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fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj

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 ISBN 81-7450-590-3
lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr
çFke laLdj.k ‰ çdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl çdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk
ebZ 2006 T;s"B 1928 rFkk bysDVªkWfudh] e'khuh] iQksVksçfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZ±x vFkok fdlh vU; fof/
ls iqu% ç;ksx i¼fr }kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok çlkj.k oftZr gSA
iqueqZæ.k ‰ bl iqLrd dh fcØh bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd çdk'kd dh iwoZ

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vuqefr osQ fcuk ;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok
tuojh 2007 ek?k 1928 fdlh vU; çdkj ls O;kikj }kjk m/kjh ij] iqufoZØ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh
tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA
tuojh 2008 ek?k 1929 ‰ bl çdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfæzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok
tuojh 2009 ek?k 1930 fpidkbZ xbZ iphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh
la'kksf/r ewY; xyr gS rFkk ekU; ugha gksxkA

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tuojh 2010 ek?k 1931
,ulhbZvkjVh osQ izdk'ku izHkkx osQ dk;kZy;

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tuojh 2011 ikS"k 1932 ,ulhbZvkjVh oSaQil

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Jh vjfoan ekxZ
ekpZ 2013 iQkYxqu 1934
re R u;h fnYyh 110 016 iQksu % 011&26562708
tuojh 2013 vxzgk;.k 1935 108] 100 iQhV jksM
gsyh ,DlVsas'ku] gksLMsosQjs

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PD 2OT RPS cuk'kadjh III bLVst
cSaxyq# 560 085 iQksu % 080&26725740
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uothou VªLV Hkou
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a ku vkSj çf'k{k.k vgenkckn 380 014 iQksu % 079&27541446
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egÙo osQ gSaA igyk dkVwZu 'kadj }kjk

1950 esa Hkkjr dk lafo/ku ykxw gksus osQ
çdk'ku lg;ksx
le; cuk;k x;kA nwljk dkVwZu vkj-osQ-
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y{e.k us Hkkjr dh vk”kknh dh 50oha vè;{k] çdk'ku izHkkx % v'kksd JhokLor

o"kZxk¡B ij cuk;k vkSj VkbEl vkWiQ eq[; mRiknu vfèkdkjh % f'ko oqQekj
bafM;k esa 1997 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA eq[; O;kikj çca/d % xkSre xkaxqyh
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- eq[; laiknd % ujs'k ;kno
isij ij eqfnzrA (lafonk lsok)
çdk'ku izHkkx esa lfpo] jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd mRiknu lgk;d % izdk'k ohj ¯lg
vuqla/ku vkSj çf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vjfoan
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ekxZ] ubZ fnYyh 110 016 }kjk çdkf'kr rFkk vkoj.k vkSj lTtk
vjkoyh ¯izVlZ ,oa ifCy'klZ izkbosV fyfeVsM] 'osrk jko
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u;h fnYyh 110 020 }kjk eqfnzrA jktho oqQekj bjI+kQku [kku
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jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk (2005) lq>krh gS fd cPpksa osQ LowQyh thou dks ckgj osQ
thou ls tksMk+ tkuk pkfg,A ;g fl¼kar fdrkch Kku dh ml fojklr osQ foijhr gS
ftlosQ çHkkoo'k gekjh O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp varjky cuk, gq, gSA
ubZ jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ ij vk/kfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ikB~;iqLrosQa bl cqfu;knh fopkj ij vey

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djus dk ç;kl gSA bl ç;kl esa gj fo"k; dks ,d e”kcwr nhokj ls ?ksj nsus vkSj tkudkjh

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dks jVk nsus dh ço`fÙk dk fojks/ 'kkfey gSA vk'kk gS fd ;s dne gesa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr

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(1986) eas of.kZr cky&oaQs fnzr O;oLFkk dh fn'kk esa dkI+kQh nwj rd ys tk,¡xAs
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bl ç;Ru dh liQyrk vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd LowQyksa osQ çkpk;Z vkSj

