SRM Institute of Science and Technology

College of Engineering and Technology Set A QP

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, TamilNadu
Academic Year: 2022-2023 (ODD SEM)

Test: CLAT 3 (Batch 1 – 8.00am to 9.40am) Date: 08.11.2023

Course Code & Title: 18ECC301T Wireless Communication Duration: 2 periods
Year & Sem: IV Year / 7th Max. Marks: 50

Course Articulation Matrix: (to be placed)

18ECC301T - Wireless Program Outcomes (POs)
Communication
Graduate Attributes PSO
COs Course Outcomes (COs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Interpret the concepts of Wireless communication
CO-1 and basic cellular networks 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 - - -
Analyze different Radio wave propagation
CO-2 models for cellular communication - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3

Apply different multipath propagation channel - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2

CO-3 models in wireless systems
Illustrate the Link performance - 3 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 3
CO-4 improvement techniques
Summarize different wireless communication - - 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - -
CO-5 standards and systems

Part A (10 X 1 = 10 marks)

Answer All Questions

Q. Question Marks BL CO PO
No
1 In maximal ratio combining the output SNR is equals to
a) Mean of all individual SNRs b) Maximum of all SNRs 1 1 4 7
c) Sum of individual SNR d) Minimum of all SNRs
2 Which of these is a necessary condition for optimal power allocation?
a) Average transmit power is constant
b) Channel state information known at the transmitter 1 1 4 7
c) Channel state information known at the receiver
d) Increased transmit power
3 If the channel is bandlimited to 6 kHz & signal to noise ratio is 16, what would be
the capacity of channel?
1 1 4 2
a) 15.15 kbps b)30.12 kbps c)43.24 kbps d)24.52
kbps
4 A RAKE receiver collects the __________ versions of the original signal
a)Time shifted b) Amplitude shifted 1 1 4 2
c)Frequency shifted d) Phase shifted
5 Equalization is used to compensate __________.
a)Peak signal to noise ratio b)Inter symbol interference 1 1 4 2
c)Channel fading d)Noises present in the signal
6 A hyper frame in GSM, consists of ---------------- super frames
1 1 5 6
a) 256 b)512 c)1024 d)2048
7 ISI occur only when ____ offset differs from CP duration.
1 1 5 3
a) Time b) Space c)Frequency d) Code
8 The troubles that OFDM faces over other spread spectrum techniques are
1. Sensitivity to Doppler shift
2. Frequency synchronization problems 1 1 5 3
3. Time synchronization problems
4. Low efficiency due to guard intervals
 a) 1,2 and 3 are correct b) 2 and 3 are correct
c) 1, 2 and 4 are correct d) 1 and 3 are correct
9 In IS-95 the forward and reverse channel pair is separated by -----
1 1 5 6
a) 45KHz b) 45MHz c) 35 KHz d) 35 MHz
10 In GSM super frame how many multi frames are available?
a) 51 b) 29 c) 53 d) 26 1 1 5 3

Part – B1
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
11 Recall Selection and Combining Diversity, give advantage and disadvantage. 4 2 4 2

12 Consider a wireless channel where power falloff with distance follows the formula 4 2 4 2
P r (d)=Pt (d0/d )3 for d0 = 10 m. Assume the channel has bandwidth B = 30 kHz and
AWGN with noise PSD N0/2 , where N0 = 10−9 W/ Hz. For a transmit power of 1 W,
find the capacity of this channel for a transmit–receive distance of 100 m and 1 km.

13 Draw the block diagram of Adaptive equalizer. 4 1 4 2

Part – B2
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
14 State the advantages and disadvantages of OFDM, give some popular standards 2+2 3 5 3
that use OFDM
15 List the forward link channels in CDMA IS -95 and also specify its use. 4 2 5 3

16 Detail the GSM services available. 4 1 5 6

Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17 a) Elaborate the working principle of RAKE receiver in CDMA systems with a 12 3 4 7
neat sketch.

