LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION

Safeguarding and promoting Traditional Sports and Games

(TSG) as sports practices and intangible cultural heritage is a key
challenge for the future development of sport and societies.

Traditional Sports and Games (TSG)

- Enhances intercultural dialogue and peace, reinforces youth
empowerment, and promotes ethical sports practices.

Games
- Are a universal phenomenon.
- In its early development, it is noted that gaming is intended
primarily for amusement and played whenever suitable
opportunities arise.
- Scholars assess that games are frequently simplified and are
secularized ceremonies of older culture.

 Games among the people of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao

share a commonality.
 The games selected here are traditionally distributed all over
the country and played by both sexes, at certain ages.
 Toys and implements used in the games are also presented.

GAMES ORIGINATED IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE

PHILIPPINES

In the book 'A study of Philippine Games' (1980), by Mellie

Leandicho Lopez
- Noted that 'LARO' is the Filipino generic term for all forms of
recreational play.
- The closest word term for the game is the 'PALARO'
referring to a group of special occasion games that take
place during wakes, festivals and town fiestas. This would
also refer to games that are competitive in nature where
each contest is always brought to a conclusion.

 Major studies of games pointed out that traditional games

are shared communally within Philippine context. The same
situation exists in neighboring countries, especially
Indonesia.

Games play an important part in the learning process of the

child.
- This educational influence of games on the physical, mental,
and moral vitality of a child is a factor why games in the
country are still being practiced and observed by the
general public.
Family
- Plays a very important role in the transmission of traditional
games on to their children.
- The family, specifically the parents, reinforce the child's
learning process.
- It is a social agent that builds the development of each
member of the household.

Malay (1956)
- Pointed out that 'Filipinos like to play game,' and this is
observed true.
- Traditional and high-tech games are simultaneously played
around the country. As part of Filipino pastime, especially in
the rural areas and during moonlit nights, the neighborhood
gathers and shares games in the plazas, open areas, and
main roads, trying different sets of games and interacting
with each other as part of their recreation, socialization, and
relaxation after a hard day's work.

IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING THE TRADITIONAL GAMES

AND SPORTS

Magna Kultura
- A Philippine based NGO
- Aims to implement educational, sociocultural programs in
order to strengthen the Filipino well-being are responsibly
vigilant with regards to the fact that Filipino children
nowadays spend they childhood playtime on Internet cafes
or with their hand held game consoles instead of socializing
with other children playing the traditional street games that
for years is a culture and a norm for a typical Filipino child.
- Is seriously advocating such concern by holding
tournaments and educating the children in their schools all
focusing on traditional Filipino Games.

DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO GAMES AND SPORTS TO THE

MODERN ERA

 A number of sports introduced by the Americans in the early

20th century enjoy great popularity in the Philippines.

Basketball
- Is particularly prominent, with amateur games occurring
regularly in neighborhoods throughout the country.

 The Philippines has also fielded formidable national teams

for the World Basketball Championships.
  Tennis, golf, and various aquatic sports such as diving and
windsurfing are widely practiced.
 Filipinos have excelled in various internationally
competitive martial arts, including boxing, wushu, and
tae kwon do, while local Filipino martial arts traditions
have experienced a resurgence since the end of the 20th
century.
 The country has produced champion boxers in
competitions hosted by the World Boxing Association, and
the Philippines has taken several medals in martial arts
in the Asian and Southeast Asian Games.
 The Philippines has participated in the Summer Olympic
Games since 1924 and in the Winter Games since 1972.
 Filipino athletes generally have been most successful in
swimming, boxing, and track and field events.

SYNTHESIS/ GENERALIZATION

Traditional Sports and Games

- Are seen as the best platform for "promoting peace,
harmony, goodwill and camaraderie" in various Philippine
communities especially that today's generation is different,
most kids are stuck on their phones, iPods, and PSPs while
sitting on a corner.
 LESSON 2: INDIGENOUS GAMES IN THE
PHILIPPINES (LARONG LAHI)
Traditional Filipino Games or Indigenous Games (Tagalog:
Laro ng Lahi)
- Are games commonly played by children, usually using
native materials or instruments.
- In the Philippines, due to limited resources of toys for Filipino
children, they usually invent games without the need of
anything but the players themselves.
- Their games' complexity arises from their flexibility to think
and act.

Indigenous Games or Larong Pinoy

- Is creating games that don't need gadgets or other
expensive things.
- They can be played by anyone of any economic status.
- These traditional Filipino games require only one thing--for
you to have fun.

