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Statistics Concepts Summary

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5 views

Statistics Concepts Summary

Uploaded by

Eva
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics Concepts Summary

difference between Parameter & statistic


Difference between population & sample

3.Difference between histogram & bar graph


4.similarities between histogram & bar graph
5.advantage & disadvantage of stem leaf****
6.which plot is suitable for small data and why?
7.why we use mediar instead of mean in the presence of outlines? in Statistics course

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. Difference between Parameter & Statistic

Parameter: A value that describes a characteristic of a population (e.g., population mean,


population standard deviation).

Statistic: A value that describes a characteristic of a sample (e.g., sample mean, sample standard
deviation).

Example: If we calculate the average height of all students in a school, that is a parameter. If we
calculate the average height of a selected group of students, that is a statistic.

2. Difference between Population & Sample

Population: The entire group that is being studied.


Sample: A subset of the population used to represent the whole.

Example: If we want to study the height of all students in a school (population), we might collect data
from only 50 students (sample).

3. Difference between Histogram & Bar Graph

Feature Histogram Bar Graph

Data Type Used for continuous data Used for categorical data

Bar Spacing No gaps between bars Bars have gaps

X-axis Representation Represents ranges (intervals) Represents categories

Order of Bars Bars are in numerical order Bars can be in any order

Example:

A histogram is used to show the distribution of student test scores.

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A bar graph is used to compare the number of students in different grades (Class 6, Class 7, Class
8, etc.).

4. Similarities between Histogram & Bar Graph

Both use rectangular bars to represent data.


Both help in data visualization.
Both can be used to compare frequencies.

Both use an x-axis (categories or intervals) and a y-axis (frequency or count).

5. Advantages & Disadvantages of Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Advantages:
✅ Easy to organize and display small datasets.
✅ Retains original data values for quick analysis.
✅ Helps identify the shape of the data distribution.

Disadvantages:
❌ Not useful for large datasets (becomes cluttered).
❌ Difficult to compare multiple datasets.
❌ Not as visually appealing as bar graphs or histograms.
6. Which plot is suitable for small data and why?

A stem-and-leaf plot is suitable for small datasets because:


✔ It retains original values.
✔ It is simple to create and interpret.
✔ It shows data distribution clearly without needing complex tools.

7. Why do we use the Median instead of the Mean in the presence of Outliers?

The mean is affected by extreme values (outliers), which can distort the central tendency.
The median is not affected by outliers and better represents the central value of the dataset.

Example: If the exam scores are 50, 52, 53, 55, 95, the mean is 61 (which is misleading). The median is
53, which is a better representation of the typical score.

Would you like more examples or explanations on any of these topics? 😊

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