Selected events

in the global response to the epidemic

Millennium
Millennium Declaration and Development
UN General Assembly Political
launch of the Millennium
development goals
declaration on Universal Access Goals
to Prevention, Treatment, Care
and Support
UN General Assembly Special
Global Programme Universal
on AIDS launched Session on HIV/AIDS
(UNGASS) -
G8 commitment Access
by WHO to Universal
189 Member States signed the Targets
Access to
First International Declaration of Commitment Treatment
AIDS Conference
held in Atlanta, Core indicators for
United States monitoring the 147 Member States
Declaration of submit UNGASS
Commitment on Country Progress
HIV/AIDS developed Reports

1985 1987 2000 2001 2002 2005 2006 2008 2010 2015
Midway to
Millennium Development Goals

2008 Report on the

Figure 1.1
global AIDS epidemic
 National indicators for the implementation of the
FIRST OF
2 PARTS:

Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS

National Commitment and Action
1 Domestic and international AIDS spending by categories and financing sources
2 National Composite Policy Index (Areas covered: gender, workplace programmes, stigma and discrimination,
prevention, care and support, human rights, civil society involvement, and monitoring and evaluation)

National Programmes (Blood safety, antiretroviral therapy coverage, prevention of mother-to-child

transmission, co-management of TB and HIV treatment, HIV testing, prevention programmes, services for
National Indicators
orphans and vulnerable children, and education)
3 Percentage of donated blood units screened for HIV in a quality assured manner
4 Percentage of adults and children with advanced HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy
5 Percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretrovirals to reduce the risk of mother-to-child
transmission
6 Percentage of estimated HIV-positive incident TB cases that received treatment for TB and HIV
7 Percentage of women and men aged 15-49 who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and who know their results
8 Percentage of most-at-risk populations that have received an HIV test in the last 12 months and who know their results
9 Percentage of most-at-risk populations reached with HIV prevention programmes
10 Percentage of orphaned and vulnerable children aged 0–17 whose households received free basic external support in
caring for the child
11 Percentage of schools that provided life skills-based HIV education in the last academic year

2008 Report on the

Table 1a
global AIDS epidemic
 National indicators for the implementation of the
LAST OF
2 PARTS:

Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS

Knowledge and Behaviour
12 Current school attendance among orphans and among non-orphans aged 10–14*
13 Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual
transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission*
14 Percentage of most-at-risk populations who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission
of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission
15 Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 who have had sexual intercourse before the age of 15
16 Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 who have had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the last
12 months National Indicators
17 Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 who had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months reporting
the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse*
18 Percentage of female and male sex workers reporting the use of a condom with their most recent client
19 Percentage of men reporting the use of a condom the last time they had anal sex with a male partner
20 Percentage of injecting drug users reporting the use of a condom the last time they had sexual intercourse
21 Percentage of injecting drug users reporting the use of sterile injecting equipment the last time they injected

Impact
22 Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 who are HIV infected*
23 Percentage of most-at-risk populations who are HIV infected
24 Percentage of adults and children with HIV known to be on treatment 12 months after initiation of antiretroviral
therapy
25 Percentage of infants born to HIV-infected mothers who are infected * Millennium Development Goals indicator

2008 Report on the

Table 1b
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of UN member states reporting by region,
2004–2008
Year of reporting (UN Member States reporting/total number of UN Member States)
2004 (102/189) 2006 (122/191) 2008 (147/192)

100

80

60
%
40

20

0
Caribbean Latin Eastern Sub- South East Oceania Western North North
(13) America Europe Saharan and Asia (14) and America Africa
(20) and Africa South- (5) Central (2) and
Central (47) East Asia Europe Middle
Asia (20) (32) East
(19) (20)

(total number of UN Member States in the region)

2008 Report on the

Figure 1.2 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries with Monitoring and Evaluation
components in place, 2005 and 2007

100 2005 2007

80
Percentage of countries (%)

60

40

20

0
One national The Monitoring The Monitoring Funding of A functional A central HIV
Monitoring and and Evaluation and Evaluation Monitoring and National database is
Evaluation plan plan is endorsed plan has Evaluation is Monitoring and present
is available by key partners associated secured Evaluation unit
is present
budget

2008 Report on the

Figure 1.3 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Global trends in monitoring and evaluation
system strengthening, 2005 and 2007

2005

basic elements* in place

one or more basic elements* missing
no trend data available
2007

* One national monitoring and

evaluation plan including budgetary
requirements and with funding
secured; a functional national
monitoring and evaluation unit
and/or monitoring and evaluation
working group; a central national
HIV database.

2008 Report on the

Figure 1.4 Source: UNGASS Country Reports 2006, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Selected events in tracking the epidemic

Millennium
Guidelines on Development
second generation As of 2007, 31 countries
HIV surveillance have conducted population- Goals
Global Programme based surveys with HIV
on AIDS launched First Demographic prevalence measurement
Universal
by WHO and Health Surveys
with HIV prevalence
Access
measurement in Targets
The first HIV First Reference Mali and Zambia
antibody test Group on
becomes Estimates, First global series of
available Modelling and regional training workshops
Projections on estimation methods
meeting for national epidemics

1985 1987 1998 2000 2001 2003 2007 2008 2010 2015
UN General Assembly Special Midway to
Session on HIV/AIDS June 2001/ Millennium Development Goals
189 Member States signed the
Declaration of Commitment

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.1
global AIDS epidemic
 A global view of HIV infection
33 million people [30–36 million] living with HIV, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.2
global AIDS epidemic
FIRST OF
3 PARTS: Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries
(all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels):

HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems,

and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1990–2007) from national surveys
COUNTRY Prevalence trenda Percent of young Proportion having Condom use during
Time period people (15–19 years) sex with more than last sex among those
for which having had sex before one partner in the with more than one
prevalence age 15b last 12 monthsc partner in the last 12
data were monthsd
available Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males

