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Statistical Quality Control Using MINITAB R JMP and
Python 1st Edition Bhisham C. Gupta Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Bhisham C. Gupta
ISBN(s): 9781119671718, 111967171X
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 6.73 MB
Year: 2021
Language: english
Statistical Quality Control
Statistical Quality Control
Using Minitab, R, JMP, and Python

Bhisham C. Gupta
Professor Emeritus of Statistics
University of Southern Maine
Portland, ME
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-119-67163-3 (hardback)
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ISBN 978-1-119-67172-5 (ePub)
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Cover image:
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Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In loving memory of my parents, Roshan Lal and Sodhan Devi
 vii

Contents

Preface xiii
About the Companion Website xix

1 Quality Improvement and Management 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statistical Quality Control 1
1.2.1 Quality and the Customer 2
1.2.2 Quality Improvement 3
1.2.3 Quality and Productivity 5
1.3 Implementing Quality Improvement 6
1.3.1 Outcomes of Quality Control 7
1.3.2 Quality Control and Quality Improvement 7
1.3.2.1 Acceptance Sampling Plans 7
1.3.2.2 Process Control 8
1.3.2.3 Removing Obstacles to Quality 8
1.3.2.4 Eliminating Productivity Quotas 9
1.3.3 Implementing Quality Improvement 9
1.4 Managing Quality Improvement 10
1.4.1 Management and Their Responsibilities 10
1.4.2 Management and Quality 11
1.4.3 Risks Associated with Making Bad Decisions 11
1.5 Conclusion 12

2 Basic Concepts of the Six Sigma Methodology 13

2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 What Is Six Sigma? 13
2.2.1 Six Sigma as a Management Philosophy 13
2.2.2 Six Sigma as a Systemic Approach to Problem Solving 14
2.2.3 Six Sigma as a Statistical Standard of Quality 15
2.2.3.1 Statistical Basis for Six Sigma 16
2.2.4 Six Sigma Roles 18
2.3 Is Six Sigma New? 19
2.4 Quality Tools Used in Six Sigma 20
2.4.1 The Basic Seven Tools and the New Seven Tools 20
2.4.2 Lean Tools 21
viii Contents

2.4.2.1 Eight Wastes 21

2.4.2.2 Visual Management 22
2.4.2.3 The 5S Method 23
2.4.2.4 Value-Stream Mapping 24
2.4.2.5 Mistake-Proofing 24
2.4.2.6 Quick Changeover 24
2.5 Six Sigma Benefits and Criticism 25
2.5.1 Why Do Some Six Sigma Initiatives Fail? 25
Review Practice Problems 26

3 Describing Quantitative and Qualitative Data 27

3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Classification of Various Types of Data 27
3.3 Analyzing Data Using Graphical Tools 29
3.3.1 Frequency Distribution Tables for Qualitative and Quantitative Data 29
3.3.1.1 Qualitative Data 30
3.3.1.2 Quantitative Data 31
3.4 Describing Data Graphically 33
3.4.1 Dot Plots 33
3.4.2 Pie Charts 34
3.4.3 Bar Charts 36
3.4.4 Histograms 41
3.4.5 Line Graphs 43
3.4.6 Measures of Association 45
3.5 Analyzing Data Using Numerical Tools 49
3.5.1 Numerical Measures 49
3.5.2 Measures of Centrality 49
3.5.2.1 Mean 50
3.5.2.2 Median 51
3.5.2.3 Mode 53
3.5.3 Measures of Dispersion 54
3.5.3.1 Range 54
3.5.3.2 Variance 55
3.5.3.3 Standard Deviation 56
3.5.3.4 Empirical Rule 58
3.5.3.5 Interquartile Range 60
3.5.4 Box-and-Whisker Plot 61
3.6 Some Important Probability Distributions 63
3.6.1 The Binomial Distribution 63
3.6.1.1 Binomial Probability Tables 64
3.6.2 The Hypergeometric Distribution 65
3.6.2.1 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Hypergeometric Distribution 68
3.6.3 The Poisson Distribution 69
3.6.3.1 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Poisson Distribution 71
3.6.3.2 Poisson Probability Tables 71
 Contents ix

3.6.4 The Normal Distribution 73

Review Practice Problems 80

4 Sampling Methods 89
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Basic Concepts of Sampling 89
4.2.1 Introducing Various Sampling Designs 91
4.3 Simple Random Sampling 93
4.3.1 Estimating the Population Mean and Population Total 94
4.3.2 Confidence Interval for the Population Mean and Population Total 98
4.3.3 Determining Sample Size 99
4.4 Stratified Random Sampling 100
4.4.1 Estimating the Population Mean and Population Total 100
4.4.2 Confidence Interval for the Population Mean and Population Total 103
4.4.3 Determining Sample Size 105
4.5 Systematic Random Sampling 107
4.5.1 Estimating the Population Mean and Population Total 107
4.5.2 Confidence Interval for the Population Mean and Population Total 109
4.5.3 Determining the Sample Size 109
4.6 Cluster Random Sampling 112
4.6.1 Estimating the Population Mean and Population Total 112
4.6.2 Confidence Interval for the Population Mean and Population Total 114
4.6.3 Determining the Sample Size 116
Review Practice Problems 117