OR

b) Explain the following combining techniques with neat diagram: 6+6 3 4 7

i) maximal ratio combining
ii) equal gain combining
18 a)i)Discuss elaborately the GSM Architecture and interfaces with necessary 10+2 3 5 6
diagram.
ii)If a normal GSM time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25 guard bits, 26 training
bits, and 2 traffic bursts of 58 bits of data, find the frame efficiency.

OR

b) Elucidate in detail the OFDM Transmitter and Receiver block diagrams, summarize
its working principle. 12 3 5 6

Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

BL Coverage (%)
CO Coverage (%)

50
60
40
50
40 30
30 20
20
10
10
0 0
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 BL-1 BL-2 BL-3
 Evaluation Sheet

Name of the Student:

Register No.:

Part- A (10 * 1= 10 Marks)

Q. No CO PO Max. Marks Mark Obtained Total
1 4 7 1
2 4 2 1
3 4 7 1
4 4 2 1
5 4 2 1
6 5 6 1
7 5 3 1
8 5 3 1
9 5 6 1
10 5 3 1
Part- B1 (2*4= 8 Marks)
11 4 2 4
12 4 2 4
13 4 2 4
Part- B2 (2*4= 8 Marks)
14 5 3 4
15 5 3 4
16 5 6 4
Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17a 4 7 12
17b 4 7 12
18a 5 6 12
18b 5 6 12

Consolidated Marks:
CO Max.Marks Mark Obtained
4 41
5 41
Total 82

PO Max.Marks Mark Obtained

2 15
3 11
6 30
7 26
Total 82

Signature of the Course Teacher

 SRM Institute of Science and Technology
College of Engineering and Technology Set A
DEPARTMENT OF ECE Ans Key
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, TamilNadu
Academic Year: 2022-2023 (ODD SEM)

Test: CLAT 3 (Batch 1 – 8.00am to 9.40am) Date: 08.11.2023

Course Code & Title: 18ECC301T Wireless Communication Duration: 2 periods
Year & Sem: IV Year / 7th Max. Marks: 50

Course Articulation Matrix: (to be placed)

18ECC301T - Wireless Program Outcomes (POs)
Communication
Graduate Attributes PSO
COs Course Outcomes (COs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Interpret the concepts of Wireless communication
CO-1 and basic cellular networks 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 - - -
Analyze different Radio wave propagation
CO-2 models for cellular communication - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3

Apply different multipath propagation channel - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2

CO-3 models in wireless systems
Illustrate the Link performance
CO-4 - 3 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 3
improvement techniques
Summarize different wireless communication - - 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - -
CO-5 standards and systems

Part A (10 X 1 = 10 marks)

Answer All Questions

Q. Question Marks BL CO PO
No
1 c) 1 1 4 7
2 b) 1 1 4 7
3 d) 1 1 4 2
4 a) 1 1 4 2
5 b) 1 1 4 2
6 d) 1 1 5 6
7 a) 1 1 5 3
8 c) 1 1 5 3
9 b) 1 1 5 6
10 a) Or d) 1 1 5 3
Part – B1
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
11 Selection diversity: In selection diversity the best signal copy is selected and 4 2 4 2
processed (demodulated and decoded), while all other copies are discarded.

Advantage: Requires only one RF (down conversion) chain.

Disadvantage: Selection diversity wastes signal energy by discarding copies of the

received signal

Combining diversity: In combining diversity all copies of the signal are combined
(before or after the demodulator), and the combined signal is decoded.

Advantage: Combining diversity leads to better performance, as all available

information is exploited.

Disadvantage: It requires a more complex RX than selection diversity. A RX with

combining diversity needs to down convert all available signals, and combine them
 appropriately in the baseband. Thus, it requires antenna elements as well as
complete Radio Frequency (RF) (down conversion) chains.