ANGOLAa ID ID

BAHAMAS   

BENINb 2000–2006 * ↔ ↔ * *   
BOTSWANA 2001–2006 * *
BURKINA FASO 2000–2006 *  * * * * ↔ *
BURUNDI 1999–2004 ↔
 [2]* Consistent sites only *
NOTES: [1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. were used in the analysis of change in HIV prevalence over time, for
a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H0: slope =0
CAMEROONa ID ID * * * * * *
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICb      
CHADa ID ID *   *  
2008 Report on the
Table 2a
global AIDS epidemic
CONGOa ID ID
SECOND OF
3 PARTS: Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries
(all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels):

HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems,

and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1990–2007) from national surveys
COUNTRY Prevalence trenda Percent of young Proportion having Condom use during
Time period people (15–19 years) sex with more than last sex among those
for which having had sex before one partner in the with more than one
prevalence age 15b last 12 monthsc partner in the last 12
data were monthsd
available Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males

DJIBOUTIb    

ETHIOPIAb     * * * * 
GABONb    

GAMBIAb    

GHANAb
NOTES:  
[1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. [2]* Consistent  sites only were the analysis ↔
* used in * of change in↔ * over time,
HIV prevalence for
a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H0: slope =0
HAITIb     * *    *
KENYA 2000–2005 * * ↔ ↔ * *  *
LESOTHO a
2003–2007 ↔ 
2008 Report on the
Table LIBERIA
2b b
    global AIDS epidemic
LAST OF
3 PARTS: Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries
(all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels):

HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems,

and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1990–2007) from national surveys
COUNTRY Prevalence trenda Percent of young Proportion having Condom use during
Time period people (15–19 years) sex with more than last sex among those
for which having had sex before one partner in the with more than one
prevalence age 15b last 12 monthsc partner in the last 12
data were monthsd
available Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males

NIGERIAa    

RWANDA 1998–2003  ND * * * 
SIERRA LEONEa ID ID

SOUTH AFRICAg 2000–2006 ↔ * ↔

NOTES: [1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. [2]* Consistent sites only were used in the analysis of change in HIV prevalence over time, for
SUDAN a
a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H0: slope =0    

SWAZILAND 2002–2006  
TOGOa    

UGANDAb     *  ↔ ↔ * *
2008 Report on the
Table 2c
global AIDS epidemic
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 2000–2006 ↔  ↔ * * * * *
 Estimated number of people living with HIV and adult HIV prevalence
Global HIV epidemic, 1990–2007; and, HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2007

Global HIV epidemic, 1990–2007 HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2007

Number of people % HIV prevalence, Number of people % HIV prevalence,

living with HIV (millions) adult (15–49) living with HIV (millions) adult (15–49)
40 4.0 30 15.0

25 12.0
30 3.0
20
9.0
20 2.0 15
6.0
10
10 1.0
5 3.0

0 0 0 0
1990 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 2007 1990 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 2007

NOTE: Even though the HIV prevalence stabilized

Number of people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, the actual number of people
infected continues to grow because of ongoing new
% HIV prevalence, adult (15–49) infections and increasing access to antiretroviral
therapy.
These bars indicate the range around the estimate

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.3
global AIDS epidemic
 Percent of adults (15+) living with HIV who are female
1990–2007
70

60 Sub-Saharan Africa

GLOBAL
50
Caribbean
Percent 40
female
Asia
(%) 30
Latin America
20
Eastern Europe
10 & Central Asia

0
1990 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.4
global AIDS epidemic
 Children living with HIV globally, 1990–2007

2.5
Millions

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.5
global AIDS epidemic
 New HIV infections among children, 1990–2007

600 000

500 000

400 000

300 000

200 000

100 000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.6
global AIDS epidemic
 Child deaths due to AIDS, 1990–2007

500 000

400 000

300 000

200 000

100 000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.7
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Africa, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.8
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) among pregnant women attending
antenatal clinics in sub-Saharan Africa, 1997–2007
Southern Africa
50

Median HIV prevalence (%)

Botswana
40 Lesotho
30 Mozambique
Namibia
20 NOTE: Analysis
South Africa restricted to
10 Swaziland consistent
Zimbabwe surveillance sites for
0 all countries except
1997– 1999– 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 South Africa (by
1998 2000 province) and
Swaziland (by region)

Eastern Africa West Africa

20 20
Median HIV prevalence (%)

15 Median HIV prevalence (%) 15

Ethiopia
10 10 Burkina Faso
Côte d'Ivoire
5 5 Ghana
Kenya
Senegal
0 0
1997– 1999– 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1997– 1999– 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1998 2000 1998 2000

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.9 Source: National surveillance reports and UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF, Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV and AIDS.  July 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) among 15–24 years old, by sex,
selected countries, 2005–2007
Swaziland
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Central African Republic
Uganda
Female
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire Male
Sierra Leone
Rwanda
Haiti
Guinea
Ethiopia
Benin
Mali
DR Congo
Niger
Dominican Republic
Senegal
Cambodia
India
0 5 10 15 20 25
% HIV prevalence
2008 Report on the
Figure 2.10 Source: Demographic and Health Surveys and other national population-based surveys with HIV testing.
global AIDS epidemic
 Life expectancy at birth, selected regions,
1950–1955 to 2005–2010

90

80 Western Europe
Asia
70
Southern Africa
Years

60 Western Africa

Eastern Africa
50
Central Africa

40

30
1950– 1955– 1960– 1965– 1970– 1975– 1980– 1985– 1990– 1995– 2000– 2005–
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, 2008 Report on the
Figure 2.11
http://esa.un.org/unpp global AIDS epidemic
 Changes in population structure: Ghana and Lesotho

Ghana 1950 2007

100+
Male Female Male Female
80

60

Age
40

20

0
10 5 0 5 10 10 5 0 5 10
Percentage Percentage

Lesotho 1950 2007

100+
Male Female Male Female
80

60
Age

40

20

0
10 5 0 5 10 10 5 0 5 10
Percentage Percentage

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, 2008 Report on the
Figure 2.12
http://esa.un.org/unpp global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Asia, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.13
global AIDS epidemic
FIRST OF

HIV prevalence among injecting drug users, men having sex

3 PARTS:

with men, and female sex workers in Pakistan, 2004–2007

Injecting drug users

60
51.3
50

40
30 29.8
% 30 27
23
19.6
20 16.5
13 13.3
9 10 9.5
10 5.3 6.5
3.7
0.5 2.2
0.5 0 0
0
4