5 Phase I Quality Control Charts for Variables 123

5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 Basic Definition of Quality and Its Benefits 123
5.3 Statistical Process Control 124
5.3.1 Check Sheets 126
5.3.2 Pareto Chart 128
5.3.3 Cause-and-Effect (Fishbone or Ishikawa) Diagrams 129
5.3.4 Defect-Concentration Diagrams 130
5.3.5 Run Charts 131
5.4 Control Charts for Variables 133
5.4.1 Process Evaluation 133
5.4.2 Action on the Process 133
5.4.3 Action on the Output 133
5.4.4 Variation 133
5.4.4.1 Common Causes (Random Causes) 134
5.4.4.2 Special Causes (Assignable Causes) 134
5.4.4.3 Local Actions and Actions on the System 134
5.4.4.4 Relationship Between Types of Variation 134
5.4.5 Control Charts 135
x Contents

5.4.5.1 Preparation for Using Control Charts 136

5.4.5.2 Benefits of Control Charts 137
5.4.5.3 Rational Samples for control Charts 137
5.5 Shewhart X and R Control Charts 141
5.5.1 Calculating Sample Statistics 141
5.5.2 Calculating Control Limits 141
5.5.3 Interpreting Shewhart X and R Control Charts 146
5.5.4 Extending the Current Control Limits for Future Control 147
5.6 Shewhart X and R Control Charts When the Process Mean and Standard
Deviation are Known 149
5.7 Shewhart X and R Control Charts for Individual Observations 150
5.8 Shewhart X and S Control Charts with Equal Sample Sizes 154
5.9 Shewhart X and S Control Charts with Variable Sample Sizes 157
5.10 Process Capability 161

6 Phase I Control Charts for Attributes 173

6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 Control Charts for Attributes 173
6.3 The p Chart: Control Charts for Nonconforming Fractions with Constant
Sample Sizes 174
6.3.1 Control Limits for the p Control Chart 175
6.3.2 Interpreting the Control Chart for Nonconforming Fractions 176
6.4 The p Chart: Control Chart for Nonconforming Fractions with Variable
Samples Sizes 179
6.5 The np Chart: Control Charts for the Number of Nonconforming Units 182
6.5.1 Control Limits for np Control Charts 183
6.6 The c Control Chart – Control Charts for Nonconformities per Sample 184
6.7 The u Chart 188
Review Practice Problems 193

7 Phase II Quality Control Charts for Detecting Small Shifts 201

7.1 Introduction 201
7.2 Basic Concepts of CUSUM Control Charts 202
7.2.1 CUSUM Control Charts vs. Shewhart X and R Control Charts 202
7.3 Designing a CUSUM Control Chart 205
7.3.1 Two-Sided CUSUM Control Charts Using the Numerical Procedure 206
7.3.2 The Fast Initial Response (FIR) Feature for CUSUM Control Charts 212
7.3.3 One-Sided CUSUM Control Charts 216
7.3.4 Combined Shewhart-CUSUM Control Charts 216
7.3.5 CUSUM Control Charts for Controlling Process Variability 217
7.4 Moving Average (MA) Control Charts 218
7.5 Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Control Charts 223
Review Practice Problems 229
 Contents xi

8 Process and Measurement System Capability Analysis 237

8.1 Introduction 237
8.2 Development of Process Capability Indices 238
8.3 Various Process Capability Indices 239
8.3.1 Process Capability Index: Cp 239
8.3.2 Process Capability Index: Cpk 244
8.3.3 Process Capability Index: Cpm 247
8.3.4 Process Capability Index: Cpmk 249
8.3.5 Process Capability Index: Cpnst 250
8.3.5.1 Comparing Cpnst with Cpk and Cpm 252
8.3.5.2 Other Features of Cpnst 253
8.3.6 Process Performance Indices: Pp and Ppk 254
8.4 Pre-control 255
8.4.1 Global Perspective on the Use of Pre-control – Understanding the
Color-Coding Scheme 257
8.4.2 The Mechanics of Pre-control 258
8.4.3 The Statistical Basis for Pre-control 259
8.4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pre-control 259
8.4.4.1 Advantages of Pre-control 260
8.4.4.2 Disadvantages of Pre-control 260
8.5 Measurement System Capability Analysis 261
8.5.1 Evaluating Measurement System Performance 262
8.5.2 The Range Method 262
8.5.3 The ANOVA Method 268
8.5.4 Graphical Representation of a Gauge R&R Study 272
8.5.5 Another Measurement Capability Index 275
Review Practice Problems 275

9 Acceptance Sampling Plans 283

9.1 Introduction 283
9.2 The Intent of Acceptance Sampling Plans 283
9.3 Sampling Inspection vs. 100% Inspection 284
9.4 Classification of Sampling Plans 284
9.4.1 Formation of Lots for Acceptance Sampling Plans 285
9.4.2 The Operating Characteristic (OC) Curve 285
9.4.3 Two Types of OC Curves 288
9.4.4 Some Terminology Used in Sampling Plans 288
9.5 Acceptance Sampling by Attributes 292
9.5.1 Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL) 292
9.5.2 Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ) 292
9.5.3 Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) 293
9.5.4 Average Total Inspection (ATI) 293
9.6 Single Sampling Plans for Attributes 296
9.7 Other Types of Sampling Plans for Attributes 296
9.7.1 Double-Sampling Plans for Attributes 296
xii Contents

