.
- Forces in the same direction we add them.
10N 10N Net Force = 10N
+ =
- Forces in opposite directions you subtract them.
10N 7N Net Force = 3N
- =
Forces in the Same Direction

• When forces are applied in the


same direction, they are added to
determine the size of the net force.
Forces in Different Directions

• When two forces act in opposite directions, you


subtract the smaller force from the larger force to
determine the net force.
• The net force will be in the same direction as the
larger force.
What is the NET FORCE?
An object experiences a force of 12 N to the left and 6 N to
the left.
What is the NET FORCE?
An object experiences a force of 12 N to the left and 6 N to
the right.
Combining Forces at Right Angles
• Use the Pythagorean Theorem.
- a2 + b2 = c2.
- Can only use if adding only 2 vectors that make a right
angle.
hy
po c
ten
b us
e

a
Combining Forces at Right Angles
• Use the Pythagorean Theorem - a2 + b2 = c2.
- ex. What is the resultant force if you have a force 3N
South and another force 4N West and show the diagram.
a2 + b2 = c2
4N West c2 = 42 + 32
c2 = 16 + 9
3N c2 = 25
South
5N
South c = 5 N SW
West
What is the NET FORCE?
An object experiences a force of 10N downwards and
another force of 5N to the right.
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

• Forces occur in pairs and they can be either balanced or


unbalanced
Balanced Forces: The forces in each direction are
“equal”.
▪ If more than one force is present, it does not
have to cause an acceleration on an object.

▪ If another force “balances” the first out, there


will be no acceleration at all.

Think: If both guys (who weight the same)


pull on a rope in opposite directions, with
an equal amount of force, how much will they move?
Balanced Forces
• Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion
• They are equal in size and opposite in direction
• The net force is 0
Example:

Ground pushes up

Gravity pulls down on


you… Gravity pulls down

The ground pushes


back up…

THIS KEEPS YOU


WHERE YOU ARE!
More Balanced Forces…

5N 5N

Forces may cancel each other and


produce no movement
=No Acceleration!
“Unbalanced” Forces
If the multiple forces
acting at one time are
not balanced out
(equal), then
acceleration can/will
occur on the object!

Kicking the ball causes it to move


quickly in a different direction
If one side of the scale has more mass,
then gravity will accelerate it down!
Unbalanced Forces
• An unbalanced force always causes a change in motion
• The net force is greater than 0

• When unbalanced forces act in opposite directions you can find


the net force
– Net force
• Magnitude
– The difference between the two forces

• Direction
– Direction of the largest force
Unbalanced Forces

3 N, right – 6 N, left = 3N, left


Unbalanced Forces

4 N, left – 10 N, right = 6N, right


Unbalanced Forces

5 N, right + 10 N, right =15N, right


Multiple forces can combine
Unbalanced to move
Forces an object that
has too much inertia for one force alone. The forces
Cause Acceleration
“add together”!
Adding Forces:

Notice that all the new forces are pointed in the


If two people 5N same direction, and they add together! So,
pushing on the instead of only 5N of force pushing the object;
same box. now there are 10 N of force pushing!
5N

All by himself, one person might not be able to


push a car. But with extra friends pushing, it
becomes much easier! The forces add together.
If forces are not equal and are acting in opposite directions,
Unbalanced Forces
a negative acceleration can/will occur. The forces will
Cause Acceleration
subtract from each other!
Subtracting Forces:

5N
Object 5N
5N

Notice that the forces are “unequal” and


pointed in the opposite direction. So they are
“unbalanced” and work against each other –
or one partially cancels the other.

The end result is that the forces on the left


are slowed down by the single force on the right
Review Balanced Forces

Balanced
No Acceleration
Push
10N 10N
or change in Net Force = 0
i.e. Pushing a motion
Car

Balanced No Acceleration
10N 10N Pull or change in Net Force = 0
i.e. Tug-o-war motion
Review Un-Balanced Forces
Add Together
10N Un-Balanced Faster
10N Net Force > 0
Same Direction Acceleration

Subtract from each


other
Un-Balanced
10N Slower
10N
10N
Opposite Net Force > 0
Acceleration
Direction
When we draw a Force Vector…..
REMEMBER:
- Force is a VECTOR - which means it has ______________
& ________________

- The length of the vector line (arrow) should represent its


relative size

- The direction of the vector line (arrow) should represent


its direction
Free Body Diagrams
Drawing a Free Body Diagram
A free body diagram shows
the relative magnitude and
direction of all the forces
acting on an object.
What is the purpose of a Free-body Diagram?

- A free-body Diagram is used to assess the NET FORCE on an

- Balanced Forces

- Unbalanced Forces
Drawing a Free Body Diagram

A book is at rest on a
tabletop. Diagram the
forces acting on the book.
Drawing a Free Body Diagram

A gymnast holding onto a


bar, is suspended
motionless in mid-air. The
bar is supported by two
ropes that attach to the
ceiling. Diagram the forces
acting on the combination
of gymnast and bar.
Drawing a Free Body Diagram
An egg is free-falling from a
nest in a tree. Neglect air
resistance. Diagram the
forces acting on the egg as
it is falling.
Try on Your Own #1
A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a
desk at constant velocity. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air
resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
Try On Your Own #2
A college student rests a backpack upon his shoulder. The pack is
suspended motionless by one strap from one shoulder. Draw a free
body diagram of the forces acting on the backpack.
Try On Your Own #3
A skydiver is descending with a constant velocity. Consider air
resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the skydiver.
Net Force
Definition

Net force is the TOTAL force acting on an object


Determine the Net Force
Determine the Net Force
Determine the Net Force

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