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vè;kid cPpksa dks dYiuk'khy xfrfof/;ksa vkSj lokyksa dh enn ls lh[kus vkSj vius
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vuqHko ij fopkj djus dk volj nsrs gSaA gesa ;g ekuuk gksxk fd ;fn txg] le;
vkSj vk”kknh nh tk, rks cPps cM+ksa }kjk lkSaih xbZ lwpuk&lkexzh ls tqM+dj vkSj tw>dj
u, Kku dk l`tu djrs gSaA f'k{kk osQ fofo/ lk/uksa o Ïksrksa dh vuns[kh fd, tkus dk
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çeq[k dkj.k ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cukus dh ço`fÙk gSA ltZuk vkSj
igy dks fodflr djus osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd ge cPpksa dks lh[kus dh çfØ;k esa iwjk
o N

Hkkxhnkj ekusa vkSj cuk,¡] mUgsa Kku dh fu/kZfjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd ekuuk NksM+ nsAa ;s mís';
LowQy dh nSfud f”kanxh vkSj dk;Z'kSyh esa dkI+kQh isQjcny dh ek¡x djrs gSaA nSfud
le;&lkj.kh esa yphykiu mruk gh ”k:jh gS ftruk okf"kZd oSQys.Mj osQ vey esa
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pqLrh] ftlls f'k{k.k osQ fy, fu;r fnuksa dh la[;k gdhdr cu losQA f'k{k.k vkSj
ewY;kadu dh fof/;k¡ Hkh bl ckr dks r; djsaxh fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd LowQy esa cPpksa
osQ thou dks ekufld ncko rFkk cksfj;r dh txg [kq'kh dk vuqHko cukus esa fdruh
çHkkoh fl¼ gksrh gSA cks> dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, ikB~;ozQe fuekZrkvksa us fofHkUu
pj.kksa esa Kku dk iqufuZ/kZj.k djrs le; cPpksa osQ euksfoKku ,oa vè;kiu osQ fy,
miyC/ le; dk è;ku j[kus dh igys ls vf/d lpsr dksf'k'k dh gSA bl dksf'k'k
dks vkSj xgjkus osQ ;Ru esa ;g ikB~;iqLrd lksp&fopkj vkSj foLe;] NksVs lewgksa esa
fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj ,slh xfrfof/;ksa dks çkFkfedrk nsrh gS] ftUgsa djus ds fy,
tt

O;kogkfjd vuqHkoksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- bl iqLrd dh jpuk osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ ikB~;iqLrd fodkl lfefr
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osQ ifjJe osQ fy, o`QrKrk O;Dr djrh gSA ifj"kn~ lkekftd foKku lykgdkj lewg
osQ vè;{k çksI+ksQlj gfj oklqnsou vkSj jktuhfr foKku ikB~;iqLrd lfefr osQ eq[;
 iv

lykgdkj çksI+ksQlj lqgkl iÝ'khdj rFkk çksI+ksQlj ;ksxsanz ;kno osQ fo'ks"k vkHkkjh gSaA bl
ikB~;iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa dbZ f'k{kdksa us ;ksxnku fn;k_ bl ;ksxnku dks laHko cukus osQ
fy, ge muosQ çkpk;ks± osQ vkHkkjh gSAa ge mu lHkh laLFkkvksa vkSj laxBuksa osQ çfr ÑrK
gSa ftUgksaus vius lalkèkuksa] lkexzh vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dh enn ysus esa gesa mnkjrkiwoZd

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lg;ksx fn;kA ge ekè;fed ,oa mPp f'k{kk foHkkx] ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk
çksI+ksQlj e`.kky ehjh ,oa çksI+ksQlj th-ih- ns'kikaMs dh vè;{krk esa xfBr fuxjkuh lfefr
(ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ lnL;ksa dks viuk ewY;oku le; vkSj lg;ksx nsus osQ fy,
èkU;okn nsrs gSaA O;oLFkkxr lq/kjksa vkSj vius çdk'kuksa esa fujarj fu[kkj ykus osQ çfr

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lefiZr ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- fVIif.k;ksa o lq>koksa dk Lokxr djsxh ftuls Hkkoh la'kksèkuksa esa

pu T
enn yh tk losQA

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re R funs'kd

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u;h fnYyh jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku
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 ,d fp_h vkiosQ uke

