Buckling Pin Pressure Relief Technology
Buckling Pin Pressure Relief Technology
Specialty Valves
Buckling Pin Pressure Relief Devices Angle style
BS&B produces fast acting / quick opening buckling buckling pin valve
pin activated pressure relief devices (inline and angle TM
discharge) designed to protect personnel, equipment and the
environment from the dangers of overpressure. Buckling pin
pressure relief devices combine the accuracy of rupture disks BPAV
with the ability to be ‘field-reset’ while remaining installed (open)
after an overpressure event.
2
BPRVTM Size and Set Pressure Capability
The BPRV is available with a standard range
Buckling Pin Relief Valve of sizes and set pressures designed to suit
The BPRV offers the highest flow capacity and convenient inline applications that are compatible with ANSI
installation. After activation, the valve is manually reclosed and the 150, DIN PN 10 or similar flange specifications.
pin replaced while the valve remains bolted between pipe flanges. This In addition to these standard specifications,
dramatically reduces plant downtime and personnel exposure. The pin is the BPRV is capable of meeting a wide range
accessible in a lockable enclosure containing the BPRV mechanism. Valve of dedicated customer requirements that have
sizes range from 2 inches (50mm) to 60 inches (1,500mm). already included:
• High set pressures: Over 2,000 psi (138bar) in a
6 inch (150mm) nominal size installed between
ANSI 900 flanges
• Low set pressure: 1.5 psig (100mbar) in a 24
inch (600mm) nominal size
3
BPRVTM Continued
3 Set Pressure Calibration Controls
• The offset of the BPRV disk shaft from the center
line: A large offset will generate a higher shaft load; a
small offset will generate a lower shaft load. The BPRV
is designed with the optimal offest based on set pressure
requirements.
• The buckling strength of the buckling pin: This
is a function of the 4th power of the pin diameter,
the modulus of elasticity of the pin material, and the
3 Primary BPRV Components
inverse of the pin length. Buckling pin diameter is used
• Rotating disk: A rotating disk normally closes the flow
for significant set pressure tuning, length adjustment is
path and turns through 90 degrees in response to an
used for fine tuning.
overpressure / underpressure condition. The rotating
• The enclosure mechanism uses a lever principal:
disk is constructed from metal and has a hollow design.
This enables a wide range of BPRV set pressures to
This maximizes the flow path through the BPRV and
be obtained with modest buckling pin lengths and
ensures the stability of the disk during normal service
diameters while using a disk shaft offset. This enables
and at the time of opening.
the mechanism to be compact and results in a simple
• Flanged body: A flanged body contains the rotating
pin installation procedure that can be completed by a
disk, holding it in place using shaft connections that are
single operator without special tools.
sealed within the body and pass through bearings to
Note: The BPRV is calibrated before shipment to meet permit free rotation of the disk within the body. The
the users required set pressure and tolerance. body is a 1-piece design with no constructional welds or
other potential external leak paths.
• External enclosure and mechanism: The external
Materials of Construction enclosure and mechanism provides the set pressure
The user may specify the material of construction for each control for the BPRV. The mechanism is designed to
of the three major BPRV components, standard materials are resist the turning moment of the disk shaft during
as follows: normal service pressure conditions. When the desired
• Valve body: The standard materials are carbon steel and set pressure is reached, the mechanism releases the
stainless steel. Alternate materials include duplex, Hastelloy® disk due to the function of a buckling pin which has
C-276, Monel®, Inconel®, 625, titanium and metals that can been built with sufficient strength to resist disk rotation
be obtained in the form of cut plate or a forging (depending until that point. The mechanism is contained within a
upon the size of the device to be fabricated) stainless steel enclosure. The enclosure door includes
• Valve disk: The minimum material is stainless steel. The a seal to permit service under severe environmental
disk provides the valve sealing surface, therefore a resistant conditions.
surface must be ensured. Alternate materials are the same as
for the valve body
• Enclosure: The standard material is stainless steel with
Seals
The primary seal in the BPRV is mounted in the 1-piece body,
Viton door seals. Alternates may be requested held in place by a sealing ring. This seal engages a curved
surface on the leading edge of the disk and has a profile
that provides a tight shut-off from both the inlet and outlet
sides of the device. The standard seal material is Teflon®
(alternates are available upon request).