9.7.2 The OC Curve 297

9.7.3 Multiple-Sampling Plans 301
9.7.4 Average Sample Number 301
9.7.5 Sequential-Sampling Plans 301
9.8 ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003 Sampling Standard and Plans 305
9.8.1 Levels of Inspection 306
9.8.2 Types of Sampling 308
9.9 Dodge-Romig Tables 309
9.10 ANSI/ASQ Z1.9-2003 Acceptance Sampling Plans by Variables 309
9.10.1 ANSI/ASQ Z1.9-2003 – Variability Known 310
9.10.2 Variability Unknown – Standard Deviation Method 311
9.10.3 Variability Unknown – Range Method 313
9.11 Continuous-Sampling Plans 314
9.11.1 Types of Continuous-Sampling Plans 315
9.11.2 Dodge’s Continuous Sampling Plans 315
9.11.3 MIL-STD-1235B 315
Review Practice Problems 316

10 Computer Resources to Support SQC: Minitab, R, JMP, and Python 339

Appendix A Statistical Tables 341

Appendix B Answers to Selected Practice Problems 357
Bibliography 361
Index 365
 xiii

Preface

This is an introductory textbook on statistical quality control (SQC), an important part of applied
statistics that is used regularly to improve the quality of products throughout manufacturing, serv-
ice, transportation, and other industries. The objective of this book is to provide a basic but sound
understanding of how to apply the various techniques of SQC to improve the quality of products in
various sectors. Knowledge of statistics is not a prerequisite for using this text. Also, this book does
not assume any knowledge of calculus. However, a basic knowledge of high school algebra is both
necessary and sufficient to grasp the material presented in this book.
Various concepts of the Six Sigma methodology are also discussed. Six Sigma methodology calls
for many more statistical tools than are reasonable to address in one book; accordingly, the intent
here is to provide Six Sigma team members with some basic statistical concepts, along with an
extensive discussion of SQC tools in a way that addresses both the underlying statistical concepts
and their applications.

Audience

This book is written for second-year or third-year college/university students who are enrolled in
engineering or majoring in statistics, management studies, or any other related field, and are inter-
ested in learning various SPC techniques. The book can also serve as a desk reference for practi-
tioners who work to improve quality in sectors such as manufacturing, service, transportation,
medical, oil, and financial institutions, or for those who are using Six Sigma techniques to improve
the quality of products in such areas. This book will also serve those who are preparing for certi-
fication in Six Sigma training, such as the Six Sigma Green Belt. In the Western world, these kinds of
certifications are very common, particularly in the manufacturing, service, transportation, medical,
and oil industries.

