Algebra!

C·II · · · · · . -.
Examp le . h
Th e length of a rectan gle is . tw1·u, ~ t lw. w 1d t .
.1·

If the pen. meter I. ti~ ,,o

,-w cm.
, fi n ct thP w1dth .

Let the width of the recta ngle be .r cm.

· ·J:r
Then t h e 1eng t h Of t he rectan t-u1c 15 ..... cm · Th e length is t wice the width.
x + 2x + x + 2x = 36 Form an pqu atio n. The periineter
is t h e total d istance around the edge_
6x = 36 Simplif~· t he left -ha nd side by addino
like terms . ~

x =6 Solve the equa tion . Divide both sides

of the equa tion by 6.
The width of t he rectang le is 6 cm.

Exercise 10.lA
Answer each of these question s by fo rming an equ a tion and
then solving it.
1. Find the value of x if the perimet er is 7 cm.

(x + 2) cm

2. Find the value of x if the perimet er is 5 cm .

I l(H)cm
(x + 3) cm

3. The length of a rectang le is 3 times its width. If the

perimet er of the rectang le is 11 cm, find its width . Tip
'dth ht'
Let the w1
4. The length of a rectang le is 4 cm more than its width . If I l s
perimet er is 13 cm, find its width. xcm.

5. The width of a rectang le is 5 cm less than its lengt h . If th e

perimet er of the rectang le is 18 cm, find its length.
 fr in the following r ect a n gles.
}1l' , ·Blll C O ·
6, fi11d t b)

:tl
- J~clll· .r cm .\ rpa =
.\ reu - l (.r + 3)cm
l."i em~

f,cn1

-I Clll

. d the value of x in t h e following tria n gles.

7, Fin
b)
a)

s. The angles of a tria n gle are 32 °. x O

and (-!x + 3) 0 .
Find the value of x .
9. Find the value of a in the di agrams below.
a) b)

I
(2a - 32) 0

IO. The sum of three consecutive whole numbers is 168. Tip

l
I
Let the first numbe r b e x. Form a n equation a nd hence
Con secuti\·e
I
find th e th r ee numb er s.
numbe r s a re I
ll. The sum of four consecutive whole numbers is 170. Fi nd n u mbe r s tha t are I
the numbers. n ext to each o the r. I
I
12 for example 1. 2
· In this triangle AB= x cm. a nd 3 .
BC is 3 cm shorter than AB.
~
~
AC is twice as long as BC. I
~
B
II
E
I
I
A' - - - -- - - - - -c I
It
~
~
. ~

!I>~
 a) Write down. in term s of x. th e lcngLh s of':
i) nc
ii) AC
The perimeter of the trian gle is 41 cm.
b) Writ e down a n equa tion in x and solve it to find
x.
13. The area of recta ngle A is twice the area of recta
ngle B.
Find the value of x .

-2---3--
10.2 Substituting into for mu lae
Whe n a calcu latio n is repe ated man y time s it is often help
ful
to use a form ula, which is a rule that connects two or
more
quan titie s that may vary. For example, when a build ing
society
calcu lates how much money they can offer two people as
a
mort gage it may use a form ula such as '2 1 time s the main
salary
plus the second salar y'. 2
Publisher s use a form ula to work out the selli ng price
of a book
base d on the prod uctio n costs and the expected sales of
the book.
Ther e are man y formulae used in math s and science.

[ r,1 p le l
A form ula connecting velocity with acce lerat ion and time
is v = u + at.
Find the valu e of v whe n u = 3, a = 4 and t = 6.

\ v = u + at Writ e the formula.

V = 3 + (4 X 6)
Replace each lette r by its value.
V = 27
Calculate the answ er. Remembe r to u se ~
 ,,p 1e z. the ten sio. n in a s pri ng is
. . T kx
= - .
J ~ a
11lfl
= d
,.if'11
Jue of Tw h e n k == 13 , x 5 a n a = 2.
the vs
) W rit e th e for mu la.
/?.'\-
f - -a
)( 5 Re pla ce ea ch let ter by its va lue
13.:.---
_::. .
f- 2

32 !:. or 32 .5 Ca lcu lat e the an sw er.

r 2
-- --- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -
===

-
ercise 10.2A
inv o vin g orc e, ma ss an acc -
1Jformu1a e era tio n 1s F = ma . in the val
when m == 12 an d a = 3. ue O F
_ The height of a gro wi
ng tre e is giv en by the for mu la
1
h = 2t + 15. Fin d the val ue of
.. hwhen t == 7.
l.The time req uir ed to co ok a joi
nt of me at is giv en by the for mu
la
T= (mass of joi nt) x 3 + 1 . Fi nd
the va lue of T wh en (m ass of joi nt)
2 = 2 ~.
4.An important for mu la in ph ys 2
ics sta tes th at I= mu - m u. Fin
m= 6, u = 8 an d v = 5 . d the value of I wh en
5. The distance tra ve lle d by an
acc ele rat ing ca r is giv en by the
F'md the val
ue of s wh en u = 17 v = 25 an
d t = 4. 9
l
for mu las = ( u T v t.
n· ... J
l
t · ,
· ms em s fam ou s for mu la sta tes
th at E = mc2 • Fin d the val ue of
and c == 3 x 1os. E wh en m = 0.0001
7
· The height 0 f
a sto ne thr ow n up wa rd s is giv 2 F. d h
whenu:::: 70 an d t = 3 . en by h = ut - 5t. m t e v alue 0 f h
8·The s
Find Pheed of an ac ce ler ati ng p a rti
t e cle is giv en by the for mu la v2 = 2 208
9,@1' .exact va1ue of v wh e n u u + ·
he ti:rne .
= 11, a
Pe rio d T of a sim ple pe nd ulu
= 5 an ds = 6 .
m is giv en by the for mu la T -- ?re
Jm)l -
Where l . ... g ·
Find T ~shthe len gth of th e p en du .
lum a nd g is the gra vit ati on al
·1hesu en l -- o·6 5, g = 9.8 1 an acc
lo elerat ion.
d n: = 3.1 42 .
rn
S . . . 1 S' of the sq ua res of th e · ·
, 6n(n, + 1)( 2n
in teg er s fro m 1 to n 1s giv en bY
.
+ 1). Fi nd S wh en n = 12 .
 r .r
12. ~ ::: ~
(/
10. ~- =h t- i 11. l> ('
Ill .Y
.\" ('
111 .r b r
13. h = d 1-L 15. - == .:_
11 (' (! I,
.\" .r
16. (a + b) = c 17. (/1 Ill 18. X == ~
I k) u V
.\"
('
19. (h _ h) =t 20 .\" - (,: I /) 21. I == -
. (a + b) .\:

22. a= -
e h
23. Ill =- 24. ~ == ~
X .\" b X
ll C
rn a2 c2
25. - =- 26. - =
t2
27. 2 == -
X d X 6 X

10.4 Simultaneous equations

Simul taneou s equati ons are used when you have two unkno wn
quant ities that you want to find and two pieces of inform ation
conne cting these quant ities.
You can solve simult aneou s equati ons in differe nt ways.

Grap hica l solution

Exam ple
Layla and Rashi d are children. Layla is 5 years older than Rashid .

The sum of their ages is 12 years.

How old is each child?

Let Layla be x years old and Rashi d be y years old. I I
Define t he two variables.
[sum= 12) X +y = 12 WrilL' Pach piece of
[diffe rence= 5) x-y= 5 inforn w tinn as an equation.

Now draw on the same set of axes the graph s of x + y = 12

and x - y = 5