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2. Sounds and Letters - Copy

The document introduces phonetics and phonology, emphasizing the distinction between English spelling and pronunciation. It discusses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols and provides exercises for phonetic transcription and orthographic writing. The document highlights the importance of representing speech sounds accurately using phonetic symbols.

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Amri
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2 views

2. Sounds and Letters - Copy

The document introduces phonetics and phonology, emphasizing the distinction between English spelling and pronunciation. It discusses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols and provides exercises for phonetic transcription and orthographic writing. The document highlights the importance of representing speech sounds accurately using phonetic symbols.

Uploaded by

Amri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY

BY:
SAMSUL AMRI, M.Pd
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Symbols

Phonetics and phonology both


deal with sounds.

English spelling and English


pronunciation are two very
different things, it is important to
remind that we are not concerned
in letters here, but in sounds.
• English has not 5 or 6 but 20 different
vowels, even if these are all written by
different combinations of 6 different
letters, “a, e, i, o, u, y”.
• The same case we have here in
consonants. English has unusual
symbols, such as /ƞ/, /ʤ/, /ʧ/, /ð/, etc.
Exercise
1. Try to find some words on
the same symbols as above.
Two or more syllables are
better!
Exercise
2. Before going further into sub-topic of Phonetic Transcriptions &
Orthographic Writing, you’d better do the exercises below. Write the
words!
a. /prepәreIʃn/ = ________________________________
b. /∫ᴧtl/ = ________________________________
c. /ↄ:tәm/ = ________________________________
d. /vækjʊәm/ = ________________________________
e. /wI InvaIt jә/ = ________________________________
f. /let ðәm kᴧm/ = ________________________________
g. /hI slept saʊndlI/ = ________________________________
h. /aIm frәm lᴧndәn/ = ________________________________
• Ones which in slashes are named
phonetic transcriptions, while ones
which written using alphabetic letters
are called orthographic writing.
• Phonetic transcriptions or phonetic
writing is representing speech sounds to
show clearly and consistently the
pronunciation of a given word using
phonetic symbols. Remember this
principle of phonetic writing; “one
phonetic symbol represents one sound
only, and never any other”.
Examples:
• /fa:ðә/ has 4 phonetic symbols
• /pƱl/ has 3 phonetic symbols
• /neIm/has 3 phonetic symbols.
Why? Because /eI/ is diphthong.
Most language (English and Indonesian) use
alphabetic writing to represent their speech
sounds. It is the most popular and well-
established way of representing speech sounds.
Orthographic writing (or commonly named
conventional way) is the way to represent speech
sounds of every day speaking in order to
communicate using alphabetic letters.
Examples:
Father has 6 alphabetic letters
Pull has 4 alphabetic letters
Name has 4 alphabetic letters
Complete the transcriptions with one of the
following diphthongs: /eɪ/ /ɑɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /ɑʊ/
/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
a. Make /m _ _ k/ f. Sure /ʃ _ _/
b. Bear /b _ _/ g. Island /_ _ lənd/
c. Employ/ɪmpl _ _/ h. Hear /h _ _/
d. Town /t _ _ n/ i. Home /h _ _ m/
e. Sight /s _ _ t/ j. Know /n _ _ /
Discuss with your partner, match the phonetic
transcriptions with the words.
/ʃʌt/ 1. Later
/hɑːt/ 2. Joke
/θɪŋk/ 3. Heart
/wɜːk/ 4. There
/leɪtə/ 5. Doubt
/bɔːt/ 6. Work
/puːl/ 7. Shut
/dɑʊt/ 8. Think
/dʒəʊk/ 9. Pool
/ðeə/ 10. Bought
Write down the Orthographic transcription from this
following phonetic transcription:
Thank You

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