Topics Covered in This Book

In Chapter 1, we introduce the basic concept of quality, as discussed by various pioneer statisticians,
engineers, and practitioners. A few important pioneers in this area are W. Edwards Deming, Joseph
M. Juran, Philip B. Crosby, and Armand V. Feigenbaum. Concepts of quality control and quality
improvements are discussed. Finally, we discuss how management can help improve product
quality.
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RAEDER, ERICH, DR. h.c.
Grossadmiral and Chief of OKM until 1943; thereafter
Admiralinspecteur of German Navy; wearer of Golden Party
Badge of Honor; Member of Cabinet with rank of Reichsminister;
Member of Secret Cabinet Council.
RAINER, DR. FRIEDRICH
Reichsstatthalter, Gauleiter and Reichsverteidigungskommissar of
Kaernten; head of Zivilverwaltung, North-West Yugoslavia;
Supreme Commissioner “Adriatisches Kuestengebiet”; SS-
Obergruppenfuehrer.
RASCHER, SIGMUND, DR.
Hauptsturmfuehrer in the Air Forces, later transferred to the SS;
in charge of experiments on human beings at Dachau
Concentration Camp.
REINECKE, HERMANN
General der Infanterie; Chief of the General Department of OKW
(Allgemeines Wehrmachtamt); Chief of the NS Political Guidance
Staff OKW; honorary member of the Special Senate of the
People’s Tribunal.
REINHARDT, FRITZ
Staatssekretaer and head of Abteilung V, Reich Minister of
Finance, Berlin; expert on Labor Problems, Finance and Taxation
in the Party Chancery; SA Obergruppenfuehrer; Member of
Reichstag; Hauptdienst-leiter of Party.
REINHARDT, GEORG HANS
Generaloberst.
RIBBENTROP, JOACHIM von
Minister for Foreign Affairs (1938-1945); Ambassador to Great
Britain (1936-1938); Ambassador at Large (1935-1938); Special
Delegate for Disarmament Questions (1934-1937); Member of
the Secret Cabinet Council; Member of the Fuehrer’s Political
Staff at General Headquarters (1942-1945); Member of
Reichstag; SS-Obergruppenfuehrer.
RICHTHOFEN, WOLFRAM, Frhr. von
Generalfeldmarschall.
RIECKE, HANS-JOACHIM
Head of Food and Agriculture Division, Reich Ministry of Occupied
Eastern Territories; Staatssekretaer in Reich Ministry of Food and
Agriculture; SA-Gruppenfuehrer.
RINTELEN, EMIL von
Minister (Gesandter) (for special duties); deputy head of the
political division, Foreign Office.
ROEHM, ERNST
Reichsminister, Staatskommissar, Staatssekretaer, Staatsrat, Stabs
chef der SA; Shot June 30, 1934 for alleged conspiracy.
ROSENBERG, ALFRED
Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories; Reichsleiter;
head of RL Departments for Foreign Policy and for Ideology; SS-
Obergruppenfuehrer; SA-Obergruppenfuehrer.
RUNDSTEDT, KARL RUDOLF GERD von
Generalfeldmarschall.
RUST, DR. BERNHARD
Reich Prussian Minister of Science and Education; SA-
Obergruppenfuehrer.
SAUCKEL, FRITZ
Reichsstatthalter, Reich Defense Commissioner and Gauleiter of
Thuringia; Plenipotentiary-general for Manpower (Four Year
Plan); SS-Obergruppenfuehrer; SA-Obergruppenfuehrer; member
of Reichstag.
SCHACHT, HJALMAR
Reich Minister without portfolio until 1943; formerly Minister of
Economics, President of the Reichsbank, and General
Plenipotentiary for the War Economy.
SCHELLENBERG, WALTER
Chief of Security Service, Occupied Territories (Amt VI) in Reich
 Main Security Office; Chief of Military Office RSHA; SS-
Brigadefuehrer.
SCHIRACH, BALDUR von
Reichsleiter for Youth Education; Reichsleiter; Reich Defence
Commissioner; Reichstatthalter; Mayor and Gauleiter of Vienna;
Member of Reichstag; SA-Obergruppenfuehrer; Leader of Hitler
Jugend, and Leader of Youth in the German Reich.
SCHMIDT, DR. PAUL (II)
Chief of the Bureau of the Reich Foreign Minister with the rank of
Gesandter; Ministerialdirigent; attached to Foreign Office, acted
as Hitler’s personal interpreter in all diplomatic negotiations.
SCHMUNDT
Chief of Army Personnel Dept., Generalleutnant, later Hitler’s
adjutant.
SCHULZ, ERWIN
Head of Amt I (Personnel) of Reich Main Security Office
(Reichssicherheitshauptamt); SS-Brigadefuehrer.
SCHWARZ, XAVER FRANZ
Reich Treasurer of the Party; Reichsleiter; SS-
Oberstgruppenfuehrer; SA-Obergruppenfuehrer.
SCHWERIN von KROSIGK, LUTZ GRAF
Reich Minister of Finance; Reich Minister for Foreign Affairs (since
May 1945).
SELDTE, FRANZ
Reich Labour Minister; Labour Minister for Prussia; SA-
Obergruppenfuehrer.
SEYSS-INQUART, DR. ARTUR
Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Netherlands; Reich Minister
without portfolio; SS-Obergruppenfuehrer; member of the
Reichstag; Minister in Austrian Cabinet.
SIMON, GUSTAV
Chief of Civil Administration, Luxembourg; Reichsstatthalter,
Reichsverteidigungskommissar and Gauleiter of Moselland.
SPEER, ALBERT
Reichsleiter; Reichsminister for Armaments and War Production;
head of the Organisation Todt; General Plenipotentiary for
Armaments in the Four Year Plan; head of Armaments Office of
German High Command; member of Reichstag; member of
Central Planning Board; wearer of Golden Badge of Honor of
Party.
SPERRLE, HUGO
Generalfeldmarschall, Third Air Fleet.
STOEHR, WILHELM
Reichsstatthalter and Gauleiter, Westmark.
STRASSER, GREGOR
Leader of Storm Troops (SA) in Lower Bavaria; Reich
Organization Leader until 1932; executed on June 30, 1934.
STREICHER, JULIUS
Gauleiter of Franconia; Editor and Publisher of Der Stuermer; SA-
General; member of Reichstag.
STUCKART, DR. WILHELM
Leading Staatssekretaer in Reich Ministry of Interior Territories;
Head of the Abteilung II in this ministry.
STUDENT, KURT
Generaloberst; G. in C. of Army Group “H” on Western Front.
STUMPFF, HANS-JUERGEN
Generaloberst; C.-in-C, of Air Fleet “Reich”; member of the
People’s Tribunal.
TERBOVEN, JOSEF
Gauleiter Essen; Reich Commissioner for Occupied Norway; SS-
Gruppenfuehrer.
THIERACK, DR. OTTO GEORG
Reich Minister of Justice; SS-Brigadefuehrer; SA-Gruppenfuehrer;
President of the Academy for German Law; Head of NS Lawyer’s
League.
THOMA, WILHELM RITTER von
General der Panzertruppen.
THOMAS, GEORG
General der Infanterie; head of Economy and Armaments
Division, OKW (until Oct. 1944); member of the Armaments
Council.
TODT, FRITZ
Reichsleiter; 1940 Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions;
killed in 1942 in crash.
UIBERREITHER, DR. SIEGFRIED
Reichsstatthalter, Reichsverteidigungskommissar and Gauleiter of
Steiermark; Head of Civil Administration in Untersteiermark.
UTIKAL
Staff Official in Rosenberg’s Ministry for Occupied Eastern
Territories, Chief of Staff of “Einsatzstab Rosenberg”.
VIETINGHOFF-SCHEEL, OTTO-HEINRICH von
Generaloberst; C.-in-C. “South”.
WAGNER, ROBERT
Reichsstatthalter, Reichsverteidigungskommissar and Gauleiter of
Baden; Chief of Civil Administration in Alsace.
WARLIMONT, WALTER
General; Deputy Chief of Operations Staff of OKW.
WEICHS, MAXIMILIAN, Freiherr, von
Generalfeldmarschall, Commander in Chief, Southeast and Army
Group F.
WEIZSAECKER, ERNST FREIHERR von
German Ambassador to the Holy See.
WIEDEMANN, FRITZ
German Consul General in Tientsin and San Francisco; formerly
Adjutant to Hitler.
WINKLER, KARL
Manager of the Party Chancery.
WISLICENY, DIETER
Hauptsturmfuehrer in Slovakia; Specialist on Jewish matters in
Slovakia with Amt IV A4, Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main
Security Office) 1940-1944.
WOLFF, KARL
Supreme SS and Police commander in Italy; Commander of the
Italian SS Legion; General of the Waffen-SS at the Fuehrer’s
Headquarters; chief of the personal staff of the Reichsfuehrung
SS; SS-Obergruppenfuehrer.
ZEITZLER, KURT
Generaloberst.
CODE NAMES AND WORDS USED BY THE GERMAN HIGH
COMMAND FOR OPERATIONS AND MEASURES
DURING THE WAR
ACHSE Measures to be taken when Italy declared a
separate armistice.
ADLER Capture of coast between Zara and Fiume.
AFRIKA Two Italo-German convoys from Italy to
Tripoli/Bengasi, end of December 1941.
AIDA Occupation of Egypt and the Suez Canal.
ALARICH Occupation of North Italy and Unoccupied
France.
ALPENVEILCHEN Invasion of Albania.
ANGELHAKEN (a and b) Attacks on British ships in the North
Atlantic by Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Hipper,
etc. December 1940-January 1941.
ANTON Occupation of Unoccupied France, with Italian
cooperation.
ATTILA Occupation of Unoccupied France; renamed
ANTON on 17 June 1942 when land and sea
operations were separated.
AUGSBURG Delay attack, in Operation GELB.
AURORA “Luetzow” operating against UK-Russian Convoys
in 1942.
BARBAROSSA Attack on Russia.
BEOWULF (I & II) Occupation of East Baltic Islands, 5
November 1941.
BERLIN 11 (a and b) Attacks on British ships in the North
Atlantic by Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Hipper,
etc. December 1940-January 1941.
BIRKE Withdrawal of troops from Finland.
BLAUFUCHS Attacks in Baltic Islands and near Finland.
BLUECHER Part of planned attack on Caspian Sea, 1942.
BRAUNSCHWEIG Operation around Stalingrad.