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^I;kjs fo|kFkhZ!*
bl fdrkc osQ 'kh"kZd dks ns[kdj 'kk;n vkiosQ eu esa loky mBs fd ^Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku*
osQ ckjs esa nqckjk D;ksa i<+uk iM+ jgk gS\ D;k fiNyh d{kk esa eSaus mldh i<+kbZ ugha dh
Fkh\ vki Bhd dgrs gSa & vkius fiNyh d{kk esa Hkkjrh; 'kklu&O;oLFkk dh cqfu;knh

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cukoV vkSj FkksM+k&cgqr Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku osQ ckjs esa i<+k FkkA ysfdu] fdrkc mlls vkxs

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dh dgkuh dgrh gS ftruh vki fiNyh d{kk esa lqu pqosQ gSaA

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re R vkius vc jktuhfr'kkL=k dks viuk fo"k; pquk gS vkSj vc vki bls vxys nks lkyksa rd
i<+xas As jktuhfr'kkL=k ls nks&pkj gksus dk blls csgrj rjhdk vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS fd ge
bls vius ns'k dh jktuhfr osQ ekè;e ls tkus\a Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku us vius fy, tks jkLrs

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viuk, gSa mUgsa tkuuk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks le>us dh igyh lh<+h gSA blh rjg] Hkkjrh;
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jktuhfr dks tkudj ge nwljs ns'kksa dh jktuhfr dks Hkh tku ldrs gSAa gesa mEehn gS fd
laLFkkxr <k¡ps vkSj mlosQ bnZ&fxnZ ekStnw lRrk dh jktuhfr osQ vè;;u ls vkidks jktuhfr
be C

osQ fu;eksa vkSj fl¼karksa dh tkudkjh gks losQxhA blh dkj.k] ;g fdrkc vkidks crkrh gS
fd gekjk lafo/ku fdl rjg viuk dkedkt djrk vkSj gekjh jktuhfr dks ,d vkdkj
nsrk gSA bl fdrkc esa vkidks lafo/ku esa of.kZr dkuwuh izko/kuksa ;k rduhdh C;kSjksa osQ
o N

n'kZu ugha gksaxsA njvly] fdrkc ;g crkrh gS fd fdl rjg okLrfod jktuhfr osQ
tek&tksM+ ls laLFkk,¡ 'kDy vf[r;kj djrh gSaA
u;s <ax dh bl ikB~;iqLrd dks fy[kus dh izsj.kk gesa jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh
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:ijs[kk&2005 ls feyhA ikB~;p;kZ esa dgk x;k gS fd i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa nqgjkus vFkok jV~Vk
yxkus dh ”k:jr ughaA bldh txg] ^lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj vo/kj.kkxr le>* dks
cukus&c<+kus ij ”kksj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A bl fdrkc dh izLrkouk Lo;a ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- osQ
funs'kd dh dye ls fy[kh xbZ gSA blesa u;h ikB~;p;kZ osQ lksp vkSj n'kZu dks Li"V
fd;k x;k gSA jktuhfr'kkL=k dk u;k ikB~;Øe bl ckr dks ekurk gS fd Hkkjrh; lafo/ku
osQ izko/kuksa vkSj muosQ dkedktksa osQ ckjs esa fo|kFkhZ dh le> dks c<+kus dh ”k:jr gSA
bl dkj.k bl fdrkc esa lafo/ku osQ ckjs esa ”;knk ls ”;knk tkudkjh nsus osQ
ctk; lafo/ku osQ cqfu;knh rdZ vkSj okLrfod thou esa bldh ifj.kfr;ksa ij ”kksj
tt

fn;k x;k gSA ;g fdrkc vkidk ifjp; lafo/ku dh /kj.kk ls djk;sxh] lafo/ku osQ
cuus vkSj blosQ dkedkt dh dFkk lquk,xhA ;g rks fuf'pr gS gh fd ge bl
fdrkc esa lafo/ku osQ fofHkUu eq[; çko/kuksa dh ppkZ djsaxsA ysfdu] blesa geus rhu
no

vkSj fo'ks"krk,¡ tksM+h gSaA

 vi

vkiosQ eu esa ;g loky mBrk gksxk fd lafo/ku esa ,d [kkl O;oLFkk dks gh D;ksa
viuk;k x;k gS] fdlh vkSj dks D;ksa ugha\ ikB~;iqLrd esa vkidh bl ftKklk dk lek/ku
fd;k x;k gSA ;g rks gqbZ igyh ckr! nwljh] bl fdrkc osQ lgkjs vki le> losQaxs fd

