Pathloss Tool – Antenna Configuration

Nex-G Innovations

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This is a step by step procedure for Antenna Configuration

Step 1 – Select a link & left Click, this will open following option
a. Transmission Analysis

b. Terrain Data
c. Antenna Height
d. Multipath – Reflections
e. Diffraction Loss

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Step 2 – Select Transmission Analysis option

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Step 2 – Select Antenna Configuration Option

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Step 2 – Select Antenna Type

Step 2.1 - Select TR-TR Option

A single antenna is used at each site to transmit and receive.

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For especially long hops where multipath problems are as a result of

reflections on a plane, fading at the receiving antenna becomes a big
problem.

Here a signal may experience deep fading due to destructive interference.

A second receive antenna is normally put below the main one with a vertical
separation from the first antenna.

This way we create a second set of delay combinations.

This technique is called Space Diversity.

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Selective fading will occur at different frequency notches in the two received
signals (one at each antenna) due to different delays.

This creates a significantly higher probability of receiving an undistorted

signal.

Microwave radios use two receivers, one for each antenna, to receive the
signals and select the better of the two.

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Step 2.2 - Select TRDR-TRDR Option

Two antennas are used at each site in a space diversity configuration.

The TR antenna is used to transmit and receive.

The DR antenna is the diversity receive only antenna.

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Step 2.3 - Select TXRX-TXRX Option

Two antennas are used at each site to transmit (TX) and receive (RX).

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Step 2.4 - Select TXRXDR-TXRXDR Option

Three antennas are used at each site to transmit (TX), receive (RX) and space diversity receive
(DR).

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Step 2.5 - Select TX-RX Option

Used for one way communication.

Transmit at one site and receive at the other.

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Step 2.6 - Select TX-RXDR Option

Transmit at one site and diversity receive at the other.

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Step 2.7 - Select RX-TX Option

Receive at one site and transmit at the other.

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Step 2.8 - Select RXDR-TX Option

Transmit at one site and diversity receive at the other.

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Step 2.9 - Select TR-TRTH Option

This is a hybrid diversity configuration which uses frequency diversity in both directions and space
diversity at one end of the path only.

Involves using multiple frequency channels for transmission. Transmitting the same information
over different frequencies helps reduce the impact of frequency-selective fading and interference.
At the space diversity end, the TR antenna and TH antenna each transmit and receive one pair of
the frequencies.

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Step 2.10 - Select TRTH-TR Option

This is a hybrid diversity configuration which uses frequency diversity in both directions and space
diversity at one end of the path only.

Involves using multiple frequency channels for transmission. Transmitting the same information
over different frequencies helps reduce the impact of frequency-selective fading and interference.
At the space diversity end, the TR antenna and TH antenna each transmit and receive one pair of
the frequencies.

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Step 2.11 - Select TR-TXRX Option

A single antenna is used at Site 1 to transmit and receive.

Separate antennas are used at site 2 to transmit and receive.

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Step 2.12 - Select TXRX-TR Option

This is the reverse configuration of the above TR-TXRX configuration.

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Channel Configuration
Various configurations and techniques are employed in microwave transmission to ensure reliable
and efficient communication.

• 1+0 Configuration: Single-channel configuration where a single radio carrier is used for
transmission without specific protection or redundancy.

• 1+1 Configuration: Dual-channel configuration where two identical radio carriers operate
simultaneously. The receiver selects the better of the two signals, providing protection against
fading or outages.

• 2+0 Configuration:Two-channel configuration where two separate radio carriers operate

independently, often used for capacity increase or load balancing without additional protection.

• 2+2 Configuration:Four-channel configuration with two carriers operating independently in

each direction (uplink and downlink). Enhances both capacity and reliability.

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Step 3 - Set Antenna Parameters

Click on the Antenna

Note – Radome Loss – It occurs beyond the antenna. These losses are frequently added as part
of the system insertion loss when performing coupling calculations.

Insert Antenna Model as per your requirement.

Once all parameters are loaded. Click √

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THANK YOU !

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