7
5
6

5
6

5
6
2 00

200

2 00
2 00
2 00

200
200

200

200

200
200

200
200

200

200

200
200

200
200

200
Karachi Larkana Faisalabad Rawalpindi Quetta
Sukker Hyderabad Sargodha Lahore Peshawar

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.14a Source: Ministry of Health Pakistan. HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan, National Report Rounds I and II.
global AIDS epidemic
SECOND OF

HIV prevalence among injecting drug users, men having sex

3 PARTS:

with men, and female sex workers in Pakistan, 2004–2007

Men having sex with men

20 Male sex workers Hijras

16
14.0
*Cities with single or multiple years 0% HIV prevalence:
12 Sukker (MSW: 2005, 2006); Hyderabad (MSW: 2005);
% Rawalpindi (MSW & Hijras: 2004, 2005, 2006);
8 7.5
Lahore (MSW: 2004, 2005, 2006); and, Quetta (MSW: 2004, 2005,
2006)
4 4.5
4 2.5 2.5
2 1.5 1.7 2.0
0.5 0.5 1 0.5 0.9 0.9
0.5 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
5

4
5

2 00 4

2 00 5
4

6
5
6

2 0 04

7
6

2005

2005

2005

2005
6

2006
7
2 00

2 00

2 00
2 00

200

200

2 00

200
200

200

200

200

200

200
200

200

200

200

200

200

200
Sukker Hyderabad
Karachi Larkana Faislabad Sargodha Lahore Quetta Peshawar

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.14b Source: Ministry of Health Pakistan. HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan, National Report Rounds I and II.
global AIDS epidemic
LAST OF

HIV prevalence among injecting drug users, men having sex

3 PARTS:

with men, and female sex workers in Pakistan, 2004–2007

Female sex workers

5
*Cities with single or multiple years 0% HIV prevalence:
4 Larkana (2006); Faisalabad (2005, 2006); Sargodha (2005,
2006); Rawalpindi (2004, 2005, 2006); and Peshawar (2005,
2006)
3
%
2

1 0.7 0.7
0.5
0.3 0.3
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
5

6
4

5
6

5
2 00
2 00

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200
Karachi Sukker Hyderabad Lahore Quetta

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.14c Source: Ministry of Health Pakistan. HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan, National Report Rounds I and II.
global AIDS epidemic
 Projected total number of HIV infections in various
population groups, in Jakarta, Indonesia, 2000–2020

IDUs with HIV Wives of IDU with HIV Other heterosexuals infected with HIV in a chain originating with IDU

200 000
Number of HIV infections

160 000

120 000

80 000

40 000

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.15 Source: Asian Epidemic Model projections using Jakarta data.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49)
in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.16
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49)
in the Caribbean, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.17
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49)
in Latin America, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.18
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in North America,
Western and Central Europe, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.19
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV infections newly diagnosed in injecting drug users and men
who have sex with men, by country, and year of report, 2002–2006

3000

Men Canada
having sex 2000
France
with men Germany
1000 Italy
Netherlands
0 Switzerland
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
United Kingdom
600
Sources: (1) Public Health Agency of Canada. HIV and

Injecting AIDS in Canada. Selected Surveillance Tables to June 30,

2007. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre

drug 400 for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health
Agency of Canada, 2007. (2) Epidemiologisches Bulletin (5.
Oktober 2007/Sonderausgabe B aktuelle daten und
users informationen zu infektionskrankheiten und public health).
(3) The UK Collaborative Group for HIV and STI
200 Surveillance Testing Times. HIV and other Sexually
Transmitted Infections in the United Kingdom: 2007.
London: Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections.
November 2007. (4) EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in
Europe. End-year report 2006. Saint-Maurice: Institut de
0 veille sanitaire, 2007. No. 75. (5) EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS
Surveillance in Europe. Mid-year report 2007. Saint-Maurice:
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 2007. No. 76.

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.20
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49)
in Middle East and North Africa, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.21
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Oceania, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 2.22
global AIDS epidemic
 Annual diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in Australia
1981–2006

HIV diagnoses AIDS diagnoses

2400

2000
Number of diagnoses

1600

1200

800

400

0
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
Year

Source: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, 2007. 2008 Report on the
Figure 2.23
Data available at http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au/NCHECRweb.nsf/resources/SurvRep07/$file/ASR2007.pdf global AIDS epidemic
 Selected events related to social determinants
of the HIV epidemic
Millennium
UN General Establishment of 1st Global Parliamentary
Assembly UN Secretary Meeting on AIDS calls for
Development
“Declaration of General’s Task rights-based response to the Goals
Paris meeting Commitment on Force on epidemic and end to HIV-
establishing the HIV/AIDS” Women, Girls related travel restrictions
Greater recognises human and AIDS Universal
Involvement of rights as essential Tools for measuring Access
People with AIDS element in the Creation of the gender inequitable
(GIPA) principle global response Global Coalition norms and HIV Targets
on Women and related stigma
AIDS established

3rd international consultation on Over 100 country and regional

HIV and Human Rights makes consultations identified stigma,
first call for universal access to discrimination and gender
prevention, treatment care and inequality as major barriers to
support universal access

1994 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2010 2015
UN General Assembly Special Midway to
Session on HIV/AIDS June 2001/ Millennium Development Goals
189 Member States signed the
Declaration of Commitment

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.1
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries in regions reporting that women
are addressed as a specific component of their multisectoral
HIV strategy with a specific HIV budget for their activities

100 Women are

addressed as
Percentage of countries (%)

80 a specific
component of
multisectoral
60 HIV strategy

Women are
40 addressed as
a specific
component of
20 multisectoral
HIV strategy
with a budget
0
North Caribbean South Sub- Oceania Latin Middle Eastern East Western
America (12) and Saharan (7) America East Europe Asia and
(1) South- Africa (19) (4) and (3) Central
East (41) Central Europe
Asia Asia (14)
(13) (16)

(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.2 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries (by region) reporting policies
in place to ensure equal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care,
and support for women and men

100
Percentage of countries (%)

80

60

40

20

0
Caribbean Middle Oceania Sub- Europe South Latin East
(12) East (7) Saharan (30) Asia America Asia
(4) Africa (13) (19) (3)
(41)