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okLrfod jktuhfr osQ lkFk pydj laLFkkvksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA blh dkj.k bl fdrkc
dh nkSM+ lu~ 1950 ij vkdj ugha #drhA iqLrd osQ vè;k; fiNys 50 ;k mlls ”;knk
lkyksa osQ jktuhfrd&bfrgkl osQ mnkgj.kksa ls vkidh eqBHksM+ djokrh gSA gesa mEehn gS
fd bl fdrkc dks i<+dj vkidks Hkkjrh; jktuhfr osQ ckjs esa ”;knk ls ”;knk tkuus dk

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pLdk yx tk,xk vkSj ;g fdrkc vkidks Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ij osQafnzr vxys lky dh

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iqLrd osQ fy, rS;kj djsxhA rhljh ckr] bl iqLrd osQ lgkjs vki Hkkjr vkSj mlosQ

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lafo/ku dh rqyuk nqfu;k osQ nwljs ns'kksa ls dj losaQxs ftuosQ loky vkSj
re R ljksdkj rks feyrs&tqyrs gSa ysfdu tokc vyx&vyx gSAa blfy,] tgk¡ laHko

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gks ogk¡ ;g iqLrd vkidks crkrh gS fd nqfu;k esa nwljh txgksa ij D;k gqvkA
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vuqPNsn gesa vk'kk gS fd vkidks ,d laLFkk dh nwljh laLFkkvksa vkSj lkekftd&fLFkfr;ksa
ls rqyuk djus dh vknr yx tk,xhA
i<+us esa ;g fo"k; vkidks fnypLi yxs blosQ fy, geus fdrkc esa oqQN
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vkSj [kwfc;k¡ tksMh+ gSAa gj vè;k; esa lafo/ku esa of.kZr oqQN vuqPNsn fn, x,
gSAa blls vkidks lafo/ku dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kCn&;kstuk dk lgh&lgh ifjp; fey
o N

tk,xkA gj vè;k; esa vkidks oqQN m¼j.k u”kj vk,¡xAs buesa ls vf/dka'k m¼j.k
lafo/ku&lHkk dh cglksa osQ gSAa bldk ,d mís'; rks jktuhfrd cqf¼erk vkSj nwjn`f"V dh
viuh bl fojklr ls vkidks :&c&:
djkuk gS vkSj nwljk ml ?kVukØe dks
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vkiosQ lkeus j[kuk gS] tks lafo/ku&fuekZ.k

lafo/ku lHkk osQ okn&fookn
osQ le; is'k vk;kA
ls fy, x, m¼j.k
vusd vè;k;ksa esa dkVwZu fn,
x, gSaA bu dkVZwuksa dk mís'; egt lzksr % http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/
ls/debates/debates.htm
g¡lkuk&xqnxqnkuk ugha gSA ;s dkVwuZ vkidks
fdlh ckr dh vkykspuk] de”kksjh vkSj
laHkkfor vliQyrk osQ ckjs esa crkrs gSaA gesa vk'kk gS fd bu dkVZwuksa dk etk ysus osQ
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lkFk&lkFk vki buosQ vk/kj ij jktuhfr osQ ckjs esa lkspsaxs vkSj cgl djsaxsA blosQ
vfrfjDr] fdrkc esa txg&txg iUus osQ gkf'k, ij vkidks nks pfj=k u”kj vk,¡xAs dkVwfZ uLV
bjI+kQku us bUgsa cM+s tru ls vkiosQ fy, mosQjk gS rkfd vki bu nksuksa pfj=kksa ls vius dks
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tksM+ losQaA ;s nksuksa pfj=k Bhd&vki tSls gSa μ lokyh] ckrwuh vkSj oqQN&oqQN 'kjkjrh!
dHkh&dHkh rks ;s pfj=k iqLrd osQ ys[kdksa ls dgha ”;knk lkgl fn[kkrs gSaA ;s cM+s eqf'dy
 vii

loky iwNrs gSa vkSj ,slh ckrsa dg tkrs gSa fd ml ij oqQN nsj #ddj
lkspus osQ fy, etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA bu pfj=kksa osQ uke gSa & mUuh vkSj
eqUuhA bl fdrkc dks fy[kus osQ Øe esa gesa Hkh ;s pfj=k I;kjs yxus yxsA