CERBERUS Transfer of “Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Prinz

Eugen” through the English Channel, 1942.
CHURCHILL Danish fishing vessel “Sursum Corda” spying on
English Coast and later called ERICH.
CORSI/CORSO Part of operation GRUEN.
DANZIG Execute attack, in Operation GELB.
DELPHIN Clearance of Dalmation Islands.
DOMINO “Scharnhorst and Gneisenau” operating against
UK-Russia convoys in 1942. Name changed
from FRONTTHEATER.
DOPPELSCHLAG Scheer and Hipper operating in Arctic, 1942.
EDELWEISS Operation around Baku and Caspian Sea.
EICHE Rescue of Mussolini, 1943.
EISBAER Attack on Cos, 1943.
EISENBAHN Moving of the “Hipper” to Drontheim.
ELISABETH Blockade running, Bay of Biscay, 1943.
EISPALAST “Koeln” operating against UK-Russia convoys.
Name changed to MEIS-ENBALZ, 1942
ERICH See CHURCHILL.
EUROPA Part of operation SEEKRIEG, planned landing on
East English coast.
FELIX Occupation of Canary Islands, North Africa, and
Gibraltar.
FEUERZANGE Combing out certain Adriatic Islands.
FEUERZAUBER Capture of Leningrad.
FISCHREIHER Operations along the Volga, to Astrakan.
FLIEGERPILZ Intended mining of Dardanelles, September
1944.
FREISCHUETZ Capture of Vis and other Adriatic Islands, 1943.
FRISCHES HAFF Defense of Danzig.
FRONTTHEATER See DOMINO.
GANGES Operation in French area.
GELB Invasion of Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
GISELA Occupation of Spain.
GRUEN Invasion of Czechoslovakia.

GUSTAV The plan to assassinate Gen. Giraud.