(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.3 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Index of policies related to women’s vulnerability to HIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

East Asia

South and South-East Asia

Caribbean

Middle East

Oceania

Latin America

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Scale of (0–14)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.4 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries (by region) reporting programmes designed
to change societal attitudes of stigmatization associated with HIV and/or
using indicators for reduction of HIV-related stigma and discrimination

Countries
100 reporting
programmes
Percentage of countries (%)

designed to
80 change
societal attitudes
of stigmatization
60 associated with
HIV and AIDS

40 Countries
reporting using
performance
20 indicators or
benchmarks
for reduction
0 of HV-related
Caribbean East South North Sub- Latin Oceania Western Eastern Middle stigma
(12) Asia and America Saharan America (7) and Europe East and
(3) South- (1) Africa (19) Central and (4) discrimination
East (41) Europe Central
Asia (13) Asia
(13) (16)

(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.5 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries (by region) reporting legal protections
against discrimination and relevant mechanisms

100 Report laws or

regulations
protecting
Percentage of countries (%)

people
80
living with HIV
against
discrimination
60
Report
mechanisms to
40 report, document
and address
cases
20 of discrimination
against people
living with HIV
0 and/or most-at-
East North Eastern Latin Oceania Sub- South Caribbean Middle Western risk
(7) (12) populations
Asia America Europe America Saharan and East and
(3) (1) and (19) Africa South- (4) Central
Central (41) East Europe
Asia Asia (13)
(16) (13)

(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.6 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Median percentage of population reached with HIV prevention services
within the specified legal environment
100

Countries
80 reporting having
non-
discrimination
laws/regulations
Median percentage with protection for
of population 60
this population
reached with
HIV prevention Countries
services 40 reporting NOT
(UNGASS indicator 9) having non-
discrimination
laws/regulations
20 with protection for
this population

0
Sex workers Injecting drug Men having
(N=42) users (N=17) sex with men
(N=28)

2008 Report on the

Figure 3.7 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV Prevalence by wealth status: men

100
WEALTH QUINTILE
80 1 2 3 4 5

HIV 60
prevalence
(%) 40

20

0
Burkina Ghana Cameroon Uganda Kenya UR Malawi Lesotho
Faso Tanzania

Source: Mishra V, Bignami-Van Assche S, Greener R, Vaessen M, Hong R, Ghys P, Boerma T, Van Assche A,Khan S, Rutstein S, “HIV infection does not 2008 Report on the
Figure 3.8
disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa”, 2007,AIDS, Vol 21 Supplement 7, November 2007. global AIDS epidemic
 Selected events related to HIV prevention

Millennium
Gay community responses UN General Assembly Declaration Treatment Action Campaign in
organized in many of Commitment: prevention is the South Africa supports mass
Development
developed countries mainstay of the AIDS response marches for prevention Goals
Prevention of Mother to Child Universal Access to Prevention
Transmission (PMTCT) found to endorsed by UN General Assembly Universal
be effective in resource-poor Access
settings and recommended for 34% of HIV-positive
implementation globally pregnant women are Targets
receiving antiretrovirals
First Male circumcision for PMTCT
Needle exchange programmes trial, Orange Farm,
to reduce HIV transmission begin South Africa 40% of young males
in Britain, Australia, Netherlands and 36% of young
Global comprehensive females have accurate
Thailand introduces 100% condom prevention policy knowledge about HIV
use programme nationally established prevention

1982–83 1986 1991 1998 2001 2005 2006 2008 2010 2015
UN General Assembly Special Midway to
Session on HIV/AIDS June 2001/ Millennium Development Goals
189 Member States signed the
Declaration of Commitment

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.1
global AIDS epidemic
 Namibia: HIV related knowledge and behaviour
in the general population, 2000–2006

80

70 2000 2006

60

50
(%) 40

30

20

10

0
Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male

Tested for HIV Comprehensive Sex before age 15 Sex with >1 partner Condom use
in last 12 months knowledge (15–24 year olds) in last 12 months (15–49 year olds)
(15–49 year olds) (15–24 year olds) (15–49 year olds)

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.2 Source: Namibia Country Progress Report 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Comprehensive knowledge of HIV
among young people (ages 15–24), 1999–2007

100
2010 Target
2005 Target
80

60 Male
%
Female
40

20

0
1999–2003 2004–2007 2010

Year

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.3 Source: MEASURE DHS (2008)
global AIDS epidemic
 Comprehensive knowledge of HIV
among young people, by type of question

100
Males Females
80

60
(%)
correct
40

20

0
All 5 questions Having Condoms can A healthy Mosquitos do Sharing food
are correct only one prevent HIV looking person not transmit does not
faithful partner can have HIV HIV transmit HIV
can protect
against HIV
QUESTION

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.4 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries with AIDS education
as part of the school curriculum

Primary curriculum Secondary curriculum Teacher training

100

80

Percentage 60
of countries
(%) 40

20

0
North Sub- Caribbean Latin Oceania Western Eastern East South North
America Saharan (12) America (7) and Europe Asia and Africa and
(1) Africa (19) Central and (3) South- Middle
(41) Europe Central East East
(14) Asia Asia (4)
(Number of countries reporting) (16) (13)

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.5 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of young people
who have first sex before age 15, by sex

Male Female
20

15

% 10

0
1998-2002 2003-2007
Year

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.6 Source: Measure DHS.
global AIDS epidemic
 Annual investment in preventive HIV vaccine research
and development by source between 2000 and 2006

800
US$ Millions

700 Multilaterals
Other Public Sector
600
Europe
500 US

400

300

200

100

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.7 Source: HIV Vaccines and Microbicides Resource Tracking Working Group, 2007.
global AIDS epidemic
 Country reporting on prevention services
for populations most at risk, 2005 and 2007
Countries
reporting
on IDUs

Countries
reporting
on sex
workers

Countries
reporting
on MSM

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.8 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries reporting laws, regulations
or policies that present obstacles to effective HIV services
for most-at-risk populations

Injecting drug users Men having sex with men Sex workers
100

80

Percentage 60
of countries
(%) 40

20

0
North South Eastern North Western Latin East Sub- Caribbean Oceania
America and Europe Africa and and America Asia Saharan (12) (7)
(1) South- and Middle Central (19) (3) Africa
East Central East Europe (41)
Asia Asia (4) (13)
(13) (16)
(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.9 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of most-at-risk populations
reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2005–2007

100
90
80
70 60.4%*
(39 countries)
60
46.1%**
% Median 50 (15 countries)
40.1%* * Percentage of sex
(27 countries) workers and men having
40 sex with men reported
knowing where they can
30 receive an HIV test and
that they were given
20 condoms.