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gesa iwjh mEehn gS fd vki dks Hkh ;s fdjnkj I;kjs yxsaxsA 'kk;n] buls
izjs .kk ysdj vki vius f'k{kdksa ls ”;knk loky iwNus yxsa vkSj oqQN gekjs
ikl Hkh HkstsaA
gj vè;k; osQ var esa iz'ukoyh osQ uke ls oqQN iz'u iwNs x, gSaA

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jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk (2005) ls çsfjr&mRlkfgr gksdj vkSj

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oqQN ;qok lkfFk;ksa dh enn ls geus ç'ukoyh osQ :i esa oqQN u, ç;ksx

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djus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ifj"kn~ osQ funs'kd dks mEehn gS fd bl rjg dh fdrkcksa ls
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ewY;kadu dh i¼fr esa lq/kjksa dks Hkh cy feysxkA bl rjg osQ ç'u vkSj igsfy;k¡ vkiosQ

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vanj Nqih laHkkoukvksa dks mtkxj djus dk dke djsaxsA gekjh mEehn gS fd vkidks
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vf/drj loky #fpdj yxsaxs vkSj vkidks ,slk ugha yxsxk fd vkidh gjne ijh{kk yh
tk jgh gSA vki fp_h ;k bZ&esy fy[kdj ”k:j crk,¡ fd gekjh ;g mEehn dgk¡ rd
iwjh gqbZA
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bl iqLrd dks ,d Vhe us feydj N% eghus osQ dM+s ifjJe ls iwjh dhA bl Vksyh
esa LowQy vkSj dkWyst osQ vè;kid] f'k{kkfon~] jktuhfr'kkL=kh vkSj dykdehZ 'kkfey FksA
o N

bl i`"B dks iyVrs gh vkidk ifjp; bl Vksyh osQ lnL;ksa ls gksxkA 'kk;n vki Hkh ilan
djsaxs fd Vksyh osQ lnL;ksa dks bl ckr osQ fy, /U;okn fn;k tk; fd bUgksaus vyx rjhosQ
dh fdrkc fy[kus esa viuh ÅtkZ yxkbZA bl iwjs ç;kl esa ifj"kn~ osQ funs'kd çksI+kQs lj Ñ".k
oqQekj us gekjh enn Hkh dh vkSj ekxZn'kZu HkhA blh çdkj gesa çksI+ksQlj gfj oklqnsou]
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çksI+ksQlj xksiky xq#] çksI+ksQlj e`.kky ehjh] çksI+ksQlj th-ih- ns'kikaMs vkSj jk"Vªh; fuxjkuh
lfefr osQ lnL;ksa ls Hkh Hkjiwj enn rFkk cgqewY; lq>ko feysA
cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa us iwjh mnkjrk ls bl iqLrd dks jpus esa viuk le; yxk;kA
çksI+ksQlj jktho HkkxZo] çksI+ksQlj çrki Hkkuq esgrk] çksI+ksQlj lanhi 'kkL=kh] MkW- latho eq[kthZ]
MkW- lat; yks<k] MkW- iq"dj jkt] MkW- 'kSysaæ nsoyadj vkSj pS=kk
jsMdj tSls fo}r~ tuksa us iqLrd osQ vè;k; fy[kus esa enn dhA
mUuh iadt iq"dj] euh"k tSu] ,ysDl tktZ vkSj ,e- euh"kk us iwjh
tt

Vksyh osQ vk/kj dk dk;Z fd;kA bUgksaus iqLrd osQ fy, 'kks/
djosQ iqLrd dk çk:i cukus esa jkr&fnu ,d fd;k vkSj iqLrd
dh vU; lkexzh rS;kj dhA lekt foKku dh f'k{kk osQ çfr budh
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varn`fZ "V vkSj xq.koÙkk osQ çfr vkxzg us iqLrd dks ,d vyx Lrj
çnku fd;kA euh"k tSu lokyksa esa uokpkj vkSj xq.koÙkk osQ vius
 viii

ljksdkj ij vkf[kjh ne rd vM+s jgsA iadt iq"dj us fiNys N% eghuksa esa bl fdrkc dks
iwjk djus esa th rksM+ esgur dhA fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u ihB dh MkW- Jhjatuh vkSj
MkW- lathj vkye us gj ”k:jr osQ oDr ij Hkjiwj enn dhA fef'kxu fo'ofo|ky; osQ