12 4 2 4 2

13 Draw the block diagram of Adaptive equalizer 4 1 4 2

Part – B2
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
14 Advantages of OFDM : 2+2 3 5 3
More resistance to frequency selective fading
Very resilient to inter-symbol and inter-frame interference
Efficient use of the available spectrum using close-spaced overlapping sub-carriers
Eliminates ISI and IFI by the use of a cyclic prefix
High transmission bit rates
Low sensitivity to time synchronization error
Disadvantages of OFDM
Require highly linear amplifier
Sensitive to carrier offset and drift
Sensitive to frequency synchronization problems
Inter-carrier interference between the sub-carrier
Loss of efficiency caused by cyclic prefix or guard of interval
High power transmitter amplifier needs linearization
High peak to average power ratio
 Popular Standards
-802.11a/g/n WLAN
-802.16e/WiMAX
-LTE
-DVB-T/H
-ATSC-M/H

15 List and present the use of forward link channels in CDMA IS -95 4 2 5 3

16 Detail the GSM services available. 4 1 5 6

Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17 a)Elaborate the working principle of RAKE receiver in CDMA systems with a neat 12 3 4 7
sketch.
Explanation: 8 marks
Diagram: 4 marks
Rake Receiver is used in CDMA-based Code Division Multiple Access systems and
can combine multipath components, which are time-delayed versions of the original
signal transmission. Combining is done in order to improve the signal to noise ratio
at the receiver. RAKE receiver attempts to collect the time-shifted versions of the
original signal by providing a separate correlation receiver for each of the multipath
signals. This can be done due to multipath components are practically uncorrelated
from another when their relative propagation delay exceeds a chip period. Due to
reflections from obstacles a radio channel can consist of many copies of originally
transmitted signals having different amplitudes, phases, and delays. If the signal
components arrive more than duration of one chip apart from each other, a RAKE
receiver can be used to resolve and combine them. The RAKE receiver uses a
multipath diversity principle. Multipath can occur in radio channel in various ways
such as, reflection and diffraction from buildings, and scattering from trees .
 OR

b) Explain the following combining techniques with neat diagram:

i) maximal ratio combining (explanation 4 marks diag: 2 marks)
ii) equal gain combining (explanation 4 marks diag: 2 marks)

Maximal Ratio Combining Technique:

Signal from all of the N-branches are weighted according to the SNR’s and then
summed.
Signal must be co-phased.
Output SNR = Sum of the individual SNR’s
The concept of this method is that all the branch signals [N] are combined coherently
with necessary weighting coefficients for every diversity branch signal so that the
reduction of fading will be better leading to overall improvement of system
performance. A block diagram for this method is shown in the figure below. Unlike
selection diversity, the signals are co-phased before the addition process and for this,
individual receiver and phasing circuits are a must for all the antenna elements. In
the output, signal of maximal ratio combiner will be such that the sum of individual
signal to noise ratio (SNR) values will be equal to the SNR of output signal measured
• Maximal ratio combiner generates an acceptable SNR value.
• Accuracy is high.
• Produces the best reduction of fading
6+6 3 4 7
 • Weight branches for maximum SNR
• MRC produces an output SNR equal to sum of the individual SNR.
It produces an output with an acceptable SNR even when none of the individual
signals are themselves acceptable
Equal gain combining technique:
Branch weight are all set to unity.
Signal from each antenna is co-phased.
Make use of energy in all branches.
Performance is marginally inferior to MRC and superior to selection diversity.
In the equal gain combining, all the diversity branches are coherently added with a
same weighting factor. On the other hand, this scheme also co-phases all the
diversity branches and finally adds them up. As the signals are co-phased from all
branches, they provide an equal gain factor. When compared to maximal ratio
combining, the configuration of this method is simple. By applying equal gain
combining, it is convenient for the receiver to get back the signals .