1) Agawan Base
- (lit. catch and own a corner)
- The it or tagger stands in the middle of the ground. The
players in the corners will try to exchange places by
running from one base to another. The it should try to
secure a corner or base by rushing to any of those when
it is vacant.
- This is called "agawangsulok " in some variants, and
"bilaran" in others.

2) Sekyu Base
- Is another version of Agawan Base but no score limits.
- If a team scores five points, the game still continues.
- The players can hide in other things near the enemy
base and ambush them.

3) Araw-lilim
- (lit. sun and shade)
- The it or tagger tries to tag or touch any of the players
who is in direct contact with the light.

4) Bahay-Bahayan
- Players make imaginary houses using materials like
curtains, spare woods, ropes, or other things that can be
used to build the houses.
 - They will assign each individual what they wanted to be,
then act as if it is real.
5) Bati-Cobra
- Is a hitting and catching game.
- This game is played outdoors only by two or more
players.
- To play this game, two pieces of bamboo sticks (one
long, one short) are required. A player acts as a batter
and stands opposite the others players at a distance. The
batter holds the long bamboo stick with one hand and
tosses the short one with the other hand. The batter then
strikes the shorter stick with the longer stick. The other
players will attempt to catch the flying shorter stick.
Whoever catches the stick gets the turn to be the next
batter. If nobody catches the stick, any player can pick it
up. The batter then puts down the longer stick on the
ground. The holder of the shorter stick will throw it with
the attempt to hit the longer stick on the ground. If the
longer stick is hit, the hitter becomes the next batter. If
the player with the shorter stick misses to hit the longer
one, the same batter will continue.

6) Bulong-Pari
- (lit. whisper it to the priest)
- Is composed of two teams and an it.
- The leader of team A goes to the priest and whispers one
of the names of the players of team B. Then he returns
to his place and the priest calls out, "Lapit!"
("Approach!"). One of the players of team B should
approach the priest, and if it happens to be the one
whom the leader of team A mentioned, the priest will
say, "Boom" or "Bung!" The player then falls out of line
and stays somewhere near the priest as a prisoner.

7) Calahoyo
- (lit. hole-in)
- Is an outdoor game by two to ten players.
- Accurate targeting is the skill developed in this game
because the objective of each player is to hit the anak
(small stones or objects) with the use of the pamato (big,
flat stone), trying to send it to the hole.
- A small hole is dug in the ground, and a throwing line is
drawn opposite the hole (approx. 5 to 6 metres (16 to 20
ft) away from the hole). A longer line is drawn between
the hole and the throwing line. Each player has a pamato
and an anak. All the anak are placed on the throwing
line, and players try to throw their pamato into the hole
from the throwing line. The Player whose pamato is in
 the hole or nearest the hole will have the chance for the
first throw. Using the pamato, the first thrower tries to
hit the anak, attempting to send it to the hole. Players
take turns in hitting their anak until one of them gets
into the hole, with the players taking turns a complete
round and so on. The game goes on until only one anak
is left outside the hole. All players who get their anak
inside the hole are declared winners, while the one with
the anak left outside the hole is the alila (loser) or
muchacho. Alila or Muchacho will be "punished" by all
the winner/s.

8) Chinese Garter
- Two people hold both ends of a stretched garter
horizontally while the others attempt to cross over it.
- The goal is to cross without having tripped on the garter.
- With each round, the garter's height is made higher than
the previous round (the game starts with the garter at
ankle-level, followed by knee-level, until the garter is
positioned above the head).
- The higher rounds demand dexterity, and the players
generally leap with their feet first in the air, so their feet
cross over the garter, and they end up landing on the
other side.
- Also, with the higher levels, doing cartwheels to "cross"
the garter is allowed.

9) Hand-clapping Game
- Generally involving four people.
- They are split into two pairs with each pair facing each
other.
- Members from both pairs face the center (the two pairs
being perpendicular to each other).
- Each pair then does a hand clapping "routine" while
singing the "Bahay Kubo" or "Leron-leron Sinta".
- In the middle of the song, each pair would exchange
"routines" with the other.
- A variation on the game is an incorporated action
according to the lyrics.
- An example is "Si Nena", a song about a girl named
Nena, starting when she was born. The song progresses
with the life story of Nena, (i.e. when she grew up,
became a lady, get married, got children, get old, died,
and finally became a ghost). After she died, one player
would act like a ghost and catches the other players.

10) Nanay Tatay

 - Another version of the same variation goes like this:
Nanay, Tatay, gusto ko tinapay Ate, Kuya, gusto ko kape,
Lahat ng gusto ko ay di ako gusto:(. Sinong sasali sa
larong ito? Ang magkamali ay pipingutin ko... (clap 5x) ...
and so forth.

