Scribd
Upload
5 views

Image Processing lecture 3

The document discusses the fundamentals of image formation and digital cameras, detailing key components such as the iris, lens, shutter, and sensor. It explains how aperture size affects light intake and depth of field, as well as the role of shutter speed in capturing motion. Additionally, it covers calculations related to aperture diameter and the relationship between focal length, angle of view, and magnification.

Uploaded by

Frank Fang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Image Processing lecture 3

The document discusses the fundamentals of image formation and digital cameras, detailing key components such as the iris, lens, shutter, and sensor. It explains how aperture size affects light intake and depth of field, as well as the role of shutter speed in capturing motion. Additionally, it covers calculations related to aperture diameter and the relationship between focal length, angle of view, and magnification.

Uploaded by

Frank Fang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Image Formation

Luminance: Amount of Processing and Visualization


Radiance: Total energy that Energy an observer
flows from the light source (W) perceives (lumens(lm))

Sensors

Source of Light

Storage
Objects
A simple Formation Model
Sensors

Source of Light
Image F(x,y)
Ilumination: 0≤i(x,y) ≤∞
(lm/m2)

F(x,y)=i(x,y)*r(x,y) Objects
Reflectance 0≤r(x,y)≤1
Basics of Digital Cameras
Iris

The main components of a digital camera are: Iris,


lens, shutter, and sensor.
Basics of Digital Cameras
Iris

The iris controls the aperture of the camera,


determining the amount of light that reaches the
sensor.
Capturing Different Amounts of Light

Large Aperture Medium Aperture Small Aperture


Basics of Digital Cameras

The opening of the aperture is measured using the f-


number (f-stop); the diameter of the aperture is
determined by the focal length divided by f-stop
number.
.
Basics of Digital Cameras

Calculate the diameter of the aperture if we are using


lens with focal length of 50 mm and aperture of f/2.8.

What about an aperture of f/1.4?


2
Area f / 2.8 = π * (50 /(2.8 * 2) ) = 250.44mm 2
2
Area f /1.4 = π * (50 /(2 *1.4) ) = 1001.54.44mm 2

There is a difference of two stops between f/1.4 and f/2.8.


Shallow depth of field (large aperture)

Large depth of field (small aperture)

The opening or closing of the iris (aperture)


also controls the depth of field, it refers to the
amount of the image that is sharp.
Smaller Depth of Field(shallow) Larger Depth of Field

Some common values for portrait images: Some common values for landscape
f/1.4, f/2, or f/2.8 images: f/8, f/11, or f/16
Some common values for portrait
images: f/1.4, f/2, or f/2.8
Some common values
for landscape images:
f/8, f/11, or f/16
Basics of Digital Cameras
Iris

The lens focuses light onto the sensor. The focal length is
the distance from the point where all the light rays
converge inside the lens (optical center) to the sensor .
Focal length
35 mm

AOV
FOV

Sensor lens
Length of work

Focal length
35 mm

FOV

Sensor
Length of work
FOV: Field of view
AOV: Angle of view
Focal length
H=35 mm

AOV
FOV

Sensor lens Length of work

H FOV
=
Focal Length Length of work
Focal length AOV Magnification
Focal length
35 mm

AOV
FOV

Sensor lens
Length of work

Focal length
35 mm

FOV

Sensor
Length of work

Focal length AOV Magnification


Focal length AOV Magnification
Basics of Digital Cameras
Iris

The shutter regulates the length of time that the light is


admitted through the lens to the sensor (shutter speed).
The shutter speed can be as fast as 1/10,000 of a second or
as slow as several minutes.
Capturing Different Amounts of Light

Low Medium
High shutter
shutter speed shutter speed
speed
Fast shutter speeds have the effect of freezing
motion in the scene. Conversely, slow shutter
speeds will blur motion in a scene.
Shutter Speed

1/500 sec 1/8 sec


Shutter Speed

90 sec
Basics of Digital Cameras
Iris
Image Sensing
Incoming energy (e.g. light) lands on a sensor material
responsive to that type of energy, generating a voltage.
Collection of sensors are arranged to capture images.

You might also like