⮚ In EGC, each signal branch weighted with the same factor, irrespective of the signal
amplitude.
⮚ However, co-phasing of all signal is needed to avoid signal cancellation.
⮚ EGC is simpler to implement than MRC.
⮚ The adaptively controller amplifiers / attenuators are not needed.
No channel amplitude estimation is needed
18 a)i)Discuss elaborately the GSM Architecture and interfaces with necessary 10+2 3 5 6
diagram.
GSM Architecture Explanation: 4 marks
Diagram: 4 marks
GSM interfaces: 2 marks
Problem : 2 marks

GSM System Architecture:

It consists of three major interconnected subsystems that interact between
themselves.
– Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
– Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS)
– Operation Support Subsystem(OSS)
GSM Interfaces
1. GSM radio air interface
2. Abis Interface
3. A interface
4. SS7
The interface which connects a BTS to a BSC is called the Abis interface. The Abis
interface carries traffic and maintenance data, and is specified by GSM to be
standardized for all manufacturers.
The interface between a BSC and a MSC is called the A interface, which is
standardized within GSM.
The A interface uses an SS7 protocol called the Signaling Correction Control Part
(SCCP) which supports communication between the MSC and the BSS, as well as
network messages between the individual subscribers and the MSC.

ii)If a normal GSM time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25 guard bits, 26
training bits, and 2 traffic bursts of 58 bits of data, find the frame efficiency.

OR
b) Elucidate in detail the OFDM Transmitter and Receiver block diagrams, summarize 12 3 5 6
its working principle.

Explanation: 6 marks
Diagrams : 6 marks
 SRM Institute of Science and Technology
College of Engineering and Technology Set B
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu
Academic Year: 2022-2023 (ODD SEM)

Test: CLAT 3 (Batch 2 – 12.30 PM to 2.15 PM) Date: 08.11.2023

Course Code & Title: 18ECC301T Wireless Communication Duration: 2 periods
Year & Sem: IV Year / 7th Max. Marks: 50

Course Articulation Matrix: (to be placed)

18ECC301T - Wireless Program Outcomes (POs)
Communication
Graduate Attributes PSO
COs Course Outcomes (COs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Interpret the concepts of Wireless
CO-1 communication and basic cellular 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 - - -
networks
Analyze different Radio wave
CO-2 propagation models for cellular - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3
communication
Apply different multipath propagation channel - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
CO-3 models in wireless systems
Illustrate the Link performance - 3 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 3
CO-4 improvement techniques
Summarize different wireless communication - - 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - -
CO-5 standards and systems

Part A (10 X 1 = 10 marks)

Answer All Questions

Q. Question Marks BL CO PO
No
1 With the same average SNR, the Shannon capacity of a fading channel
with only receiver CSI is _____________ the Shannon capacity of an
AWGN channel.
1 1 4 7
a) Greater Than b) Greater than or Equal to
b) Equal to d) Less than

2 The capacity of this channel is given by

a) b) 1 1 4 7
d)
3 What capacity is defined as the maximum rate that can be transmitted over a
channel with some outage probability corresponding to the probability that the
transmission cannot be decoded with negligible error probability
1 1 4 2
a) Shannon Capacity b) Outage Capacity
c) Ergodic capacity d) Channel Capacity

4 RAKE receiver uses separate _________ to provide the time shifted

version of the signal.
a) IF receiver b) Equalizer 1 1 4 2
c) Correlation receiver d) Channel

5 Flat fading channel is also known as _______________.

a) Amplitude varying channel b) Wideband channel 1 1 4 2
c) Phase varying channel d) Frequency varying channel
6 _____ manages the switching function in GSM. 1 1 5 6
 a) Mobile Switching center b) Operation Support Subsystem
c) Network and Switching Subsystem d)Base Station Subsystem
7 ISI occur only when ____ offset differs from CP duration.
a) Time b) Space 1 1 5 3
c)Frequency d) Code
8 Associate the technique which demands strict synchronization in frequency &
time to preserve orthogonality?

a) OFDM b) FDMA 1 1 5 3
c) TDMA d) SDMA

9 IS-95 channel occupies _______ of spectrum on each one-way

link.
1 1 5 6
a) 2.5 KHz b) 1.25MHz
c) 12.5 KHz d) 1.25 KHz
10 In GSM multiframe how many frames are available?

