Ordinary Differential Equations

Separable variables differential equations:

Find the general solution of the following differential equations:
(1)𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(2)(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

(3)√1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(4)𝑦′ tan 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1
(5)𝑥 sec 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦
(6) sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

(7)𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Homogeneous Differential Equation:
Find the general solution of the following differential equation:
(1)(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦
(2)(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
(3)𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥

(4)𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
(5)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦
(6)(𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
(7)(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
(8)𝑦 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥 sin = 0
𝑥
Linear nonhomogeneous Differential Equation:
Find the general solution of the following differential equation:
(1)(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(2)𝑥𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(3)(2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(4)(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(5)(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

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(6)(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(7)(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Exact Differential Equation
Find the general solution of the following differential equation:
(1)(3𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(2)𝑥(6𝑦𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 3 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(3)2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
(4)(𝑦𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(5) 𝒚( 𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(6) cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
(7)𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
Non exact Differential Equation and integrating factor:
Find the general solution of the following differential equations:
(1)𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (𝑦 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
(2)𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(3)(𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0
(4)(𝑥𝑦 3 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(5)𝑦(𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
(6) (1 − √𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥
(7)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0
(8)(2𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 4 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(9)(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
First order linear differential equations:
Solve the following differential equations
(1)𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 1
(4)𝑦′ + (1 + ) 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥
(2)𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥
2
(5)𝑦 ′ + tan 𝑥 = sin4 𝑥
(3)𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 − 𝑥 (5)𝑦 ′ − cot 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥

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Bernoulli differential equation:
Solve the following differential equations
𝑦 (3)𝑦′ + 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 sin2 𝑥
(1)𝑦′ + = 𝑦 2 sin 𝑥
𝑥
(2)𝑦′ + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 𝑦 cos 3 𝑥 (4)𝑥𝑦′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑦 −2 𝑥 2

Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficient

Homogeneous linear ODEs with constant coefficients
Solve the following differential equations:
(1)(𝐷3 − 4𝐷2 + 5𝐷 − 2)𝑦 = 0
(2)(𝐷3 + 6𝐷2 + 12𝐷 + 8)𝑦 = 0
(3)(𝐷4 − 2𝐷3 + 4𝐷2 − 8𝐷 + 4)𝑦 = 0
(4)(𝐷4 + 𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = 0
(5)(𝐷4 + 8𝐷2 + 16)𝑦 = 0
(6)(𝐷4 + 4𝐷3 − 5𝐷2 − 36𝐷 − 36)𝑦 = 0
(7)(𝐷3 + 2𝐷2 − 𝐷 − 2)𝑦 = 0
(8)(𝐷3 + 8)𝑦 = 0
(9)(𝐷 + 2)(𝐷 − 1)2 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
(10)(𝐷2 + 𝐷 − 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
(11)(𝐷2 − 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = cosh 𝑥
(12)(𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = sin 2 𝑥
(13)(𝐷3 + 𝐷2 − 𝐷 − 1)𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
(14)(𝐷2 − 4)𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
(15)(𝐷2 + 9)𝑦 = cos 2𝑥 + sin 2𝑥
(16)(𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥
(17)(𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = cos 𝑥 sin 3𝑥
(18)(𝐷2 − 6𝐷 + 13)𝑦 = 8𝑒 3𝑥 sin 2𝑥
(19)(𝐷2 − 4)𝑦 = 𝑥 2
(20)(𝐷2 + 2𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥

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(21)(𝐷4 − 2𝐷3 + 5𝐷2 − 8𝐷 + 4)𝑦 = 𝑥 2
(22)(𝐷2 − 4𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 sin 𝑥
(23)(𝐷2 − 2𝐷 + 5)𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 sin 𝑥
(24)(𝐷2 − 6𝐷 + 13)𝑦 = 8𝑒 3𝑥 cos 2𝑥
(25)(𝐷2 − 1)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(26)(𝐷2 − 4)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(27)(𝐷2 + 𝐷)𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(28)(𝐷2 + 4)𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
(29)(𝐷2 − 4𝐷 + 4)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥
(30)(𝐷2 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 cos 2𝑥
(31)(𝐷2 − 1)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥
(32)(𝐷2 + 2𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥
Linear Differential Equations with variable Coefficient (Euler linear equation)

