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lethiquynhuong2111That's Nelson Mandela after he became the first president of the Republic of
South Africa in 1994. The Rainbow Nation at peace with itself and the world
was his vision of a multicultural South Africa without apartheid. So why did
South Africa introduce apartheid in the first place? Remember, 90% of the
population were black or mixed race. And white people were afraid they would
lose their power and their lands to the black majority. So in 1948, the National
Party created a system of apartheid. So what does apartheid mean? Apartheid
means separation in Afrikaans. In South Apartheid means separation in
Afrikaans. In South Africa, apartheid was the legally enforced separation of
Africa, apartheid was the legally enforced separation of people into three
groups. White, black and mixed race. So how did apartheid work? It affected
every area of life. Black people could only own a certain amount of land and
they had to live in certain areas. They had no representation in parliament and
had to carry identification wherever they went. So tell me about Nelson
Mandela and the ANC. The African National Congress was formed in 1912. It
was a non violent movement formed to get better rights for black people. In the
1950s, the ANC became more radical when younger men such as Nelson
Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo became leaders. In 1960, the
government banned the ANC because it was too popular. What happened next?
In 1961, Nelson Mandela was arrested and charged with sabotage and treason.
Nelson Mandela was arrested and charged with sabotage and treason. At his
trial, he said, I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in
which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. In
1964, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for attempting to overthrow the
government. He served 27 years in prison. He has been such an inspiration to so
many people and still is. While Mandela was in prison, the most important
event was the student riots in Soweto. In 1976, the government had passed a law
stating that Afrikaans was to be the only official language of education. Why
was that a problem? It was a problem because Afrikaans was the language of
their oppressors. It took enormous courage to take on the government. But on
June 16, 1976, 20,000 black students.