a) 29 b) 28 c) 27 d) 26 1 1 5 3

Part – B1
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
11 Explain the following diversity techniques: 4 2 4 2

i) Time diversity ii) Interleaving

12 Mention the need of an Equalizer in a communication system. 4 2 4 2

13 Describe outage probability and multiplexing gain of a MIMO channel 4 1 4

2
Part – B2
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
14 Draw the GSM frame structure. How many frames are made into multi, super 4 3 5 3
and hyper frames?
15 Explain with diagram the receiver operation of OFDM system 4 2 5 3

16 List out the importance of Cyclic Prefix in OFDM system 4 1 5 6

Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17 a) Explain the working principle of RAKE receiver in CDMA systems with a 12 3 4 7
neat block diagram

OR

b) Explain the following combining techniques with neat diagram:

i) Selection combining
ii) Feedback combining
18 a) i)If GSM uses a frame structure where each frame consists of S time slots, 4 3 5 6
and each time slot contains 156.25 bits, and data is transmitted at 270.833 kbps
in the channel, find (a) the time duration of a bit, (b) the time duration of a
slot,(c) the time duration of a frame, and(d) how long must a user occupying a
single time slot must wait between two simultaneous transmissions.
8
ii)With a neat block diagram GSM operation from speech input to speech
output.

OR

b) Explain in detail about IS-95 forward channel with relevant block diagram. 12
Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

CO Coverage (%) BL Coverage (%)

60 50
50 40
40
30
30
20
20
10 10

0 0
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 BL-1 BL-2 BL-3

Approved by the Course Coordinator

Evaluation Sheet

Name of the Student:

Register No.:

Part- A (10 * 1= 10 Marks)

Q. No CO PO Max. Marks Mark Obtained Total
1 4 7 1
2 4 2 1
3 4 7 1
4 4 2 1
5 4 2 1
6 5 6 1
7 5 3 1
8 5 3 1
9 5 6 1
10 5 3 1
Part- B1 (2*4= 8 Marks)
11 4 2 4
12 4 2 4
13 4 2 4
Part- B2 (2*4= 8 Marks)
14 5 3 4
15 5 3 4
16 5 6 4
Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17a 4 7 12
17b 4 7 12
18a 5 6 12
18b 5 6 12
 Consolidated Marks:
CO Max.Marks Mark Obtained
4 41
5 41
Total 82

PO Max.Marks Mark Obtained

2 15
3 11
6 30
7 26
Total 82

Signature of the Course Coordinator Signature of the Course Teacher

 SRM Institute of Science and Technology
OFFLINE
College of Engineering and Technology
SET B
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu
Academic Year: 2022-23 (ODD)

Test: CLAT-3 Date: 8/11/2023

Course Code & Title: 18ECC301T, WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Duration: 2 Period
Year & Sem: IV & VII Max. Marks: 50

Course Articulation Matrix:

18ECC301T - Wireless
Program Outcomes (POs)
Communication
Graduate Attributes PSO
COs Course Outcomes (COs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Interpret the concepts of Wireless
CO-1 communication and basic cellular 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 - - -
networks
Analyze different Radio wave
CO-2 propagation models for cellular - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3
communication
Apply different multipath propagation
CO-3 - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
channel models in wireless systems
Illustrate the Link performance
CO-4 - 3 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 3
improvement techniques
Summarize different wireless
CO-5 - - 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - -
communication standards and systems

Part A
10 x 1 =
10marks
Q.No Questions Marks BL CO PO

1 D 1 1 4 7
2 C 1 1 4 7
3 B 1 1 4 2
4 C
1 1 4 2
5 A
1 1 4 2
6 C
1 1 5 6
7 A
1 1 5 3
8 A
1 1 5 3
9 B
1 1 5 6
10 D
1 1 5 3
 Part – B1
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
11 Explain the following diversity techniques: 4 2 4 2
i) Time diversity (2 Marks)
• Time diversity is obtained by re-transmitting the same signal at separate interval of time.
• Time Diversity also does not require any increase in the transmission power.
• Repeatedly transmits information at the time spacing that exceeds the coherence time of the
channel.
• The time interval depends on the fading rate, and increases with the decrease in the rate of
fading.
• Multiple repetitions of the signals will be received with independent fading conditions, thereby
providing diversity.
• Our modern implementation of time diversity involves the use of RAKE receiver for spread
spectrum CDMA.
• Coherence Time is the time over which a fading signal can be considered to have similar
characteristics)

ii) Interleaving (2 marks)