4
Temperature Customized BPRV Units / Command Activation
The materials of construction for the BPRV permit a wide The BPRV can be user command activated in two different
range of extreme service temperatures ranging from cryogenic configurations:
to high-heat temperatures. Please review your temperature BPRV-CAE
needs with BS&B. Each device has two different temperature If it is known that the BPRV will always sense a positive
considerations: differential pressure, an actuator (e.g. solenoid or pneumatic
• Compatibility of service temperature with seal materials piston) installed adjacent to the buckling pin can be used
• Buckling pin coincident temperature at time of function to buckle the pin on demand. This will release the BPRV
mechanism and allow the disc to rotate freely under pressure.
Enclosure and Mechanism Construction
Three standard mechanisms are employed to meet the torque This is known as a CAE (command activated enclosure) and
requirements of the BPRV nominal sizes 2-60 inches (50- allows the valve to be used as both a pressure relief device
1,500mm): and a command actuated quick opening valve.
• M600 mechanism: low torque applications typical for sizes
2-6 inches (50-150mm) BPRV-CAS
• M4200 mechanism: Torque ranges typical for higher pressure If command actuation is desired in an application where
4 inch (100mm) BPRV devices through low pressure 24 positive differential pressure cannot be guaranteed, a powered
inch (600mm) size actuator can be installed on the free shaft of the BPRV. When
• M16000 mechanism: for high torque requirements of BPRV the operating conditions require the valve open, the actuator
devices sized 20-60 inches nominal size is powered to overcome both the buckling pin and any back
pressure induced torque on the BPRV shaft to open the
The mechanism front cover is provided with a latch tongue device.
that aligns with another on the side to allow the user to add a
preferred locking mechanism. Turn latches mounted on the This is known as a CAS (command activated shaft) and allows
front of the enclosure energize the door elastomer seal. the BPRV to be used as both a pressure relief device and a
command actuated quick opening valve.
All mechanisms comprise of stainless steel and protective
coated high tensile steel components. This combination
The BPRV-CAE and BPRV-CAS are examples of customized
avoids seizing of moving parts through the use of similar
metals, and provides excellent corrosion resistance. The design options that can be satisfied with this versatile pressure
mechanism is fully sealed within the enclosure when the door relief technology. BS&B welcomes the opportunity to develop
is latched shut. solutions to unique applications.
Mechanism Function
The BPRV mechanisms use a lever principal to balance input load from the rotating
disc against output load applied to the buckling pin. When the (input load) x (distance
from lever load input to the fulcrum) > the (buckling pin collapse load) x (distance
from fulcrum to the lever load output), the BPRV will open.
The input load is provided by the pressure
generated torque on the disc shaft This loads the
input side of the lever arm. When the buckling
pin operates, the lever is free to move, allowing
the shaft to rotate through 90 degrees into the
full open position. At most set pressures, the
Closed valve Fulcrum BPRV will latch in the full open position to
ensure the greatest flow rate through the device.
The location of the fulcrum is tailored by BS&B
during the calibration of each BPRV. This set
pressure control feature of the BPRV design
is used for fine tuning. The fulcrum location is
Open valve factory set and wire sealed for tamper evidence.
Lever arm
5
Installation Testing In Place
The BPRV is designed for “in-line” installation between pipe Since the BPRV might be interpreted as a relief valve, many
flanges. Each device is a ‘full face’ design with the pipe flange users wish to perform scheduled maintenance to ensure the
bolting typically passing through the perimeter of the body. set pressure has not been compromised while the valve is in
Some flange specifications have a compact bolting pattern service. The normal procedure for testing of many types of
that would interfere with the bushings or bearings if through relief valves is to remove the valve from service and send to
bolt holes were used; in these cases, a threaded blind bolt a valve repair shop for a pop test and re-certification. The
hole is provided on both sides of the BPRV so a full set of advantage of the BPRV is that the valve can be re-tested in-
flange bolts is installed. The piping may run horizontally, situ. The offset shaft is designed with a hexagon drive in the
vertically, or at an oblique angle. The BPRV can be supplied enclosure. The user can leave the valve in service between the
set-pressure certified for any of these orientations. The user flanges and attach a torque wrench to the hex. All the user
must identify the installation configuration at time of order needs to do is remove the pin and load the shaft with a torque
to ensure appropriate calibration testing of the BPRV. The wrench until the valve opens. BS&B can supply a torque value
BPRV body can be fitted with lifting lugs to ease maneuver of range which, when applied to the hex drive of the offset
the device into place between pipe flanges. shaft. Once the value recorded on the torque wrench lies
within this torque range supplied by BS&B, the user knows
Field Reset that the valve set pressure has not been compromised and
When a buckling pin has functioned and the BPRV is to be the product is now re-tested. This allows users to re-check
reset, this can typically be accomplished while the device the valve within 10 to 15 minutes, without having to remove
remains installed in the piping system. The enclosure is it from the pipeline.
opened, the used buckling pin removed, the disk rotated back
into the closed position, a replacement buckling pin installed Testing in place greatly reduces the maintenance expenses
and the mechanism reset. This takes only a few minutes and compared with relief valves by dramatically reducing the time
can be completed by a single operator, even with the largest and labor involved with the re-validation process. BS&B
size BPRV. recommends these activities are supervised by a BS&B trained
and authorized technician.