Solve the following differential equations

(1)𝑥 3 𝑦′′′ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦′′ − 2𝑥𝑦′ + 2𝑦 = 0
(2)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 13𝑦 = 0
(3)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 8
(4)𝑥 3 𝑦′′′ + 2𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 3𝑥𝑦′ − 3𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
(5)𝑥 3 𝑦′′′ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥
(6)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 5𝑥𝑦′ + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 𝑥
(7)𝑥 4 𝑦 (4) + 6𝑥 3 𝑦 (3) + 9𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 3𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = (1 + ln 𝑥)2
(8)𝑥 4 𝑦′′′ + 2𝑥 3 𝑦′′ − 𝑥 2 𝑦′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 1
(9)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ − 6𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑥
(10)(2𝑥 + 5)2 𝑦 ″ + 6(2𝑥 + 5)𝑦 ′ + 8𝑦 = 0
(11)(1 + 𝑥)2 𝑦′′ − 4(1 + 𝑥)𝑦′ + 6𝑦 = 𝑥
(12)(1 + 2𝑥)2 𝑦′′ − 6(1 + 2𝑥)𝑦′ + 16𝑦 = 8(1 + 2𝑥)2

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Variation of parameters:
Find the general solution for the following differential equations:
2
(1)𝑦′′ − 𝑦 =
1 + 𝑒𝑥
(2)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
(3)𝑦′′ − 6𝑦′ + 9𝑦 = 𝑥 −2 𝑒 3𝑥
(4)𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦′′ − 𝑥 + 1)
(5)(1 − 𝑥)𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥)2
(6)𝑦′′ + 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
(7)2𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 7𝑥𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = cos √𝑥
(8)𝑦′′ + (1 − cot 𝑥)𝑦′ − 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥
(9)𝑦′′ + 𝑎2 𝑦 = cosec 𝑎𝑥
(10)(1 − 𝑥)𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝒚′ − 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 𝑒 −𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 1
In the case one integral belonging to the complementary Function is known:
Find the general solution of the following differential equations:
(1)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 𝑥 𝑦′ − 9𝑦 = 0 where𝑦 = 𝑥 3 is 𝑎 solution
(2)Show that 𝑦 ″ + 𝑃𝑦′ + 𝑄𝑦 = 0
is satisfied by 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 if 𝑚2 + 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑄 = 0
and 𝑦 = 𝑥 if 𝑃 + 𝑄𝑥 = 0
(3)𝑥𝑦 ″ + (𝑥 − 1)𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 0 where 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 is 𝒂 solution
(4)𝑥𝑦′′′ − 𝑦′′ − 𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 0 where 𝑦1 = 𝑥, 𝑦2 = 𝑒 𝑥 are solutions
(5)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑦′ + (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥
(6)𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 ″ − 𝑥 + 1)
(7)𝑦′′ − 𝑦′ cot 𝑥 − (1 − cot 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥
(8)𝑥𝑦′′ − 2(𝑥 + 1)𝑦′ + (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)𝑒 𝑥
(9)𝑥𝑦′′ − (2𝑥 + 1)𝑦′ + (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
(10)𝑥𝑦′′ − (2𝑥 + 1)𝑦′ + (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)𝑒 2𝑥
(11)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ + 𝑥𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 0 given that 𝑥 is oneintegral
(12)𝑥𝑦 ″ + (𝑥 − 1)𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
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𝜋
(13)𝑦′′ + 𝑦′ cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = cos 2𝑥 Given that at 𝑦 ′ ( ) = 0and𝑦(0) = 1
2

Removal of the first derivative:

Put on the normal form and hence solve the following differential equations:
(1)𝑥 2 𝑦′′ − 4𝑥𝑦′ + (4𝑥 2 + 6)𝑦 = 𝑥 4 sin 2𝑥
2 𝑦′ sin 2 𝑥
(2)𝑦′′ + +𝑦 =
𝑥 𝑥
(3)(𝑦′′ + 𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 2(𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 tan 𝑥) = sec 𝑥
(4)𝑦′′ − 2𝑦′ tan 𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥
2 /2
(5)𝑦′′ + 2𝑥𝑦′ + (𝑥 2 + 5)𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
2 𝑦′ 2
(6)𝑦′′ − + (1 + 2 ) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

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