• Used to Obtain time diversity without adding any overhead.
• Used in digital speech coders – wide range of voices in a uniform and efficient digital format.
• Interleaving’s only disadvantage is additional latency –receive the entire block of coded bits
before they can be put in order and decoded (and then converted into an audio signal, for
example). For different applications, latency requirements are different.
• Voice communications are typically the most latency-sensitive, and even cell phone voice data
is interleaved.
• The disadvantage is that temporal correlation can be very long for most applications, even for
vehicular communications.
• Packet retransmissions (e.g., TCP) can be viewed as time diversity.
• An interleaver is called a deep interleaver, if the condition dT s > Tc is satisfied.
• The deinterleaver is an array identical to the interleaver.
• Bits are read into the deinterleaver from the demodulator by column so that each row of the
deinterleaver contains a codeword (whose bits have been corrupted by the channel.)
• The deinterleaver output is read into the decoder by rows, i.e. one codeword at a time.

12 4 3 4 2
Equalization is a technique used to combat inter symbol interference(ISI).
An Equalizer within a receiver compensates for the average range of
expected channel amplitude and delay characteristics.
Equalizers must be adaptive as the channel is generally unknown and time
varying.
ISI has been recognized as the major obstacle to high speed data
transmission over mobile radio channels.
13 4 1 4 2

Part – B1
(2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
14 4 3 5 3

One multiframe contains 26 TDMA frames, and one superframe contains 51

multiframes, or 1326 TDMA frames.
A hyperframe contains 2048 superframes,
15 4 2 5 3

Diagram :3 marks
Explanation 3 marks

16 4 1 5 6

Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)

17a RAKE Receiver 12 3 4 6

Powerful form of time diversity available in spread spectrum systems → CDMA
Signal is transmitted once only
attempts to collect the time-shifted versions of the original signal by providing a
separate correlation receiver for each of the multipath signals.
Each correlation receiver may be adjusted in time delay, so that a microprocessor
controller can cause different correlation receivers to search in different time
windows for significant multipath.
The range of time delays that a particular correlator can search is called a search
window
 M branches or “fingers” = # of correlation Rx’s
Separately detect the M strongest signals
Weighted sum computed from M branches
faded signal → low weight
strong signal → high weight
overcomes fading of a signal in a single branch
OR
b i)Selection Combining
Select the Strongest Signal
The receiver branch having the highest instantaneous SNR is connected to the
demodulator.

ii) Feedback or Scanning Combining

Scan each antenna until a signal is found that is above predetermined threshold
If signal drops below threshold → rescan
Only one Rx is required (since only receiving one signal at a time), so less costly
→ still need multiple antennas

18a i) 4 3 5 7

ii)
 8

OR
b 12

IS -95 Forward channel structure

Up to 64 logical CDMA channels each occupying the same 1228-kHz bandwidth
Four types of channels:
Pilot (channel 0)
Continuous signal on a single channel
allows a mobile station to acquire timing for the Forward CDMA channel
Provides phase reference for demodulation process
provides each mobile with a means for signal strength comparisons between
base
stations for determining when to handoff.
Consists of all zeros
Synchronization (channel 32)
1200-bps channel used by mobile station to obtain identification information
about the
cellular system
provides each mobile with a means for signal strength comparisons base stations
for
determining when to handoff.
Paging (channels 1 to 7)
Contain messages for one or more mobile stations

Traffic (channels 8 to 31 and 33 to 63)

 55 traffic channels
Original specification supported data rates of up to 9600 bps
Revision added rates up to 14,400 bps

Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

CO Coverage (%) BL Coverage (%)

50
60
40
50
30
40
30 20

20 10
10 0
0 BL-1 BL-2 BL-3
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5

Approved by the Course Coordinator Signature of the Question paper sette