** Percentage of injecting drug

10 users who reported knowing
where they could receive
0 an HIV test and be provided
Sex Injecting Men having with condoms and sterile
injecting needles and
workers drug users sex with men syringes.

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.10 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percent change in condom use at last sex, among those
with more than one partner in the last 12 months, by sex

er Female Male

40%
ig

ic
N

ia
bl

en
pu
am on

re
30%

m
ia

M a Re
Be nz o
ia
ru voi
N ero

Ta as
ib

Ar
ni an
Za nda
R da
Pe d'I

ha an
rk ia
F
am

i e
n

G ia

Bu mb
C ea

U na
a

i
G inic
e

aw

M abw
ga

b
C

n
w

n
ot

i
m

o
20%

H a
U

al
C

ui

om
ol

ny
R

ti
b
ha

al

ai
m

Ke
D

Zi
C
Percent

Ethiopia
change 10%
from
previous
survey 0%
(%)
-10%

-20%

-30%

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.11 Source: Measure DHS 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Condom use at last sex, among those with more than one partner
in the last 12 months, in three high-burden countries

50%

Uganda Female
40%
Uganda Male

Zambia Female
30% Zambia Male

UR Tanzania Female

20% UR Tanzania Male

10%

0%
1995–1996 1999–2001 2004–2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.12 Source: Measure DHS 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Number and percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women
receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, 2004–2007

600 000 40

35
500 000
30
400 000
Number of HIV-positive 25 % of HIV-positive
pregnant women pregnant women
receiving anti-retrovirals receiving anti-retrovirals
300 000 20

15
200 000
10
100 000
5

0 0
2004 2005 2006 2007
Year

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.13 Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF & WHO, 2008; data provided by countries.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women
receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 4.14 Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF & WHO, 2008; data provided by countries.
global AIDS epidemic
 Selected events related to the treatment of AIDS

Millennium
First Global Fund 3 million people on Development
Grants awarded for treatment in
treatment developing countries Goals

World Bank MAP II UN General Assembly Universal

includes ART in Political Declaration on
developing countries Universal Access to
Access
Prevention, Treatment Targets
care and support
Introduction of Accelerating
HAART Access Initiative
WHO launches
launched by UN/
3 x 5 initiative
industry
partnership
G8 Declaration for Universal
Access to treatment

1996 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2010 2015
UN General Assembly Special Midway to
Session on HIV/AIDS June 2001/ Millennium Development Goals
189 Member States signed the
Declaration of Commitment

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.1
global AIDS epidemic
 Number of people receiving antiretroviral drugs
in low- and middle-income countries, 2002−2007
3.0
Millions

2.8 North Africa and

2.6 the Middle East
2.4 Eastern Europe and
2.2 Central Asia
2.0 East, South and
1.8 South-East Asia
1.6 Latin America and
1.4 the Caribbean
1.2 Sub-Saharan
Africa
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
end- end- end- end- end- end-
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
2008 Report on the
Figure 5.2 Source: Data provided by UNAIDS & WHO, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Estimated number of adult and child deaths
due to AIDS globally, 1990–2007
3.0
Millions

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.3
global AIDS epidemic
 Scale up of antiretroviral coverage over time select group of
generalized and concentrated epidemic countries, 2004 to 2007
100
Percent Coverage (%)

2004 2005 2006 2007

80

60

40

20

0 a c
ia da land ia nd ya apuea lawi pia nda ubli ia oire tho eria am o la u e canc
ib n b a n i Afri bli
q
am w a
hai am
az il K e P in a
u M th io ga ep an 'Iv
z eso
N ig et N Ang b u
N R T Z
Sw G E U R an e d
d T t L V i
z am tral Rep
w ite of Cô
Ne Mo Cen
Un

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.4 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Comparison of antiretroviral therapy coverage in 2007
between males and females (for countries with reported data
on the number of people on treatment for both sexes separately)
100%
Male Female
80%
Percent Coverage (%)

60%

40%

20%

0%
Zambia

Cameroon

Togo

Zimbabwe

Niger
Gabon

South Africa
Ethiopia

Central African Rep

Ghana

Cambodia

China

India

Pakistan
Burkina Faso

Chile

Bolivia
Haiti

Chad

Morocco
Burundi

Paraguay
Cote d'Ivoire

Guinea
Mozambique

Belize
Senegal
Barbados
Botswana
Rwanda

Swaziland

Congo

Mauritania
Kazakhstan
Philippines
Lesotho

El Salvador
Brazil
Guinea-Bissau

Ukraine
Somalia
Papua New Guinea

Kenya

Belarus
Malawi

Countries with generalized epidemics Countries with concentrated or low epidemics

NOTE: Coverage estimates are based on applying the ratio of number of males and number of females receiving antiretroviral therapy to the final projected value of all people receiving
antiretroviral therapy as of December 2007. This provides December 2007 estimates of number of males and females receiving antiretroviral therapy that are then divided by the estimated
number of males and females in need of antiretroviral treatment respectively.