11) Holen
- This game is where players should hold the ball called
holen in their hand then throw it to hit the players ball
out of the playing area.
- It is called marble in USA.
- It is played a more precise way by tucking the marble
with the player's third finger, the thumb under the
marble, the fourth finger used as to stable the marble.
They aim at grouped marbles inside a circle and flick the
marble from their fingers, and anything they hit out of
the circle is theirs. Whoever obtained the most marbles
wins the game. Players (manlalaro) can also win the
game by eliminating their opponents by aiming and
hitting his marble. Players need to be very accurate to
win.

12) Iring-Iring
- (lit. go round and round until the hanky drops)
- After the it is determined, they goes around the circle
and drops the handkerchief behind a person. When the
person notices the handkerchief is behind their back, he
or she has to pick up the handkerchief and go after the it
around the circle. The it has to reach the vacant spot left
by the player before the it is tagged; otherwise, the it
has to take the handkerchief and the process is
repeated.

13) Jack 'n' Poy

- This is the local version of Rock-paper-scissors (bato,
papel, at gunting).
- Though the spelling seems American in influence, the
game is really Japanese in origin (janken) with the lyrics
in the Japanese version sound "hong butt".

14) Hwego de Anilyo

- (lit. game of rings)
- Is a game notably Spanish in influence.
- It involves riding a horse while holding a dagger and
"catching" rings hanging from a tree or some other
structure using the dagger.
 - However, people usually play this game nowadays by
riding a bicycle while holding a dagger. The competitors
need to continue their speed in riding their bicycle.

15) Juego de prenda

- (lit. game of looking for the missing bird)
- There is no limit to the number of players that can play.
- Players sit in a circle with the leader in the middle. Each
player adopts a name of a tree or flower that is given by
the leader. The leader recounts the story of a lost bird
that was owned by a king. He or she says, The bird of the
king was lost yesterday. Did you find it, Ylang-Ylang? The
player who adopted the name of the Ylang- Ylang tree at
once answers that he or she has not found it, so the
leader continues to ask the other trees whether the bird
has hidden in them. If a player cannot answer after the
third count, he or she is made to deposit a thing he or
she owns to the leader until the leader has been able to
gather a lot of things from the members. The Boy is
choosing a tree. The Girl is choosing a flower. The one
participants will be a king.

16) Kapitang bakod

- (lit. touch the post, or you're it! or hold on to the fence)
- When the it or tagger is chosen, the other players run
from place to place and save themselves from being
tagged by holding on to a fence, a post, or any object
made of wood or bamboo.

17) Langit-lupa
- (lit. heaven and earth)
- It chases after players who are allowed to run on level
ground ("lupa") and clamber over objects ("langit").
- The it may tag players who remain on the ground, but
not those who are standing in the "langit" (heaven). The
tagged player then becomes it and the game continues.
- In choosing who the first it is usually a chant is sung,
while pointing at the players one by one.
- When the song stops and a player is pointed at they are
"out" and the last person left is the taya or "it".
- Due to cheating, some players count to 3, 4, 5 if the
player that is standing in the "langit" and can only be
stopped if there is another player standing on it.

18) Lagundi
- A game of Indian influence.
- It is basically a game of tag, except here, the divide into
two teams, the it team members get to hold the ball,
 passing it between themselves, with the ball touching
the head of the other (not it) team.

19) Lawin at Sisiw

- (lit. Hawk and Chicken)
- This game is played by ten or more players.
- It can be played indoors or outdoors.
- One player is chosen as the "hawk" and another as the
"hen". The other players are the "chickens". The
chickens stand one behind the other, each holding the
waist of the one in front. The hen stands in front of the
file of chickens.
- This game is created by Cyberkada in 1995.
- Until now, it was one of the most traditional game in the
Philippines

20) Luksong tinik

- (lit. jump over the thorns of a plant)
- Two players serve as the base of the tinik (thorn) by
putting their right or left feet and hands together (soles
touching gradually building the tinik). A starting point is
set by all the players, giving enough runway for the
players to achieve a higher jump, so as not to hit the
tinik. Players of the other team start jumping over the
tinik, followed by the other team members. If a player hit
either hands or feet of the base players "tinik", he or she
will be punished by giving him or her consequences.

