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Sustainable development

The document discusses sustainable economic development, emphasizing the importance of meeting present needs without compromising future generations. It outlines the principles, objectives, and consequences of unbalanced development, highlighting various environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and deforestation. Additionally, it details measures and steps taken by the Indian Government to address environmental pollution through various acts and initiatives.

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Gunjan Arora
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39 views8 pages

Sustainable development

The document discusses sustainable economic development, emphasizing the importance of meeting present needs without compromising future generations. It outlines the principles, objectives, and consequences of unbalanced development, highlighting various environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and deforestation. Additionally, it details measures and steps taken by the Indian Government to address environmental pollution through various acts and initiatives.

Uploaded by

Gunjan Arora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECONOMICS

UNIT – 5

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
"Sustainable Development is development that meets the need of
present without compromising the ability of future generation to
meet their own need."
Concept of Sustainable Development
The Brundtland commission's definition and approach to
environment conservation was completely different from the
conventional one.

CONVENTIONAL APPROACH
o The environment was considered a separate entry.
o Environment protection agencies were added to the existing
government structures to address environment issues.

Sustainable Development
o The environment is where we live and development is what
we all do to improve our lives.
o Government agencies and major departments play key roles
in national decision making, and consequently in determining
whether environmental resources are maintained and
protected.
o The focus is on correcting the policies that are the source or
root cause of adverse environmental effects

.
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Living within environment limits
Achieving a sustainable economy
Promoting good
Using science responsibly
Ensuring strong, healthy, and just society

OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


o Economic Growth
o Environment Protection
o Social Inclusion
o Cultural Diversity

CONSEQUENCES OF UNBALANCED DEVELOPMENT


o Earth natural resources have been use in an inefficient and
wasteful manner that has resulted in poor air quality and
overall climate change.
o Greenhouse gas emissions are rising alarmingly, and the
world is on path to raise the average global temperature by
more than 3 degree Celsius in this century itself.
o The world is already experiencing the repercussions of climate
change, from sea level rise and melting glaciers to more
extreme weather patterns and destruction of ecosystem and
bio diversity.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR SUSTAINABLE


DEVELOPMENT
o Proper use of means and resources.
o Development of positive attitude and holistic approach
towards conservation.
o Integrated socio- economic development.
o Development based on people's participation.
o Limited development.
o Long-lasting development.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES / PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Issues
Environmental issues are the harmful effects of human activities
on the environment. These include pollution, overpopulation,
waste disposal, climate change, global warming, the greenhouse
effect, etc.

Various environment protection programs are being practised


at the individual, organizational and government levels with the
aim of establishing a balance between man and the
environment.

Some of the current environmental issues that require urgent


attention are:

Climate Change
Climate change is a great concern in today’s scenario. This
problem has surfaced in the last few decades. Greenhouse
gases are the major cause of climate change. Environmental
changes have several destructive impacts such as the melting
of glaciers, change in seasons, epidemics, etc.

Global Warming
The burning of fossil fuels, emissions from automobiles and
chlorofluorocarbons add to the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. This has led to an increase in the earth’s
temperature causing environmental changes. This increase in
temperature across the globe is known as global warming.

Ozone Layer Depletion


The ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas. It protects
us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. This very important
layer is being destroyed by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), which
are used in industries and everyday life (e.g. aerosol cans).

The chlorine in these compounds destroys the ozone layer. The


hole in the ozone layer leaves humans and wildlife exposed to
harmful UV rays resulting in several skin diseases including
cancer.

Water Pollution
The introduction of harmful substances into rivers, oceans, lakes
and ponds, which changes the physical, chemical or biological
condition of the water is called water pollution. The polluted
water lacks oxygen and therefore the organisms die.

Water is the main source of life and therefore it is our prime duty
to prevent it from any kind of pollution.

Air Pollution
Air pollution is the result of emissions from industries,
automobiles, and the increasing use of fossil fuels. The gaseous
emissions have added to an increase in the temperature of the
earth. Not only this, but it had also increased the risk of diseases
among individuals.

Solid Waste Management


Solid-waste management is defined as the discipline
associated with the generation, storage, collection, transfer and
transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in a manner
that it does not have a harmful effect on the environment.

Deforestation
Deforestation is the depletion of trees and forests at an
alarming rate. The trees provide us with oxygen, and several raw
materials and also maintain the temperature of the earth. Due
to the depletion of trees for commercial purposes, there has
been a drastic change in the earth’s climate.

Forests are an abode to a large number of wild animals and


plants. Destruction of forests has led to the elimination of a large
number of plants and animal species affecting biodiversity.

Overpopulation
The earth’s population is increasing drastically. It is estimated to
be more than seven billion. The increasing population has led to
a shortage of resources. If this continues, it will be very difficult to
sustain such a huge population. The other environmental issues
including pollution, waste management, deforestation, climate
change and global warming are all associated with
overpopulation.

Solutions to Environmental Issues


Following are some of the most common solutions to the
environmental issue:

1. Replace disposal items with reusable items.


2. The use of paper should be avoided.
3. Conserve water and electricity.
4. Support environmental friendly practices.
5. Recycle waste to conserve natural resources.
The steps have been taken by the Indian
Government to prevent environmental pollution.

Introduction:

Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing issues that


the world is facing today, and India is no exception. The Indian
Government has taken several steps to address this problem,
including the establishment of various policies, regulations, and
programs aimed at reducing pollution levels. In this essay, we
will examine some of the steps that the Indian Government has
taken to prevent environmental pollution.

1. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,


1981:
The Indian Government passed the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act in 1981, which aims to
prevent and control air pollution. The Act provides for
the establishment of pollution control boards at the
national, state, and local levels, which are
responsible for implementing measures to control air
pollution.

2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)


Act, 1974:
The Indian Government also passed the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1974,
which aims to prevent and control water pollution.
The Act provides for the establishment of pollution
control boards at the national, state, and local levels,
which are responsible for implementing measures to
control water pollution.

3. The National Green Tribunal:


The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established
in 2010 to handle environmental disputes and impose
penalties on violators of environmental laws. The
NGT has the power to hear cases related to air and
water pollution, hazardous waste management, and
other environmental issues.

4. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:


The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)
was launched in 2014 to clean up India's streets,
roads, and infrastructure. The mission aims to
eliminate open defecation, promote sanitation, and
reduce the amount of litter and waste on the streets.

5. The National Clean Energy Fund:


The National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) was
established in 2010 to support the development of
clean energy technologies and promote their
adoption in India. The fund is used to support
research and development, as well as to finance
projects related to clean energy.

6. The National Action Plan on Climate Change:


The National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC) was launched in 2008 to address the
challenges posed by climate change. The plan aims
to promote sustainable development, reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the
resilience of India's ecosystems.

7. The National River Conservation Plan:


The National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) was
launched in 1985 to address the problem of pollution
in India's rivers. The plan aims to improve the water
quality of India's rivers by reducing pollution levels
and improving sewage treatment facilities.

8. The National Mission for a Green India:


The National Mission for a Green India (NMGI) was
launched in 2014 to increase the country's forest
cover and promote sustainable forest management
practices. The mission aims to increase the country's
forest cover from 21.34% to 33% and create
employment opportunities for local communities.

9. The National Bio-Diversity Act, 2002:


The National Bio-Diversity Act was enacted in 2002
to conserve India's rich biodiversity and promote
sustainable use of its natural resources. The act
provides a legal framework for the conservation and
sustainable use of

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