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.5 Source: Data from UNAIDS and WHO, 2008
global AIDS epidemic
 Relationship between tuberculosis notification rate
and HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe, 1990–2006

500 18

450 16

400 14

350 12

300 10
TB notification rate % HIV prevalence
(per 100 000 population) 250 8 in all ages

200 TB notification rate 6

(new and relapse),
rate per 100 000
150 population 4
HIV prevalence
100 in all (%) 2

50 0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.6 Source: WHO Global TB control report 2008 (WHO, 2008a); UNAIDS HIV prevalence estimates.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of incident tuberculosis cases
in people living with HIV receiving both antiretroviral
and anti-tuberculosis medications, 2007
100

80

60
%
40

20

0
North Oceania Sub- GLOBAL Caribbean Latin Eastern South East Western
Africa (2) Saharan (76) (10) America Europe and Asia and
and Africa (14) and South- (12) Central
Middle (22) Central East Asia Europe
East Asia (8) (3)
(3) (12)
(Note: No data from North America)
(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.7 Source: UNGASS data provided by countries, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Unmet need for dual treatment of incident tuberculosis cases
in people living with HIV, by region, 2007
Unmet need Treated
1 000 000
10 000

8000
800 000

6000

Number
Number

600 000
4000

400 000 2000

0
Latin Eastern East Caribbean Oceania Middle Western
200 000 America Europe & Asia East & & Central
Central North Europe
Asia Africa

0
GLOBAL Sub- South Latin Eastern East Caribbean Oceania Middle Western
(76) Saharan & South- America Europe & Asia (10) (2) East & & Central
Africa East (14) Central (2) North Europe
(22) Asia Asia Africa (3)
(Number of countries reporting) (8) (12) (3)
Note: No data from North America

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.8 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Treatment outcomes for HIV-positive
and HIV-negative tuberculosis patients, 2005 cohort

100

Not evaluated
80
Transferred

60 Defaulted

Failed
40 Died

Completed
20
Cured

0
HIV+ HIV- HIV+ HIV- HIV+ HIV-
(6113) (148 570) (8100) (132 984) (2577) (34 863)

Smear-positive Smear-negative Re-treatment

(data from 47 countries) (data from 25 countries)
and extrapulmonary
(data from 42 countries)

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.9 Source: WHO Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. World Health Organization, Geneva.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV testing for tuberculosis patients, all countries, 2006
800 14

12%
700 12

600
10
8.5%
500
Number 8 Percentage
of TB cases 400 of notified
tested 6 TB cases
(thousands) 300 tested
4.0%
3.2%
4
200
Note: Numbers under bars
2 represent the number of
100 0.5%
countries reporting data
followed by the percentage
of total estimated
0 0 HIV-positive tuberculosis
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 cases accounted for by
reporting countries
(9, 37%) (92, 53%) (84, 61%) (118, 83%) (112, 90%)

Year

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.10 Source: WHO, 2008a.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries reporting laws, regulations or policies
that present obstacles to services for injecting drug users

100

80

Percentage 60
of countries
(%) 40

20

0
North South Eastern Middle Western Latin East Sub- Caribbean Oceania
America and Europe East and America Asia Saharan (12) (7)
(1) South- and (4) Central (19) (3) Africa
East Asia Central Europe (41)
(13) Asia (13)
(16)

(Number of countries reporting)

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.11 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries by income status reporting
a policy of free services for antiretroviral treatment

100

80

Percentage 60
of countries
(%) 40

20

0
Low Lower Upper High
income middle middle income
(42) income income (16)
(39) (31)

2008 Report on the

Figure 5.12 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Selected events related to mitigating
the impact of AIDS
Millennium
UNICEF first Anglo American introduces “Unite for Children, Development
International policy to make antiretroviral Unite Against AIDS” Goals
Conference on therapy available for HIV campaign launched by
AIDS orphans positive employees UNICEF and partners
Universal
Children on the Brink: In Mexico, the Universal Access
Strategies to Support Antiretroviral Therapy access Targets
HIV/AIDS," published by was guaranteed by the newly
USAID includes the most implemented “Seguro
comprehensive global Popular” for the informal
estimates of the effects of sector along with the social
HIV/AIDS on the world's insurance schemes for the
children formal sector

1991 1997 2001 2002 2003 2005 2008 2010 2015

UN General Assembly Special Midway to
Session on HIV/AIDS June 2001/ Millennium Development Goals
189 Member States signed the
Declaration of Commitment

2008 Report on the

Figure 6.1
global AIDS epidemic
 Estimated number of children under 18
orphaned by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (1990–2007)

12
Millions

10

0
1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

2008 Report on the

Figure 6.2 Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2008
global AIDS epidemic
 Ratio of school attendance among orphans to non-orphans
in countries with HIV prevalence greater than 5%
Côte d'Ivoire
UR Tanzania
Zambia UNGASS 2007
Namibia UNGASS 2005
Central African Republic
UNGASS 2003
Swaziland
Malawi
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Lesotho
Kenya
Cameroon
Gabon
South Africa
Mozambique
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Proportion of school attendance, orphans/non-orphans

2008 Report on the

Figure 6.3 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Support to orphans and vulnerable children as reported
by countries with adult HIV prevalence ≥5 % (2005 estimates)
COUNTRY OVC SUPPORTED OVC TOTAL1 COVERAGE in 2007 (n=10)
Population based survey data      
Botswana Not reported Not reported Not reported
Cameroon 412 4,431 9%
Central African Republic Not reported Not reported 7%
Gabon 259 2,637 10%
Kenya Not reported Not reported 17% 2
Lesotho Not reported Not reported Not reported
Malawi Not reported Not reported 19%
Namibia 882 5,343 17%
Swaziland 1,472 3,576 41%
Uganda 569 5,321 11%
Zambia 578 3,671 16%
Zimbabwe 1,972 6,322 31%
Population adjusted average 34,161 4,970 15%
1
Total number of OVC as
        reported by countries.
Programme based data      
2 Information based on
Côte d'Ivoire 37,250 420,943 9% survey implemented by
PEPFAR in Kenya on
South Africa 1,057,900 1,577,200 67% OVC support in 2007,
United Republic of Tanzania 471,315 930,000 51% source: Kenya UNGASS
country report 2008.
Population adjusted average 2,928,143 1,566,465 53%

2008 Report on the

Table 6.1 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Orphans due to AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa,
from 2006 projected to 2015

16
Millions

14

12

10

6
AIDS orphans_base
4 AIDS orphans scaled phase-up
2 AIDS orphans UA2010

0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2008 Report on the

Figure 6.4 Source: UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV-Related Labour Costs