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vuqla/kudrkZ vfer vkgqtk us vU; ns'kksa ls rqyukRed mnkgj.k miyC/ djk,A
gesa fo'okl gS fd vkidks 'osrk jko }kjk rS;kj fd;k gqvk ;g fM”kkbu ilan vk,xkA
iqLrd osQ fganh laLdj.k dh lTtk ;ksxs'k oqQekj len'khZ us cM+s tru ls dh gSA bjI+kQku
us vkiosQ fy, mUuh&eqUuh uke osQ pfj=k x<+s gSa] mEehn gS fd vkidks buesa viuh gh

h
rLohj u”kj vk,xhA

pu T
ewyr% vaxzsth esa rS;kj dh xbZ bl iqLrd dks fganh esa ykuk ,d cM+h ftEesnkjh FkhA

is
fganh lfgr vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vPNh xq.koÙkk dh ikB~; lkexzh fodflr djus dh
re R
ftEesnkjh dks ge iwjh lathnxh ls fuHkkuk pkgrs gSaA gekjk ç;kl gS fd fganh dh iqLrd

bl
esa Hkk"kk dk cgko vkSj xq.koÙkk dk Lrj ogh gks tks fdlh Hkh ewy iqLrd esa gksrk gSA bl
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pqukSrh dks Lohdkj djrs gq, vf/drj ikBksa dk igyk vuqokn vfuy oqQekj oekZ us fd;kA
okD;ksa dh cukoV lq/kjus esa ofj"B i=kdkj vjfoan eksgu vkSj vHk; oqQekj nqcs us ekxZ
n'kZu fd;kA fganh laLdj.k dks ewy iqLrd ls iafDr&nj&iafDr feykus vkSj Hkk"kk esa jokuxh
be C

ykus dk Jelkè; dk;Z panu oqQekj JhokLro us fd;kA iadt iq"dj bl iwjh çfØ;k esa
,d dM+h dks nwljh dM+h ls tksM+us dk dke djrs jgsA
o N

vly esa ;g jktuhfr foKku dh i<+kbZ dks vf/d thoar] çklafxd vkSj vkiosQ fy,
#fpdj cukus dk ,d lkewfgd ç;kl gSA gedks blosQ fy, fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u
ihB osQ yksduhfr dk;ZØe dk fo'ks"k mYys[k djuk gSA oLrqr% bl dk;Z osQ fy,
^yksduhfr* viuk iwjk lg;ksx fn;kA yksduhfr osQ funs'kd çksI+ksQlj ihVj fMlwtk vkSj
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lat; oqQekj fo'ks"k :i ls èkU;okn osQ ik=k gSaA

vkius gky esa ,d cM+h ijh{kk ikl dh gSA vc gekjh ckjh gS ge pkgrs gSa fd vki
gekjh ijh{kk ysa vkSj crk,¡ fd ;g fdrkc ikl gqbZ ;k isQyA ge vius ijh{kkiQy dk
csrkch ls bartkj djsaxsA vkidh fVIif.k;k¡] vkykspuk,¡ vkSj lq>koksa ls gh gekjk
^fjiksVZ&dkMZ* rS;kj gksxkA vkiosQ lq>koksa osQ cy ij ge vxyk ç;kl csgrj djsaxsA

lqgkl iG'khdj
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;ksxsaæ ;kno
eq[; lykgdkj
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 ikB~;iqLrd fodkl lfefr

