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0b Error Analysis Spherometer

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4 views

0b Error Analysis Spherometer

Uploaded by

rahul17chaurasiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA

Experiment No: 0 (b)


ERROR ANALYSIS

1.1 Objective 1.2 Description of the measuring device 1.3 Procedure 1.4 Observations 1.5
Calculation 1.6 Result 1.7 Error Analysis 1.8 Precaution and Sources of error

1.1OBJECTIVE:
To determine the curvature of convex lens using Spherometer
1.2: Description of the measuring device

A Spherometer is an instrument used for measuring very small distances. It works on the principle of
a micrometer screw. It is generally used for measuring the thickness of a thin plate and for
determining the radius of curvature of spherical surfaces such as lenses or mirrors.

Fig. 1: Construction of Spherometer


It consists of a metal frame work supported on three fixed legs of equal length. The end of the three
legs lies at the corners of an equilateral triangle. An accurately cut screw works through a threaded
hole at the centre of the framework. The screw terminates at the top into a milled head and carries a
large graduated disc as shown in the Figure.
The lower end of this screw forms the central leg of the instrument. A small vertical scale marked in
millimeter or half millimeter is fixed at one end of the frame with its graduations close to those on
the circular disc. The edge of the circular disc is divided into a large number of equal divisions
generally 50 or 100.
Least Count: - The least count of a spherometer is the smallest distance that can be measured
with it. It is the distance moved by the screw when it is turned through one division on the circular
scale.

Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab Page 1


GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA

To find the least count of the Spherometer:


I. Bring the zero of the circular scale against a division mark on the mm scale.
II. Give one complete rotation to the screw and find the distance moved by it on the millimeter
scale.
III. The distance travelled in one complete rotation is known as pitch.
IV. Divide the pitch by the total number of divisions on the circular scale to get the ‘least count’
of the Spherometer.
Least Count = Pitch / Total number of circular scale divisions

1.3 Procedure:
 Keep Spherometer on a glass plate whose thickness is to be measured.
 Move the micrometer screw in the anti clockwise direction.
 Ensure whether legs and micrometer screw are in proper (touching) conditions.
 The circular disc coincides with linear scale (Main Scale) gives Main Scale Reading
(M.S.R.) in mm and coincidence of the circular disc with the Main Scale yields Circular
Scale Reading (C.S.R.) in number.
 The procedure for the measurement for LC (Least Count) has already been mentioned.
Total Reading is equal to M.S.R.+LC × C.S.R.. Total Reading is the thickness of the glass plate
corresponding to a point on the plate. In the similar manner, keeping the pointer of the micrometer
screw at different nineteen points on the glass plate yields thickness of the glass plate at different
nineteen positions of the plate. Now take mean of twenty readings for the thickness of the glass
plate. The mean value is the obtained thickness of the glass plate.

1.4 Observations:
Table : Table for determination of thickness of a glass plate using Spherometer

Sr. M.S.R. C.S.R.=C.S.D.×L.C.


T.R.(xi) 2 2
i x i
No.
(i)
(mm) (mm)
(mm) x (xi x) (xi x)
imax (mm2)
 N
(mm)
(mm)

Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab Page 2


GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA

1.5 Calculation:

Least Count of Spherometer:…………. cm


The curvature of the given lens:…………cm
1.6 Result:
The curvature of a given glass slab can thus finally be estimated as: T  x 
The curvature of the given lens:…………cm
1.7 Error Analysis
(Standard value – measured value)
Percentage error = ×100
Standard value
1.8 Precaution and Sources of error:
 The screw may have friction.
 Spherometer may have backlash error.
 Spherometer may also have parallax error while reading the pitch scale corresponding to
the level of the circular scale.
 Non-uniformity of the divisions in the circular scale may also be present in the Spherometer.
 While setting the spherometer, screw may or may not be touching the horizontal plane
surface or the spherical surface.

Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab Page 3

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