HAIFISCH Attacks diversionary to BARBAROSSA by troops
from Norway against Scotland, 1941.
HARPUNE See HAIFISCH.
HECHT See ANGELHAKEN.
HEFTNADEL See ANGELHAKEN.
HEKTOR Attacks on Arctic convoys.
HERBSTREISE Landing on Scotch Coast; diversion to
SEELOEWE.
HERBSTSTURM Evacuation of Adriatic coast.
HERKULES Attack on Malta, 1942.
HOFFNUNG Naval operations in Baltic and North Sea, against
Convoy P.Q. 19.
HOLZAUGE Meterological expedition to Greenland.
IKARUS Invasion of Iceland—planned 1940.
ILONA Defense measures against an Allied invasion of
Spain, changed from ISABELLA in June, 1942.
ISABELLA See ILONA.
JUNO Norwegian operations, 1940.
KIRSCHBLUETE Voyage of Japanese submarines to Europe.
KONSTANTIN Occupation of Italian-occupied Balkan territories;
changed from PRINZ EUGEN.
KORALLE Unidentified operation circa February 1944.
KAMELIE Projected annexation of Corsica, 1941.
KORSIKA See GANGES.
KURFUERST Projected operation against Gibraltar.
LABYRINTH See GANGES.
LACHSFANG Attack on Murmansk railroad near Kandalakscha.
LANDWIRT Naval operational group in Mediterranean, 1943-
44.
MANDARINE See GANGES.
MARCO POLO Operation involving collaboration with Japan.
MARITA Invasion of Greece, 1941.
MEISENBALZ See EISPALAST.
MERKUR Invasion of Crete, 1941.
META Ship cruising in Swedish water gathering various
information, 1935.

MONSUN Operation involving use of Japanese Bases.

NAUMBURG Capture of Narvik, 6 June 1940.
NORD Operation in Norway.
NORDLICHT Withdrawal of troops from Norway.
NORDMARK Bergen/Shetland Islands operations, 1940.
NORDWEST A planned landing in England.
OLDENBURG The economic counterpart of BARBAROSSA.
OTTO Annexation of Austria, 1938; also frequently
refers to the Spanish Civil War, 1936-38.
PRINZ EUGEN See KONSTANTIN.
REGENBOGEN Attacks against Arctic convoy, P.Q. 20, 1942 and
31 December 1943.
RENNTIER Operation Norway, 1941 (blocking Kola Bay).
RHEINUEBUNG Operations of the Bismarck.
ROESSELSPRUNG Attacks on convoys (P.Q. 17), 1942.
ROT The main effort in the West.
ROTBUCHE Defense of German bases in Estonia.
SAFARI Countermeasures against Danish sabotage.
SCHAMIL Paratrooper attack around Maikop.
SCHLESWIG Part of operation SEEKRIEG (Landing on East
English coast) including attack on Norwegian
convoy, February 1940.
SEELOEWE Invasion of Great Britain.
SILBERFUCHS Operation in Norway, 1941 (cutting off
Murmansk).
SILBERSTREIFEN Naval operations in Baltic and North Sea, against
convoy P.Q. 15.
SK (SEEKRIEG?) Invasion of East Coast of England.
SONDERSTAB F Military mission to assist Iraq rebellion 1941.
SONNENBLUME Capturing Tripoli and Malta (1941).
SPORTPALAST Transfer of capital ships to Norway.
TAIFUN Autumn 1941 attack against Timoshenko army.

TAMARA Encouraging and preparing revolt of natives in

the Georgian Republic, June 1941.
TANNE Withdrawal of troops from Finland.
TANNE OST (Aufgabe Hochland) Occupation of Eastern
Russia.
THESEUS Attack by all arms in North Africa, May 1942.
TIRPITZ Operation against Convoy P.Q. 12, 6-9 March
1942 and return from Narvik to Drontheim on
13 March 1942.
TORERO See GANGES.
WALLENSTEIN See LANDWIRT.
WEISS Invasion of Poland.
WESERUEBUNG Invasion of Norway.
WESTRAUM Defense operation in France, 1944.
WIESENGRUND Attack on Northern Russia.
WIKINGER Attack on fighting vessels, Dogger Bank,
February 1940.
WUNDERLAND Operations in White Sea, August 1942.
ZAREWNA/ZARIN Mining operations, Murmansk Sea, 1942.
 DATA CONCERNING CAPTURE OF DEFENDANTS

Name of Date of Place of internment Nation taking

defendant internment custody

Doenitz 23 May 1945 Flensburg Joint British &

American
Frank 30 April 1945 Neuhaus, Ober U. S.
Bayern
Frick 2 May 1945 Kempenhausen U. S.
Fritzsche 2 May 1945 Berlin-Tempelhof Russia
Funk 13 May 1945 Gastein U. S.
Goering 8 May 1945 Zell Am See U. S.
Hess 10 May 1941 Eaglesham, British
Scotland
Jodl 23 May 1945 Flensburg British & American
Kaltenbrunner 9 or 10 May 1945 Aussee U. S.
Keitel 13 May 1945 Flensburg British & American
Raeder 16 May 1945 Potsdam- Russia
Babelsberg
Rosenberg 18 April 1945 Flensburg British
Sauckel 10 May 1945 Berchtesgaden U. S.
Schacht 5 May 1945 Pustertal U. S.
von Schirach 5 June 1945 Schwaz, Austria U. S.
Seyss-Inquart 7 May 1945 Hamburg British
Speer 23 May 1945 Gluecksburg British
Streicher 22 May 1945 Waldring, Tyrol U. S.
von Neurath 4 May 1945 Brandt bei France
Bludenz,
Vorarlberg
von Papen 8 April 1945 Stockhausen U. S.
von Ribbentrop 14 June 1945 Hamburg British
Ley (deceased) 15 May 1945 Schleching, U. S.
Kufstein
GLOSSARY OF COMMON GERMAN AND NAZI TITLES,
DESIGNATIONS, AND TERMS, WITH THEIR
OFFICIAL ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation German English