SECTOR COUNTRY NUMBER OF ESTIMATED COST PER AGGREGATE

WORKERS HIV AIDS DEATHS ANNUAL COSTS
IN SECTOR PREVALENCE OR RETIREMENT (% of Labour Cost)
(% of Adult (Multiple of Annual
Population) Compensation)

Retail South Africa 500 10.50 0.7 0.50

Agribusiness South Africa 700 23.70 1.1 0.70
Uganda 500 5.60 1.9 1.20
Kenya 22,000 10.00 1.1 1.00
Zambia 1,200 28.50 0.9 1.30
Manufacturing South Africa 1,300 14.00 1.2 1.10
Uganda 300 14.40 1.2 1.90
Ethiopia 1,500 5.30 0.9 0.60
Ethiopia 1,300 6.20 0.8 0.60
Media South Africa 3,600 10.20 1.3 1.30
Utility South Africa >25,000 11.70 4.7 2.20
Mining South Africa 600 23.60 1.4 2.40
Botswana 500 29.00 4.4 8.40
Tourism Zambia 350 36.80 3.6 10.80

2008 Report on the

Table 6.2 Source: Piot P et al. (2007). Squaring the Circle: AIDS, Poverty, and Human Development.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percentage of countries with sectors included
in the national AIDS strategy and earmarked budgets

Military/police
Sector
Labour included
Health
Earmarked
Transportation budget
present
Agriculture
Minerals and energy
Trade and industry
Tourism
Public works

0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage of countries (%), N=126

2008 Report on the

Figure 6.5 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Estimated total annual resources available for HIV, 2000–2007,
and projected financial resources required by 2010
if current scale up continues (US$ billion)*

Resources available for HIV services

20
US$ Billion

Current trend

15

10.0
10 8.9
8.3

6.1
5.0
5
3.2

1.4 1.6 * This represents the

projected trend in
resource needs if the
0 current rate of scale-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 up of services is
maintained constant

2008 Report on the

Figure A
global AIDS epidemic
 Spending in programmes specifically directed to the populations
most at risk for HIV as a percentage of total prevention spending
by type of epidemic—public and international Funds, 2006
25%
Harm reduction programs and IDUs
Programs for men having sex with men
20%
Programs for sex workers and their clients

8.6%
15%

10% 2.8%
4.7%

5%
8.0% 3.3% 0.0%
0.1%
1.8% 0.5%
0%
Low Concentrated Generalized
TYPE OF EPIDEMIC

2008 Report on the

Figure B Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Per capita HIV expenditures from domestic public sources
in low- and middle-income countries, 2004–2007
14
(12.01)
Sub-Saharan Africa
12 Upper middle
US$ (9.89) income countries
10
Rest of the world
Upper middle
8 income countries
Sub-Saharan Africa
6
Low and lower middle
income countries
4
Rest of the world
(2.04)
Low and lower middle
2 (1.17)
(1.15) income countries
(0.63)
(0.14) (0.20)
0
2004 2005 2006 2007
Year

2008 Report on the

Figure C Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Public domestic expenditures, Malawi (US$ millions)

20 18.3
US$ Million

15
10.7

10
5.4
4.5
5 3.1

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2008 Report on the

Figure D
global AIDS epidemic
 Annual domestic spending: top 20 countries (US$ 2.73 billion)
UNGASS reports, latest data available (US$ million)

DOMESTIC PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA (US$) DOMESTIC PUBLIC EXPENDITURE (US$ Millions)
Brazil*
South Africa
Russian Federation
Mexico
Thailand
Argentina
Botswana
China
UR Tanzania
Australia
Colombia
Japan
Zimbabwe
Turkey
Chile
Poland
Angola
Cuba
Iran
Ukraine
80 60 40 20 0 200 400 600 * Partial data

2008 Report on the

Figure E
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV expenditures by finance sources and income level 2007,
or latest data available

Per capita (US$): $3.32 $0.26 $2.54 $8.31

100

80 International
Public
60
%
40

20

0
Low Lower Upper High
income middle middle income:
income income non-OECD

2008 Report on the

Figure F
global AIDS epidemic
 Resources available to HIV-related programmes
by source and bilateral disbursements, 2006
Total Resource availability for HIV-related Bilateral disbursements to HIV-related
programmes in 2006 (US$ Billions) programmes in 2006
10
(US$ Billions)

9 Other DAC country members 1%

8 EC (0.5%) Belgium 1%
Spain 1%
7 UN (2%) Norway 2%
6 GFATM (7%) Australia 2%
Germany 2%
5 Foundations (11%) Canada 2%
4 Sweden 3%
Bilaterals (33%)
3 Netherlands 3%
Domestic Public Ireland 3%
2 and Private (46%) United Kingdom 9%
1 United States 71%

0
Total resources available: US$8.9 Billion Percentage out of the total bilateral disbursements
Total Bilateral disbursements 2006: US$ 2.9 Billion

The organizational disbursements are different than commitments or obligations, as well as different from in-country expenditures

Sources: UNAIDS analysis based on OECD/DAC online database (last visited on May 6, 2008), Resource availability UNAIDS 2005, Funders Concerned About 2008 Report on the
Figure G AIDS (FCAA), European HIV/AIDS Funders Group (EFG) for Philanthropic sector global AIDS epidemic
 Disbursements for HIV per US$ 1 Million GDP, 2006

Netherlands 521

Sweden 462

Ireland 408

United Kingdom 328

United States 120

France 93

Germany 60

Canada 50

Japan 24

Italy 4

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

US$

Sources: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, June 2007; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query May 2007; 2008 Report on the
Figure H International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2007. global AIDS epidemic
 Annual resources available 2000–2007 and
funding gap between projected financial resources
if current scale-up continues and a phased scale-up scenario
to reach universal access between 2010 and 2015 (US$ billion)
45 Resources available for HIV services
US$ Billion

40 Resource Needs: if current scale-up continues

35 Resource Needs for phased scale-up to Universal Access

30

25

20

15
10.0
10 8.3 8.9
6.1
5.0
5 3.2
1.4 1.6

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2008 Report on the

Figure I
global AIDS epidemic
 Total annual resources available for AIDS 1986–2007
10 billion
10 000
US$ million

8.9 billion
9000
Signing of Declaration of
8000
Commitment on HIV/AIDS, UNGASS 8.3 billion
7000

