BUNAMFAN FORM 3 CLUSTER EXAMINATION - 2024

231/2 BIOLOGY– Paper 2 October 2024 - 2 hours

MARKING SCHEME
1. Class Insecta (1 mk)
b) presence of wings
Presence of 3pairs of legs
Presence of a pair of antennae
Presence of compound eyes (2marks)
c) population= FCXSC/MR
400X374/80
=1870 Crabs (3marks)
d) i) E – Denitrifying bacteria;
J – Nitrobacter bacteria/ Nitrifying bacteria; (2marks)

2 Name the structures labelled O and M (2 marks)

O - semi lunar valve;

M - septum

(a) Identify a letter in the diagram that represents blood with the highest concentration of carbon
(iv) oxide (1 mark)

N/P;

(b) Describe how blood is moved by the heart from blood vessel k to blood vessel J.
(3 marks)
Blood from K/pulmonary vein enters the left atrium; left autumn contracts making
bicuspid valve to open (due to blood pressure.
 Blood is forced into the left, ventricle; left ventricle contracts making bicuspid valve to
close and semilunar valve/to open; blood in them forced into aorta/J;
(max 3 marks)
(c) State two features of blood vessel K (2marks)
Have valves (at regular internal)
Wide lumen
Thin and less muscular wall

3 Form two students subjected an orange plant growing outside the laboratory to the
Following;
i) Selected two sized leaves and gently brushed them clean on both sides.
ii) Placed two strips of dry cobalt chloride paper on both sides of each leaf and opposite
each other and covered the cobalt chloride papers with cello tape. They observed the
time taken for any colour change to occur and recorded the following.
Side of leaf Upper epidermis Lower epidermis
Time taken 10 minutes 2 minutes
Use the above information to answer the following questions.
a.i) What was the aim of the above experiment. (1mk)
To compare the rate of transpiration between the upper and lower leaf surfaces;
ii) What was the purpose of brush cleaning the leaf (1mk)
To remove dust particles from the surface of the leaf and any moisture;
iii) What was the role of cello-tape in this experiment? (1mk)
To prevent moisture from the atmosphere from reaching cobalt chloride paper;
b.i) What was the original colour of dry cobalt chloride paper. (1mk)
Blue;
ii) What colour change did the students observe? (1mk)
Pink;
c. Explain the difference in time taken for the colour change observed. (3mks)
The upper leaf surface took more time than the lower leaf surface; the upper surface has
fewer stomata than the lower surface; therefore lower rate of transpiration on the
upper surface than the lower surface;
4 a. Physiological process that was being investigated using the set up above

 Fermentation/alcoholic fermentation/Anaerobic respiration

b. Why was glucose boiled during the experiment?

 Drives off oxygen/air; from the glucose solution.

c. Importance of the cooling of the glucose before adding the yeast suspension

 To avoid denaturing the enzyme in the yeast cell/destroy zymase enzyme.

d. Observation made in the tube at the end of the experiment

 Calcium Hydroxide forms a white precipitates.

e. state the observation that would be recorded if the yeast suspension was boiled for 10
minutes before use.

There will be no white precipitate formed.

f. i. Type of food
 Lipids/fat or oil

ii. Volume of carbon (IV) oxide produced

RQ = Volume of CO2 produced

Volume of O2 used
0.7 = CO2 = 7litres
10
5. a) -Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver/ muscle cells.
-Excess glucose is oxidised to release energy
-Some glucose is converted into fats and stored in adipose tissue.
 b) Pancreas and liver
c) To avoid fluctuation in osmotic pressure which disrupt metabolism;
Enough glucose is required for normal functioning of the cells.
d) Maintenance of constant internal osmotic pressure.
OR
Maintenance of water and ion concentration in an organism at a constant state.

6 a)

(b) 33˚C and 51.5 (±0.5˚C)

32.5 – 33.5 AND 51.0 - 52.0)

(c) (i) As temperature is increased, rate of reaction is increased / more products are formed (per
unit time), because enzymes become more active.

(ii) As temperatures increase beyond optimum rate of reaction decreases less products are
formed (unit per time) because enzymes become denatures, by high temperature

(d) Increase in enzyme concentration and substrate concentration

(i) Pepsin, rennin/chymosin

f) photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make food from carbon IV oxide and
water using energy from the sun.

chemosynthesis is the process by which living organisms make their own food using energy from
chemical reactions.

G) light intensity

 temperature
 carbon iv oxide concentration
 water availability

7(i) Process of inhalation in mammals

 External intercostals muscles contract; while internal intercostals muscles relax;
 (This movement) pulls ribs upwards and outwards;
 The diaphragm muscles contract; and the diaphragm flattens;
 (All the above movements) increases the volume of thoracic cavity; and decreases its
pressure; Atmospheric pressure being higher than thoracic cavity pressure; Forces the air to
rush into the lungs; The lungs are inflated. (Max.
8 Marks)
b) adaptation of leaf to its photosynthetic function. (12mks)
b) - Broad /flat lamina/large; to provide large surface for carbon (iv) oxide; and (sun) light
absorption;
- Thin leaf to allow light/ carbon (iv) oxide to pass through a short distance;
- Presence of numerous/Many stomata; on the upper epidermis, ensuring efficient diffusion of
carbon (iv) oxides;
- Cuticle/Epidermis transparent/ translucent; to allow penetration of light to palisade cells /
photosynthetic cell;
- (Presence of) numerous aerenchyma cells; for buoyancy to reach light and carbon (iv) oxide;
- Has extensive network of veins; Conducting water and mineral salt; the photosynthetic cells;
- Veins contain xylem for transport of water and mineral salts; and phloem for translocation of
product of photosynthesis; (14 marks maximum 12;)
NB; Absorption of light /absorption of carbon (iv) oxide to score once.
8. a) Describe the structure and function of the male reproductive system in human beings.
(20mks)

The testes found outside the body; to provide a cooler environment for sperm production;

Seminiferous tubules consist of actively diving cell; which give rise to sperms;

Epididymis which is highly coiled; to store sperms;

Sperm duct / vas deferens; connect the epididymis to the urethra;

Seminal vesicle; provides an alkaline fluid which contains nutrients for spermatozoa.

Prostate gland; alkaline secretion to neutralize the vaginal; activates the sperms;

Cowper’s gland; neutralizes the acidity along the urethra;

Urethra used for the expulsion of urine to the exterior.

Penis made up of spongy tissue; muscles and blood vessels filled with blood to enable it
penetrate during coitus;

Position of scrotal sac/scrotum outside the abdominal cavity provide cooler/ lower temperature
for sperm formation/ spermatogenesis; sperm formation/ spermatogenesis;

Interstitial cells which produce androgens; seminiferous tubules unite to form