Abschnitt Regional unit of SS and SD (about

divisional strength)
Abt. Abteilung Division
Abteilung Deutsche Presse German or Home Press Department
Abwehr Intelligence and counter-intelligence
department of OKH
ADtsch R. Akademie fuer Deutsches Academy for German Law
Recht
Amt Office
AG Aktien-Gesellschaft Joint Stock Company
Amtsgericht Local Court
Angriffskrieg War of Aggression
Anklagebehoerde Office of Public Prosecutor
Ausland The world outside the borders of the
Reich
AO Auslands-Organisation Foreign Organization of the NSDAP
Auslandsdeutsche German citizens residing outside
Germany
APA Aussenpolitisches Amt NSDAP Bureau for Foreign Affairs
aD. ausser Dienst Retired
AA Auswaertiges Amt Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Beauftragter Commissioner, delegate

BdF. Beauftragter des Fuehrers Delegate of the Fuehrer for the Total
fuer die Ueberwachung Supervision of Intellectual and
der gesamtengeistigen Ideological Training and Education
und weltansschaulichen of the Party (Rosenberg)
Schulung und
Erziehung der NSDAP

Beauftragter fuer den Delegate for the Four Year Plan

Vierjahresplan (Goering)
BdO. Befehlshaber der Commander of the Order Police
Ordnungspolizei
BdS. Befehlshaber der Commander of the Security Police
Sicherheitspolizei
Befehlsleiter Rank in Party Administration
Bereichsleiter Rank in Party Administration
Bev. Bevollmaechtigter Plenipotentiary
Bewegung The movement, i.e., the Nazi Party,
including Party formations,
affiliated and supervised
organizations
 Block Smallest unit of the Nazi Party,
including several houses
Blockleiter NSDAP leader of a block
Botschafter Ambassador
BDM Bund Deutscher Maedel German Girls’ League (female Hitler
Youth)
BGB Buergerliches Gesetzbuch German Civil Code

Ch. Chef Chief, head, commander, superior

Chef der Zivilverwaltung Head of civil administration (e.g. of
an annexed area)
Chefsache Classified document for general
officer only

DAF Deutsche Arbeitsfront German Labor Front

DFW Deutsches Frauenwerk German Woman’s Organization (sub-
organization of the NSF)
DGT Deutscher Gemeindetag German Municipal Congress
DHD Deutscher Handelsdienst German Commercial Service (News
Agency)
DNB Deutsches Official German News Agency
Nachrichtenbuero
Dienstleiter Rank in Party administration
Drang nach Osten Drive to the East
Dreierkollegium The College of Three (the two
Plenipotentiaries for War Economy
and Administration, and the Chief
of the OKW)
DPK Deutsche diplomatisch- German Diplomatic and Political
politische Correspondence (News Agency of
Korrespondenz the Foreign Office)
DRK Deutsches Rotes Kreuz German Red Cross

eh. ehrenhalber Honorary

Einsatzgruppe Special (Gestapo and SD) formation

used for special purposes, e.g.,
executing Nazi race policy, policing
and raiding occupied areas
Einsatzstab Special Purpose Staff
Einsatzstab Rosenberg Rosenberg’s staff for looting art
treasures
EK Eisernes Kreuz Iron Cross
 F

Freikorps Illegal terrorist military formations of

former officers and ex-servicemen
in Germany after World War I
Fuehrerbefehl Fuehrer Order
Fuehrererlass Fuehrer Edict
Fuehrerkorps Corps of political leaders of the
NSDAP
Fuehrerprinzip Leadership principle of the NSDAP
Fuest. Fuehrungsstab Operational Staff
FdR. Fuer die Richtigkeit True or accurate copy

Gau Largest NSDAP unit; 42 in the Reich

and one for all Party groups
outside the Reich
Gauamtsleiter Administrative head of the Party
Gauleitung
Gauleiter NSDAP leader of a Gau
Gauleitung Center of Party administration in a
Gau
Gaurichter Judge in a Gau Party Court
Gauschatzmeister Treasurer of the Party Gauleitung

Geheimer Kabinettsrat Secret Cabinet Council

GKos. Geheime Kommandosache Top Secret (military classification)
Geheime Reichssache Top Secret (civil classification)
Gestapo Geheime Staatspolizei Secret State Police. The political
police system established in
Prussia and extended throughout
the Reich and the occupied
territories.
Generalbeauftragter Commissioner-General
Generalbevollmaechtigter Plenipotentiary-General
GBA Generalbevollmaechtigter Plenipotentiary-General for Labor
fuer den Arbeitseinsatz Allocation (Sauckel)
Generalbevollmaechtigter Plenipotentiary-General for War
fuer die Economy (Schacht)
Kriegswirtschaft
Generalbevollmaechtigter Plenipotentiary-General for
fuer die Administration (Frick-Himmler)
Reichsverwaltung
GG Generalgouvernement Government-General (Poland)
Generalkommissar Commissar-General