6000
World Bank
5000 MAP launch
4000
Gates
3000
UNAIDS PEPFAR
Less than Foundation
2000
US$ 1 million
1000 1623
59
212 257 292 Global Fund
0

1986 1987 1990 1991 1992 1993 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Notes: [1] 1986-2000 figures are for international funds only; [2] Domestic funds are included from 2001 onwards
[i] 1996-2005 data: Extracted from 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS, 2006); [ii] 1986-1993 data: Mann.&. Tarantola, 1996

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.1 Source: UNAIDS & WHO unpublished estimates, 2007
global AIDS epidemic
 Comparison of 2005 and 2007 percentage coverage of antiretroviral
therapy for people with advanced HIV and percentage coverage
of antiretroviral drugs for HIV positive pregnant women by region

Antiretroviral Therapy Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission

100 2005 2007 2005 2007

80
Percent (%)

60

40

20

0
Sub-Saharan Latin America East, South EasternEurope North Africa GLOBAL
Africa and the and and and the
Caribbean South-East Asia Central Asia Middle East

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.2 Source: UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO.
global AIDS epidemic
 Percent Coverage of Antiretrovirals for Prevention of
Mother-to-Child Transmission Breakdown by Quartiles (N=63)

Less than 25% Coverage (36 Countries): Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, China,
Colombia, Congo (Republic of the), Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic
of), Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Togo, Venezuela, Viet Nam

25% to 49% Coverage (16 Countries): Benin, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Dominican Republic,
Gambia, Honduras, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Peru, Uganda, United Republic of
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

50% to 75% Coverage (7 Countries): Brazil, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Ukraine
Greater than 75% Coverage (4 Countries): Argentina, Botswana, Russian Federation, Thailand

All values are based on need estimates using UNAIDS/WHO methodology.

Includes all countries for which number of HIV pregnant women receiving ARVs was reported for 2007, except countries for which UNAIDS/WHO need estimates are not available,
or with need estimates less than 500.

2008 Report on the

Table 7.1
global AIDS epidemic
 Percent Coverage of Antiretroviral Therapy for Adults and
Children with Advanced HIV Breakdown by Quartiles (N=106)
Less than 25% Coverage (45 Countries): Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bolivia,
Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Congo (Republic of the). Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of),
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar,
Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Tajikistan, Togo, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe

25% to 49% Coverage (40 Countries): Angola, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote
d'Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Nicaragua,
Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Uganda, United
Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Zambia

50% to 75% Coverage (14 Countries): Argentina, Barbados, Cambodia, Czech Republic, El Salvador,
Moldova, Netherlands, Panama, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay

Greater than 75% Coverage (7 Countries): Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Lao People's
Democratic Republic, Namibia

All values are based on need estimates using UNAIDS/WHO methodology.

Includes all countries for which number of adults and children on ART was reported for 2007, except countries for which UNAIDS/WHO need estimates are not available, or with
need estimates less than 500.

2008 Report on the

Table 7.2
global AIDS epidemic
 Annual AIDS deaths comparing projected current rate of scale up
and the phased scale-up strategy to reach universal access
between 2010 and 2015
3.0

2.5

2.0
Current Scale-Up
Number of
AIDS deaths 1.5 Phased Scale-Up
(Millions)
1.0

0.5

0
2006 2009 2012 2015

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.3 Source: UNAIDS, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 HIV spending on prevention, treatment, and care,
Mexico, 1995–2005 (US$ millions)
25

US$ Millions
Prevention Treatment and Care
200 20
US$ Millions

160
15

120
10
80
5
40

0 0
2001 2003 2005
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Prevention – selected components
Programs for sex workers and their clients
Programs for men having sex with men
Blood safety

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.4 Source: Personal communication with Centro Nacional para la Prevención y control del SIDA (CENSIDA), Ministry of Health, Mexico (2008).
global AIDS epidemic
 Resources needed in 2010 using a phased
scale-up strategy towards universal access*
14
US$ Billions

Program Support
12
Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
10
Treatment and
8 Care
Prevention
6

4
* Estimates in 138 low- and middle-income countries
2 for implementing the most effective programmatic
services as determined by data derived from
national efforts to “know and act on your epidemic”
0
Low Level Concentrated Generalized
(50) (44) and Hyperendemic
(44)
TYPE OF EPIDEMIC
2008 Report on the
Figure 7.5 Source: UNAIDS, 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Prevention, care and treatment expenditures
from public and international funding sources—
Mozambique, 2004–2006, US$ millions
40
US$ 35 Care and Treatment
Millions
30 Prevention

25

20

15

10

0
2004 2005 2006
Year
2008 Report on the
Figure 7.6 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Countries reporting quality implementation
of the national AIDS strategy

100
Quality national strategy*
Quality national strategy*
Percentage of countries (%)

80

60

40

20

0
North South Caribbean Eastern Middle Oceania Latin Sub- Western East
America and (12) Europe East (7) America Saharan and Asia
(1) South- and And (19) Africa Central (3)
East Central North (41) Europe
Asia Asia Africa (14)
(13) (16) (4)
* One national multisectoral strategy and operational plan with goals,
(Number of countries reporting) (N=130) targets, costing, and identified funding per programmatic area, and a
monitoring and evaluation framework.

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.7 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic
 Country progress in improving the implementation quality of
the “Three Ones”: one national strategic framework, one national
AIDS authority, and one national monitoring and evaluation system*

50
quality implementation
of 2 components
40 quality implementation
of all 3 components
Number
30
of countries
* Quality implementation refers to:
1 One national multisectoral strategy and operational plan with goals,
20 targets, costing, and identified funding per programmatic
area, and a monitoring and evaluation framework;
2 One national coordinating body with terms of reference, a defined
membership, an action plan, a functional secretariat,
10 and regular meetings;
3 One national M&E plan which is costed and for which funding is
secured, a functional national monitoring and evaluation unit
or technical working group, and central national database with
AIDS data.
0
2005 (N=94)** 2007 (N=129)** ** Only countries that have all three or two of the three components in
place are displayed; other countries have only one or none
of the components in place, or did not report.

2008 Report on the

Figure 7.8 Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008.
global AIDS epidemic