MODULE 8

DIMENSION OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN

COMMUNITY

Learning Outcome
At the end of the lesson the student can:
Justify the importance of leadership in management

Objectives:
1. Define leadership and management
2. Explain the habits of highly effective people

CONCEPT

Leadership is the highest potent quality of an individual to be greatly successful

in life. It is the key force to developing framework to ensure completion of common goals
or purpose. Leadership is integrity which involves self-knowledge, candor and maturity. It
is also the art of influencing and directing others to do the work or tasks assigned to
people.

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Sources of leadership power

Common concern:

Choose the strategy that leads to the confrontation of social problems.

Choose a strategy leading to confrontation with the social structure.

Participation
The most critical concern for leaders is participation, as a means of human dignity and
expressing man’s humanity.

Community development
The leader’s target is the consumer of his services, the residents, the members, and the
recipient.

Social action
Redress a power imbalance and open up a service network.
They are concerned with specific social injustices-this is more focused on a political
structure.

Basic Leadership Styles

Style 1- Directing
The leader provides specific instructions and closely supervise task accomplishment.

Style 2- Coaching
The leader continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishment, but also
explains decisions, solicits suggestions and supports progress.

Style 3- Supporting
The leader participates and supports subordinates effects toward task accomplishment
and shares responsibility for decision making with them.

Style 4- Delegating
The leader turns over the responsibility for decision making and problem solving to
subordinates.

Action-Centered Leadership
Pioneered by John Adair which focused on three areas of managing people
1. Task needs involve setting clear goals and objectives
2. Team needs involve interaction, support, communication and shared work
3. Individual needs incorporate personal behavior and feelings

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Basic concepts of action-centered leadership
1. Leadership is about giving direction, providing inspiration, building teams, setting
examples and gaining acceptance.
2. An effective leader has to be enthusiastic, have integrity, be tough and fair, have
humility and be confident.
3. Leadership is transferable skill.

Types of a Community Leader

According to status According to manner of participation

Formal leader Autocratic
Informal leader Participatory
Free rein

According to democratic practices

Authoritarian
Democratic

General traits of a Leader

 Bearing Enthusiasm
 Courage Initiative
 Decisiveness Integrity
 Dependability Judgment
 Endurance Justice
 Knowledge
 Loyalty
 Tact
 Unselfishness
 Force

Functions of a leader
 Establishes well-defined patterns of organizations, channels of communication,
and ways of getting jobs done.
 Serves as spokesman and representative of the group.
 Helps the group determine procedure in decision-making and carrying out of
plans.
 Initiates plan of actions.
 Settles conflicts and difficulties in the group.
 Clarifies duties and assists the groups to organize itself.
 Serves as guidance counselor
 Maintains membership cohesiveness, cooperation, develop the feeling that to
stay is pleasant.
 Works for the attainment of goals and objectives.

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  Delegates responsibility and authority to maximize participation and
performance.

Roles of a leader
 Model
 Instructor
 Personnel manager
 Commander/supervisor
 Custodian
 Counselor

Approaches in leadership
 Power-influence approach – sets to explain leadership effectiveness in terms of
the amount of power possessed by a leader and how power is exercised.

 Behavior approach – it emphasizes what leaders do on the job.

 Trait approach – it emphasizes the personal attributes of a leader focusing on the

aspects of managerial motivation and specific skills aside from personality traits
or general intelligence.

 Situational approach – it emphasizes the importance of situational factors such

as the leader authority and discretion, the nature of the work performed by the
leader’s unit, subordinate’s ability and motivation, the nature of external
environment and the role requirements imposed on a leader by subordinates,
peers, superiors and outsiders.

Principles of Leadership
 Know your job
 Know yourself and seek self- improvement
 Know your people and look out for their welfare
 Keep your men informed
 Set the example
 Ensure that the task is clear, supervised and accomplished
 Train your team as a team
 Make sound and timely decisions
 Seek responsibility and develop a sense of responsibility among subordinates
 Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities and take responsibility
for your action.

SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE LEADER

Habit 1: Be proactive

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People are responsible for their own choices and have the freedom to choose in accord
with their principles and values rather than moods or conditions. They develop their four
unique human gifts -- self-awareness, conscience, imagination, and independent will --
and take an inside-out approach to change. They choose not to be victims, to be
reactive, or to blame others.

Habit 2: Begin with the end in mind

Highly effective people shape their own future by creating a mental vision and purpose
for their life, week, day, and any project, large or small. They don't just live day to day
without a clear purpose in mind.

Habit 3: Put first things first

Highly effective people make decisions with a clear sense of what's most important.
They organize and execute around their most important priorities, as may be expressed
in their personal, family, and organizational mission statements. They're driven by
purpose, not by agendas and forces surrounding them.