Maintenance
As desired, the buckling pin can be removed and the BPRV
tested by rotating the disk into the open position triggering
the mechanism. There must be no pressure on the device.
The buckling pin can then be reinstalled.
6
Quality Assurance
Every BPRV is thoroughly tested before shipment. Pre-
delivery inspection can be divided into:
US patent 6,484,742
and international • Dimensional inspection
patents apply • Leak tightness verification
• Buckling pin calibration and set pressure testing
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BPIVTM Buckling Pin Inlet Valve
BPIVTM buckling pin
independent valve
(open)
The BPIV valve is the same as the BPRV, but is back pressure independent
The BS&B BPIV valve set pressure is controlled by a BPRV and BPIV Capabilties
precision buckling pin which is calibrated to respond to the Set pressure
forces generated by inlet pressure acting on the valve plug. Inlet size Flow area
range
Code section
When the pin activates, the valve plug lifts to achieve a full 2 NPS 2.75 sq in 15 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
diameter flow area. The BPIV valve has a soft seat. Standard
3 NPS 6 sq in 15 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
valve materials are carbon steel and stainless steel for process
4 NPS 10 sq in 15 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
contact components. Special materials are available upon
request. 6 NPS 23.5 sq in 1 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
8 NPS 39.65 sq in 1 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
10 NPS 62.48 sq in 1 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
12 NPS 90.5 sq in 1 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
14 NPS 109 sq in 1 - 2250 psi VIII div 1
16 NPS 149 sq in 1 - 1440 psi VIII div 1
18 NPS 196.2 sq in 1 - 1440 psi VIII div 1
20 NPS 239.1 sq in 1 - 1440 psi VIII div 1
24 NPS 367.6 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
30 NPS 601 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
32 NPS 614 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
34 NPS 695 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
36 NPS 781 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
Innovation 38 NPS 872 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
BS&B’s 60 inch (1,500mm) BPRV, first released in 2007, is 40 NPS 968 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
the world’s largest ASME certified pressure relief device. 42 NPS 1069 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
Where variable back pressure is a concern, BS&B provides 44 NPS 1175 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
the BPIVTM (buckling pin independent valve) which is also 46 NPS 1286 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
available ASME certified. Both the BPRV and BPIV are
48 NPS 1403 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
available CE marked.
52 NPS 1650 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
54 NPS 1784 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
56 NPS 1918 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
60 NPS 2206 sq in 1 - 720 psi VIII div 1
8
BPAVTM Benefits
• Direct replacement of API series relief valves - no
Buckling Pin API-Series Valve piping modifications
The BS&B BPAV valve set pressure is controlled by a • Capacity of the BPAV exceeds the largest API size
precision buckling pin that is calibrated to respond to the orifice per line size - Kd = 0.8 - ideal solution for
forces generated by inlet pressure acting on the valve plug.
brown-field projects; 0.686 for liquid
When the pin activates, the valve plug lifts to achieve a full
• More flow per cost than a relief valve
diameter flow area. The BPAV valve has a soft seat. Standard
• Increased production capacity for same piping
valve materials are carbon steel and stainless steel for process
contact components. Special materials are available upon configuration
request. • Smaller size BPAV may be adequate for application
• The first API-526 piping configuration buckling pin valve • Reducing valve cost, piping cost and weight - critical
for offshore applications
• 1 x 1.5 inches (25 x 40mm) to 8 x 10 inches (200 x
250mm); larger sizes available upon request
• Full bore relief for maximum flow capacity; 0.8 coefficient
BPAV-RTM
Sharing the same configuration as the BPAV but with a
of discharge / Kd = 0.8 for gas, Kd = 0.686 for liquid
replaceable seat - applied to corrosive and errosive application
• Fast acting which may result in frequent seat replacements. Also applied
• Set pressure independent of back pressure, suitable for to high H2S processes where the replaceable seat material
variable back pressure applications needs to be of a higher alloy (eg. Inconel 625).