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vè;{k] ikB~;iqLrd lykgdkj lfefr
gfj oklqnsou] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrkA

eq[; lykgdkj

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lqgkl iG'khdj] çksI+ksQlj] jktuhfr foKku ,oa yksd iz'kklu foHkkx] iq.ks fo'ofo|ky;]

pu T
egkjk"VªA

is
;ksxsUnz ;kno] lhfu;j isQyks] fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u ihB] fnYyhA
re R
bl
lnL;
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vfuy oqQekj oekZ] jhMj] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] ØkbLV ppZ dkWyst] dkuiqj] m-iz-A
,ysDl ,e- tkWtZ] Lora=k vuqla/kudrkZ] b#oV~Vh] ftyk oqQUuwj] osQjyA
be C

vatw eYgks=kk] izkpk;Z] dkydk ifCyd LowQy] ubZ fnYyhA

pS=kk jsMdj] lhfu;j ysDpjj] ,l-,u-Mh-Vh- dkyst] eqacbZ] egkjk"VªA
o N

th-ikBd] ih-th-Vh-] Mksuh&iksyks ifCyd LowQy] bVkuxj] v:.kkpy izns'kA

,e-euh"kk] lhfu;j ysDpjj] jktuhfrfoKku foHkkx] yksjsVks dkyst] dksydkrkA
euh"k tSu] ih-th-Vh- ,oa orZeku esa f'k{kk ladk;] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa 'kksèkjrA
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euh"kk fiz;e] lhfu;j ysDpjj] xkxhZ dkyst] ubZ fnYyhA

iadt iq"dj] lhfu;j ysDpjj] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] mPp f'k{kk funs'kky; (mÙkjkapy)]
gY}kuh] mÙkjkapyA
izrki Hkkuq esgrk] vè;{k] lsaVj iQkWj ikfylh fjlpZ] ubZ fnYyhA
iq"dj jkt] lhfu;j ysDpjj] jktuhfrfoKku foHkkx] ”kkfdj gqlSu dkyst] ubZ fnYyhA
jkosQ'k 'kqDy] vf/oDrk] loksZPp U;k;ky;] ubZ fnYyhA
lanhi 'kkL=kh] funs'kd] baVjus'kuy ,osQMeh iQkWj fØ,fVo yfu±x] cSaxyksj] dukZVdA
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lat; yks<k+ ] ,lksf'k,V çksI+kQs lj] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo'ofo|ky;]
mn;iqj] jktLFkkuA
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lathc eq[kthZ] lhfu;j ysDpjj] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrkA
lSÕ;n lkcoqQYyk] ih-th-Vh-] egkjkuh 'kkldh; fiz&;wfuolZVh dkyst] eSlwj] dukZVdA
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'kSyUs nz nsoyadj] izoDrk] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] jktdh; egkfo|ky;] vkSjxa kckn] egkjk"VªA
'ksiQkyh >k] ,lksf'k,V izksI+ksQlj] lsaVj iQkWj ikWfyfVdy LVMht] LowQy vkWiQ lks'ky
lkbalst] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYYkhA

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Jhys[kk eq[kthZ] ih-th-Vh-] lsaV ikWy LowQy] ubZ fnYyhA
o"kkZ eaowQ] mi ç/kukè;kfidk] oqQykph galjkt ekWMy LowQy] ubZ fnYyhA

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fganh vuqokn

pu T
vfuy oqQekj oekZ] laiknd&^'kks/kFkhZ*] jhMj] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] ØkbLV ppZ dkWyst]

is
dkuiqj] m-ç-A
re R
vjfoan eksgu] ofj"B i=kdkj] 78 Mh] vkbZ ikWosQV] fny'kkn xkMZu] fnYyh&110 092 A

bl
panu oqQekj JhokLro] Lora=k vuqoknd vkSj vuql/ a kudrkZ] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;]
E
ubZ fnYyhA
ujs'k xksLokeh] Lora=k vuqokndA
be C

iadt iq"dj] lhfu;j ysDpjj] mPp f'k{kk funs'kky; (mÙkjkapy)] gY}kuh] mÙkjkapyA

lnL;&la;kstd
o N

lat; nqcs] jhMj] jktuhfr foKku] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYyhA

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ikB~;iqLrd dks rS;kj djus esa cgqr ls O;fDr;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa us lg;ksx fd;kA osQxy
dkV±wl us 'ksisV] tku Vªsoj vkSj ,jst osQ dkVw±l mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr nhA usg: Lekjd
iqLrdky;] Mkmu Vw vFkZ] lg;ksx iqLrd oqQVhj] 'kxqu tkV vkSj dkEcsV yk usVooZQ osQ
lkFkh 'kkUruq us iQksVksxzkI+kQ tqVkus esa Hkjiwj enn dhA bu lHkh dks gkfnZd /U;oknA