Habit 4: Think win-win

Highly effective people think in terms of mutual benefit. They foster support and mutual
respect. They think interdependently -- "we," not "me" -- and develop win-win
agreements. They don't think selfishly (win-lose) or like a martyr (lose-win).

Habit 5: Seek first to understand, and then to be understood.

Seek first to listen with the intent to understand the thoughts and feelings of others, and
then seek to effectively communicate your own thoughts and feelings. Through
understanding, highly effective people build deep relationships of trust and love, give
helpful feedback, don't withhold feedback, and won't seek first to be understood.

Habit 6: Synergize
Highly effective people focus on their strengths and celebrate and thrive on the strengths
of others, so by respecting and valuing others' differences, the whole becomes greater
than the sum of the parts. They develop third-alternative solutions to problems with
others that are better than what one person would, alone. They don't go for compromise
(1 + 1 = 1½) or merely cooperation (1 + 1 = 2) but creative cooperation (1 + 1 = 3 or
more).

Habit 7: Sharpen the saw

Highly effective people increase their effectiveness by renewing themselves regularly in
four areas: body (physical), mind (mental), heart (social/emotional), and spirit (spiritual--
service, meaning, and contribution

FOUR ESSENTIAL ROLES OF LEADERSHIP

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1. Inspire Trust
Trust starts with a leader’s own character and competence—the credibility that allows

leaders to intentionally build a culture of trust.

2. Create Vision
Effective leaders create a shared vision and strategy and communicate it so powerfully

that others join them on the journey.

3. Execute Strategy
Leaders must not only think big, but also execute their vision and strategy all the way

through to completion with and through others.

4. Coach Potential
Effective leaders develop the leadership potential in others and improve performance
through consistent feedback and coaching.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Management is responsible for controlling an organization, a group, or a set of entities to

achieve a particular objective. Managing is about making sure the day-to-day operations
are being performed as expected. Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence,
motivate, and enable others to contribute to the organization's success. A leader
communicates in order to set direction, inspire, and motivate their team.
It is possible to be a manager and a leader at the same time. But keep in mind that just
because someone is a great leader doesn't mean they'll be a great manager or the other
way around.

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT

Management is essential both in businesses and personal dealings.

Achieving Goals:
Every business and organization is created to meet some needs and reach a goal.
Management helps companies to reach their goals faster. As a leader, you will work with
people with different ideas. How do you bring people of different ideas together to
achieve a common goal? This is why management is essential. With management, you
can instill the company’s culture into employees. You can also cut off actions you don’t
want around the company environment. When the employees cooperate, achieving
goals becomes easy.

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Effective use of resources:
One of the functions of management discussed above is planning. Planning helps to cut
off unnecessary wastages. Management helps to make effective use of the resources
you have at your disposal.

Cost reduction:
Management reduces cost and maximizes productivity. This is achieved by one of the
functions of management which is planning. Planning helps to conserve cost on input
and get high output.

Growth and development:

Management helps in the growth and development of the organization. When goals are
achieved, the company grows. Employees can achieve their potentials when there is
proper management.

Proper Administration and leadership:

Without management, Administration becomes very difficult. There is a clear leadership
structure in the organization. Everyone’s responsibility is made aware and relationships
across all departments in the company.

Discipline:
Management maintains discipline by a delegation of authority. This helps to create and
maintain a better working culture.

Proper recruitment plan:

Management helps in setting a proper recruitment plan. With planning and organizing,
you know where the company is lacking – in terms of staff and resources.
Ability to adapt:

Management also enhances adaptation. A dynamic environment helps the organization

change and adapt quickly to the tide of the market. It becomes easy to meet up the
needs of your customers and the demands of the market.

Planning for the future:

Management is not centered on what we have today. It also has to do with having a
future and a sustainable plan for the future.

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Leadership is about getting people to comprehend and believe in the vision you set for
the company and to work with you on achieving your goals, while management is more
about administering and making sure the day-to-day activities are happening as they
should.

Leadership and management are the terms that are often considered synonymous. It is
essential to understand that leadership is an essential part of effective management.

The organizations which are over managed and under-led do not perform up to the
benchmark. Leadership accompanied by management sets a new direction and
makes efficient use of resources to achieve it. Both leadership and management are
essential for individual as well as organizational success.

CONGRATULATIONS! YOU CAN NOW PROCEED

TO THE NEXT MODULE AFTER THIS…

Activity 5
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1. What is the difference between leadership and management?

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2. What seven (7) habits make up a highly effective people? (According to Stephen
Covey and explain each habit.

7 habits Explanation

3. Why is leadership important in management?

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