• Operable to 90% of set pressure - no simmering
• Suitable for gas, liquid and two-phase flow BPAV-LPTM
Low set pressure buckling pin API series valve for set
• Higher flow capacity than equivalent sized relief valve
pressures below 25 psig (1.72bar).
• ANSI / ASME - EN / DIN - JIS flange compatibility,
Sizes
GOST • 2 x 3 inches (50 x 80mm)
• ASME “UD” stamped, Section VII, Division I • 3 x 4 inches (80 x 100mm)
• Pressure Equipment Directive “CE” marked • 4 x 6 inches (100 x 150mm)
• 6 x 8 inches (150 x 200mm)
BPAV Capabilities • 8 x 10 inches (200 x 250mm)
Orifice
Set pressure
Inlet size Outlet size Flow area* (designator) Media Code section
range
diameter
1 NPS 1.5 NPS 0.86 in2 1.046 in 15-1440 psi Air VIII Div 1
1.5 NPS 2 NPS 2.04 in2 1.612 in 15-1440 psi Air VIII Div 1
2
2 NPS 3 NPS 3.36 in 2.067 in 15-720 psi Air VIII Div 1
2
3 NPS 4 NPS 7.39 in 3.067 in 15-720 psi Air VIII Div 1
2
4 NPS 6 NPS 12.73 in 4.026 in 15-275 psi Air VIII Div 1
6 NPS 8 NPS 28.89 in2 6.065 in 15-275 psi Air VIII Div 1
2
8 NPS 10 NPS 50.03 in 7.981 in 15-275 psi Air VIII Div 1
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BPAV Continued
BPAV dimensions
A B C D E F G H I
in mm
in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm
1 x 1.5 25 x 40 48 356 0.7 18 1.1 27 4.9 124 0.8 21 1.6 41 6.1 155.5 4.1 104.8 4.5 114.3
1.5 x 2 40 x 50 15 381 0.8 21 1.6 41 6.1 156 0.9 22 2.1 53 6.5 165 4.9 123.8 6.0 152.4
2x3 50 x 80 20 508 0.9 22 2.1 52 6.5 165 1.1 29 3.1 78 8.3 210 5.4 136.5 4.9 123.8
3x4 80 x 100 26 650 1.1 29 3.1 78 8.3 210 1.3 32 4.0 102 10.0 254 6.1 155.6 6.4 161.9
4x6 100 x 150 34 863 1.3 32 4.0 102 10.0 254 1.5 37 6.1 154 12.5 317.5 7.7 196.8 8.3 209.5
6x8 150 x 200 41 1041 1.5 37 6.1 154 12.5 318 1.7 42 8.0 203 15.0 381 9.5 240.0 9.5 241.0
8 x 10 200 x 250 55 1397 1.7 42 8.0 203 15.0 381 1.9 48 10.0 255 17.5 445 10.9 276.2 11 279.4
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BPPVTM Buckling Pin Pilot Valve
The BPPV is a buckling pin pilot valve ranging from 6 x 6 inches through 30 x 30
inches (150 x 150mm through 1,220 x 1,220mm) with a set pressure from 10 to 275
psig (0.69 to 18.96barg). Larger sizes to 48 x 48 inches are also available.
BPPV Capabilities
Orifice
Set pressure Code
Inlet size Outlet size Flow area (designator) Lift Media
range section
diameter
6 NPS 6 NPS 28.3 in2 6.0 in 3.0 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
8 NPS 8 NPS 49.0 in2 7.9 in 4.0 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
2
10 NPS 10 NPS 77.9 in 9.9 in 5.0 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
12 NPS 12 NPS 110.9 in2 11.9 in 6.0 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
14 NPS 14 NPS 135.2 in2 13.1 in 6.6 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
16 NPS 16 NPS 179.1 in2 15.1 in 7.6 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
2
18 NPS 18 NPS 229.1 in 17.1 in 8.5 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
20 NPS 20 NPS 285.3 in2 19.1 in 9.5 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
2
24 NPS 24 NPS 416.2 in 23.0 in 11.5 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
30 NPS 30 NPS 658.7 in2 29.0 in 14.5 in 15 - 275 psi Air VIII div 1
Standard Sizes
• 1 x 1 inch (25 x 25mm)
• 1.5 x 1.5 inches (40 x 40mm)
• 2 x 2 inches (50 x 50mm)
• 3 x 3 inches (80 x 80mm)
• 4 x 4 inches (100 x 100mm)
• 6 x 6 inches (150 x 150mm)
• 8 x 8 inches (200 x 200mm)
For individual valve dimensions, contact BS&B
Alternative sizes available upon request
11
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