Genst. Generalstab General Staff

Gesandter Minister (diplomatic rank)
GmbH. Gesellschaft mit Limited liability company
beschraenkter Haftung
Gleichschaltung The process of compulsory
coordination of German
organizations of all types to
conform to the Nazi racial pattern
and accept Party control.
Gliederungen der NSDAP Party Formations

Hauptstelle Main Bureau

H. Gr. Heeresgruppe Army Group
Herausgeber Publisher of a Newspaper or
Publishing Firm
Herrenvolk Master race
HJ Hitlerjugend Hitler Youth
Hoheitstraeger NSDAP bearer of sovereignty within a
specific area of Party jurisdiction,
i.e., a leader of a Gau, Kreis,
Ortsgruppe, Zelle or Block.
HSSPf. Hoeherer SS-und Higher SS—and Police Leader
Polizeifuehrer

IA Operations officer or section; cf. G-3

IB Supply officer or section; cf. G-l
IC Intelligence officer or section; cf. G-2
iA. im Auftrag By order of (above a signature)

iG. im Generalstab Attached to the General Staff

iV. in Vertretung Per (signature); acting for.

KZ Konzentrationslager Concentration Camp

KdF. Kraft durch Freude Strength through Joy (German Labor
Front subsidiary)
Kreis Largest NSDAP subdivision of a Gau
Kreisleiter NSDAP leader of a Kreis
Kriegsmarine German Navy
Kripo Kriminalpolizei Criminal Police
Kripo-Leitstelle Regional Criminal Police office,
directly under Reich Criminal Police
authority
Kripo-Stelle Smaller than Kripo-Leitstelle, but also
directly under Reich Criminal Police
authority
 L

Land One of the federal states of Germany

(e.g. Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony,
etc.)
Landesgruppe The Nazi Party organization in any
country outside Germany
Lebensraum Living space
Leiter der Parteikanzlei Chief of the Party Chancellery
(Bormann)
Lw. Luftwaffe German Air Corps

Mil. Bef. Militaerbefehlshaber Military Commander (commanding

non-operational troops in occupied
territories)

Ministerrat fuer die Ministerial Council for the Defense of

Reichsverteidigung the Reich
Ministerialdirektor High Civil Servant (chief of a main
section of a Ministry)
Ministerialdirigent High civil servant, ranking below
Ministerialdirektor
Ministerialrat High civil servant, ranking below
Ministerialdirigent
Mit deutschem Gruss With German salute (equivalent to
Heil Hitler)
MdR. Mitglied des Reichstags Member of the Reichstag

NS Nationalsozialismus National Socialism

NSBO Nationalsozialistische National Socialist Factory Cells
Betriebszellen Organization
Organisation
NSDAP Nationalsozialistische National Socialist German Workers’
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Party; Nazi Party
Nationalsozialistischer NS German Students’ Bund
Deutscher
Nationalsozialistischer NS University Teachers’ Bund
Dozentenbund

NSFK Nationalsozialistisches NS Flying Corps

Fliegerkorps
NSF Nationalsozialistische NS Women’s League
Frauenschaft
NSK Nationalsozialistische NS Official News Agency
Korrespondenz
NSKK Nationalsozialistischer NS Motor Corps
Kraftfahrkorps
Nurnberger Gesetze Nurnberg anti-Semitic laws

OB Oberfehlshaber Commander in Chief

ObKom. Oberkommando High Command
OKL Oberkommando der Air Force High Command
Luftwaffe
OKM Oberkommando der Navy High Command
Marine
OKW Oberkommando der Armed Forces High Command
Wehrmacht
OKH Oberkommando des Army High Command
Heeres
OSAF Oberste SA-Fuehrung Supreme Command of the SA
ORPO Ordnungspolizei Order Police
OT Organisation Todt Labor Corps organized by Todt
Ortsgruppe Largest NSDAP subdivision of a Kreis
Ortsgruppenleiter NSDAP leader of an Ortsgruppe
Ostland Baltic countries and White Russia
Ostmark Austria

PPK Parteiamtliche Official Party Examining Commission

Pruefungskommission for the Protection of National
zum Schutze des NS- Socialist Publications
Schriftums
Pg. Parteigenosse Party Member (male)
Pgn. Parteigenossin Party Member (female)
Preussische Prussian Law collection
Gesetzsammlung

Ratsherr Town Councillor

Reiehsamtsleiter Head of a department in the Party
Reichsleitung
RAD Reichsarbeitsdienst Reich Labor Service
RAM Reichsaussenminister Reich Foreign Minister (Ribbentrop)
RDB Reichsbund der Deutschen German Civil Servant’s League
Beamten
Reichsdeutsche German citizens residing in Germany
RFSS Reichsfuehrer SS Reich Leader of the SS (Himmler)
RGBl. Reichsgesetzblatt Reich Legal Gazette
Reichshawptamtsleiter Head of the central departments of
the Party
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