ML Aggarwal RS Aggarwal Goyal S.

Chand Selina Dalal Nootan

Structure of Chromosome Part-B Long and structured Questions Class-10 Goyal Brothers
ICSE Biology Solutions Ch-2
May 4, 2022 by PANDEY TUTORIAL

Structure of Chromosome Part-B Long and structured Questions Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology
Solutions Ch-2. We Provide Solutions of Long Answer Type Questions and Structured Type Questions of
Exercise-2 Structure of Chromosomes. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE
Board Class-10 Biology.

Structure of Chromosome Part-B Long and Structured Questions

Class-10 Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Ch-2

Board ICSE

Publications Goyal Brothers publications

Subject Biology

Class 10th

Writer Dr. K.K. Aggrawal

Chapter-2 Structure of Chromosomes Part-B

Topics Solutions of Long Answer Type Questions and Structured Questions

Edition for 2022-2023 Academic Session

Note :- Before Viewing Goyal Brothers Solutions of Chapter-2 Part-B Structure of Chromosomes. Read
the whole chapter carefully with figure. Make a self written notes including Phases of Mitosis.
 D. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Ch-2 Part-B Structure of Chromosomes Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions

(Page-28)

Question 1: What are nucleosomes? Draw the structure of one nucleosome along with DNA strand.

Answer : A nucleosome is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins. Inside the
nucleus, DNA forms a complex with proteins called chromatin, which allows the DNA to be condensed
into a smaller volume. When the chromatin is extended and viewed under a microscope, the structure
resembles beads on a string

Question 2: Explain the structure of a chromosome.

Answer :

The chromosome is the condensed and compactly arranged structure of the DNA with the help of
histone proteins H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. This is the structure which can be visible during the
metaphase of cell division. This condensed packing allows the long DNA in the eukaryotes to be packed
in the nucleus of the cell.

There are two arms known as the p-arm and the q-arm. There is a constriction which is known as the
centromere where the kinetochore is formed for the attachment of the spindle fibres during the cell
division. The position of the centromere decides the type of the chromosome as metacentric,
submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric. There is telomere at the end of te arm which are highly
condensed regions like the centromere. There are high condensed heterochromatin and less condensed
euchromatin regions.
Question 3: Mention the changes you observe in the structure of chromosomes in different stages of
cell cycle.

Answer :
Interphase: In interphase, cells grow in size and volume and prepare for the next cell division. It is
divided into three phases:

First growth phase (G1):RNA and proteins are synthesised, and the volume of the cytoplasm
increases.
Synthesis phase (S):DNA is synthesised and chromosomes are duplicated.
Second growth phase (G2):RNA and proteins continue to be synthesised.

Mitosis:

Mitosis is the division of somatic cells in which two identical daughter cells are produced by the division
of one parent cell.

It consists of the following phases:

Karyokinesis: It is the division of the nucleus during cell division.

Cytokinesis: It is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division.

Karyokinesis:

It occurs in four phases:

Prophase: During prophase, chromatinfibres condense and thick chromosomes are visible. The
nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear. A pair of centrioles duplicates. The spindle
apparatus starts forming.
Metaphase: Chromosomes are arranged on the metaphase plate or equatorial plane.
Anaphase: The centromere divides, and the sister chromatids separate from each other.
Spindlefibres contract and pull chromatids towards opposite poles.
Telophase: Spindle apparatus disappears. Chromosomes become thin and turn into
chromatinfibres. Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear.

Question 4: State the importance of chromosomes.

Answer : Chromosomes are very important because they contain vast majority of genetic information
of organism. The organism’s DNA is contained within the chromosome as a long series of nucleotides
thar are organised into genes. And helps to inherit the characters of parents to their offsprings

E. STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

Part-B Ch-2 Cell cycle and Cell Division Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions

(Page-28)
Question 1: Look at the given figure and write the name of each part (a) to (d) :

Answer :

a. chromatid

b. centromere

c. spindle microtubule

d. kinetochore

Question 2: Give the correct sequence of the process of DNA replication :

Answer :

correct order is = a, b ,c, d

Question 3: Look at the given diagram and answer the questions followed :

(i) Name the parts labelled as (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).
(ii) Name the possible combinations of nitrogenous bases.

Answer :

(i) (a)= base, (b)= hydrogen bond, (c) = base , (d)= sugar and (e) = phosphate

(ii) the possible combinations of nitrogenous bases

Guanine and adenine are double-ringed purine molecules.

Cytosine, thymine and uracil are single-ringed pyrimidine molecules

Question 4: Given below is a diagram of a double helical structure of DNA :

(i) Name the four nitrogenous bases that from a DNA molecule.

(ii) Give the full form of DNA.

(iii) Name the unit of heredity.

(iv) Mentions two points of differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Answer :

(i) Adenine, Guanine, Cytocine, Thymine

(ii) De-oxy Ribosenucleic Acid.
(iii) Genes.
(iv)

Mitosis Meiosis

(1) Occurs in somatic cells. (1) Occurs in reproductive cells.

(2) Produces two daughter cells. (2) Produces four daughter cells

— : End of Structure of Chromosome Part-B Long and structured Questions Solutions :–

Return to :- ICSE Biology for Class 10 Goyal Brothers Prakashan solutions

Genetics Mendel Law ICSE Class ICSE ISC Result Date 2025: Result
10 Biology Notes Ch-3 will be live Today
Sets Class 11 OP Malhotra Exe-
1H ISC Maths Solutions

ICSE BIOLOGY CLASS 10, ICSE BOARD, ICSE CLASS 10

Leave a Comment

Name *

Email *

Website

Post Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

© 2025 ICSEHELP