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ge fpYMªal cqd VªLV osQ fo'ks"k :i ls vkHkkjh gSa ftUgksaus gesa 'kadj osQ vewY; dkVZwu

pu T
Nkius dh vuqefr nhA vkj- osQ- y{e.k vkSj n VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k us iwjh mnkjrk ls vius

is
dkVw±l osQ mi;ksx dh vuqefr nsdj ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA
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ljk; (fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u ihB) vkSj fujarj ,slh laLFkk,¡ gSa ftUgksaus bl
iqLrd dh ;kstuk osQ gj pj.k esa gj laHko lg;ksx fn;kA budk lg;ksx budh çfrc¼rk

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dks Hkh n'kkZrk gSA fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u ihB osQ lkFkh vfufUnvks lkgk] fgeka'kq
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HkV~Vkpk;Z] iqLrdky;kè;{k vfouk'k >k] oufLerk cksjk vkSj iwju paæ vf/dkjh us Hkh
lg;ksx&lgdkj esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA
be C

iqLrd dh rS;kjh osQ Øe esa lS;n vI+kQ”kj vglu us çwiQ tk¡pus vkSj nq#Lr djus esa
Hkk"kk;h dkS'ky vkSj Je'khyrk dk ifjp; fn;kA iqLrd osQ fganh laLdj.k dk ys vkmV
vkSj fM”kkbu ;ksxs'k oqQekj us cgqr gh yxu ls fd;kA Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj foØe jkor us
o N

fnu&jkr ,d djosQ bl iqLrd dks rS;kj fd;kA ifj"kn~ dh vksj ls dkWih ,fMVj lrh'k >k
vkSj foHkwfr ukFk >k] Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj mÙke oqQekj vkSj fot; oqQekj us iwjh rRijrk ls
iqLrd dks fu[kkjk vkSj vafre Li'kZ fn;kA bu lHkh lkfFk;ksa dk ftruk vkHkkj O;Dr fd;k
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tk, mruk de gSA

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be C
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fo"k;&lwph

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re R ,d fp_h vkiosQ uke

1- lafo/ku μ D;ksa vkSj oSQls\ 1

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2- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa vf/dkj 26
be C

3- pquko vkSj çfrfuf/Ro 51

o N

4- dk;Zikfydk 78

5- fo/kf;dk 100
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6- U;k;ikfydk 124

7- la?kokn 150

8- LFkkuh; 'kklu 176

9- lafo/ku μ ,d thoar nLrkos”k 196

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10- lafo/ku dk jktuhfrd n'kZu 220

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Hkkjr dk lafo/ku
Hkkx 4d

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ukxfjdksa osQ ewy drZO;

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is
vuqPNsn 51 d
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ewy drZO; & Hkkjr osQ izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og &

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(d) lafo/ku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlosQ vkn'kks±] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vªèot vkSj jk"Vªxku dk vknj
djs_
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([k) Lora=krk osQ fy, gekjs jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPp vkn'kks± dks ân;
esa latks, j[ks vkSj mudk ikyu djs_
be C

(x) Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq..k cuk, j[ks_
(?k) ns'k dh j{kk djs vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"Vª dh lsok djs_
(Ä) Hkkjr osQ lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks
o N

/eZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZ ij vkèkkfjr lHkh HksnHkkoksa ls ijs gks] ,slh izFkkvksa dk
R;kx djs tks efgykvksa osQ lEeku osQ fo#n~/ gkas_
(p) gekjh lkekfld laLd̀fr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egRRo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k
djs_
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(N) izkd̀frd i;kZoj.k dh] ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djs vkSj
mldk laoèkZu djs rFkk izkf.kek=k osQ izfr n;kHkko j[ks_
(t) oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs_
(>) lkoZtfud laifRr daaks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs_
(×k) O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa osQ lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr~
iz;kl djs] ftlls jk"Vª fujarj c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/ dh ubZ m¡Qpkb;ksa dks Nw
losQ_ vkSj
(V) ;fn ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd gS] Ng o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q okys vius]
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;FkkfLFkfr] ckyd ;k izfrikY; dks f'k{kk osQ volj iznku djsA

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