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Titration Experiment

The document provides a detailed guide on titration, specifically for determining the concentration of a base using a standard acid solution. It outlines the materials needed, the procedure to follow, and the calculations involved, including the chemical equation and stoichiometry. Additionally, it explains how to measure temperature changes during the reaction and provides an example calculation for the neutralization of HCl and NaOH.

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thant nay zin
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2 views3 pages

Titration Experiment

The document provides a detailed guide on titration, specifically for determining the concentration of a base using a standard acid solution. It outlines the materials needed, the procedure to follow, and the calculations involved, including the chemical equation and stoichiometry. Additionally, it explains how to measure temperature changes during the reaction and provides an example calculation for the neutralization of HCl and NaOH.

Uploaded by

thant nay zin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESCRIPTION

Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a


known concentration (called a titrant) to a known
volume of another solution of unknown
concentration until the reaction reaches
neutralization
By Jack Robbin
Research About Titration

TITRATION IGCSE
CHEMISTRY
Step By Step Guide
1

Objective Calculations

To determine the concentration of a base using a • Calculate the volume of the base used:

standard solution of an acid. Vbase= Vfinal – Vinitial.


• Use the titration formula to find the concentration of
the base:
Material 𝐶𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 × 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑
Cbase =
s 𝑉 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Acid solution (known concentration and volume) •
Base solution (unknown concentration)

Burette
Tips

Pipette
Perform a rough titration first to get an approximate
Conical flask
endpoint.
Indicator (phenolphthalein)
Repeat the titration several times for accuracy and
White tile (to see color change clearly)
calculate the average concentration.
Beaker
Ensure all glassware is clean to avoid contamination.
Funnel

Procedure Chemical Equation

Rinse the burette with base solution and fill it, ensuring no air

bubbles. (or distilled water)


HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O

Record the initial volume of base.

Use a pipette to measure known volume of the acid solution.

Transfer acid to a conical flask. Stoichiometry

Add Indicator. (Phenolphthalein, etc...)


The reaction is a 1:1 ratio. ”One mole” of HCl reacts with “One
Place the conical flask on a white tile.
mole” of NaOH to produce “One mole” of NaCl and “One
Slowly add the base from the burette to the acid.
mole” of water.
Swirl the flask continuously while adding base.
This 1:1 ratio is used in the titration calculation formula:
As approach the endpoint, where the color starts to change.
Cacid × Vacid = Cbase × Vbase
Add the base dropwise. (drop by drop)

The endpoint is reached when the indicator changes color This equation and stoichiometry are used to calculate the

unknown concentration of the base during the titration


permanently. (phenolphthalein turns pink).
process.
Record the final volume of the base in the burette.
2

Temperature Change Add two volumes of acid and base, why?

1. Measure Initial Temperature. 1. Mass of Solution:

2. Monitor Temperature During Reaction.


The heat absorbed or released during the reaction
3. Record Final Temperature.
affects the entire solution, not just one reactant.
4. Calculate Temperature Change.
Thus, the combined volume (mass) of both acid and
5. The temperature change (ΔT) is given by:
base is considered.

ΔT = Final Temperature − Initial Temperature


2. Specific Heat Capacity:

Q = m⋅c⋅ΔT
The specific heat capacity (c) is typically for water,
𝑄
ΔH=
𝑛 assuming the solution's properties are similar. This

requires the total mass for accurate calculations.

Example (Neutralization of HCl and NaOH)

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

50 ml 50 ml 100 ml

25°C to 30°C

Steps

1. ΔT = 30°C−25°C = 5°C

2. Total volume = 50 mL + 50 mL = 100 mL = 100 g

3. (assuming density is 1g/mL)

4. Q = m⋅c⋅ΔT= 100g × 4.18J/g°C × 5°C = 2090J


.
5. Moles of HCl = 0.050 L × 1 mol/L = 0.050 mol

6. Moles of NaOH = 0.050 L × 1 mol/L = 0.050 mol


𝑄 2090𝐽 41800J
7. ∆𝐻 = = =
𝑛 0.05𝑚𝑜𝑙 mol

8. Convert to kJ/mol: ∆𝐻 = − 41.8𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

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