21) Luksong-Baka
- (lit. jump over the cow)
- Is a popular variation of Luksong-tinik.
- One player crouches while the other players jump over
them. The crouching player gradually stands up as the
game progresses, making it harder for the other players
to jump over them. A person becomes the it when they
touch the baka as they jump. It will repeat continuously
until the players declare the player or until the players
decide to stop the game most of the time once they get
tired.
- It is the Filipino version of Leapfrog.

22) Guess the Killer (Patay Patayan)

- Aso referred to as Killer Eye.
- Involves at least 4 players.
- Players cut pieces of paper according to how many
players are playing. There should be one judge, at least
one killer, at least one police, and others are the regular
players. The objective of the game is for the police to
 find and catch the killers by saying "I caught you" and
say the name of the killer before the killer winks at the
judge. The killer is able kill people by winking at the
person he wants to kill. If he kills a normal person, the
person says "I'm dead!" If he kills the judge without
being caught, The judge says "I'm dead, but I'm the
judge" and the game repeats.

23) Pitik-Bulag
- This game involves 2 players.
- One covers his eyes with a hand while the other flicks a
finger (pitik) over the hand covering the eyes.
- The person with the covered eyes gives a number with
his hand the same time the other does.
- If their numbers are the same, then they exchange roles
in the game.
- Another version of this is that the blind (bulag) will try to
guess the finger that the other person used to flick them.

24) Patintero
- Also called Harangang Taga or Tubigan
- Is one of the most popular Filipino street games.
- (lit. try to cross my line without letting me touch or catch
you)
- There are two teams playing: an attack team and a
defense team; with five players for each team. The
attack team must try to run along the perpendicular lines
from the home-base to the back-end, and return without
being tagged by the defense players.
- Members of the defense team are called it, and must
stand on the water lines (also "fire lines") with both feet
each time they try to tag attacking players. The player at
the center line is called "Yobmots". The perpendicular
line in the middle allows the it designated on that line to
intersect the lines occupied by the it that the parallel line
intersects, thus increasing the chances of the runners to
be trapped, even only one member of a group is tagged
the whole group will be the it.

25) Piko
- Is the Philippine variation of the game hopscotch.
- The players stand behind the edge of a box, and each
should throw their cue ball. The first to play is
determined depending on the players' agreement (e.g.
nearest to the moon, wings or chest). Whoever succeeds
in throwing the cue ball nearest to the place that they
have agreed upon will play first. The next nearest is
 second, and so on. The person is out for the round if they
stand with both feet.

26) Sambunot
- Is a Philippine game which may be played outdoors by
ten or more players, but not to exceed twenty.
- The goal in the game is to get the coconut husk out of
the circle.

27) Sawsaw-Suka
- (lit. dip it into vinegar)
- The it has his/her palm open while the other players
touch the palm with their index fingers, singing "sawsaw
suka/mahuli taya!" (dip it into the vinegar/the last one
(or one who got caught) is it). The it tries to catch any
player's finger.

28) Sipa
- (lit. game of Kick)
- The object being used to play the game is also called
sipa.
- It is made of a washer with colorful threads, usually
plastic straw, attached to it.
- Also, sipa can be played using a rattan ball or a lead
washer covered in cloth or plastic.
- The sipa is then thrown upwards for the player toss using
their foot. The player must not allow the sipa to touch
the ground by hitting it several times with their foot, and
sometimes the part just above the knee. The player must
count the number of times they was able to kick the
sipa. The one with most number of kicks wins the game.
- Has also been the national sport of the Philippines until
2009.
- The game mechanics of Sipa is similar to the Western
game Hacky Sack.
- Sipa is also played professionally by Filipino athletes with
a woven ball, called Sepak Takraw, with game rules
borrowed from Indonesia.

29) Taguan
- Is similar to hide and seek.
- This game is usually played at sunset or at night as a
challenge for the it to locate those who are hiding under
the caves in Laguna and Cavite which is a popular site
for pro taguan players.
- The it needs to sing the following before they start
seeking.
30) Teks or teks game cards
- (lit. texted game cards)
- Filipino children collect these playing cards which contain
comic strips and text placed within speech balloons.
- The game is played by tossing the cards in the air until
they hit the ground.
- A variant of the game, Pogs uses circular cards instead of
rectangular ones.

31) Ten-Twenty
- A game involving two pairs, with one utilizing a stretched
length of garter.
- One pair faces each other from a distance and has the
garter stretched around them in such a way that a pair of
parallel lengths of garter is between them. The members
of the other pair, then begin doing a jumping "routine"
over the garters while singing a song ("ten, twenty,
thirty, and so on until one hundred). Each level begins
with the garters at ankle-height and progresses to higher
positions, with the players jumping nimbly on the garters
while doing their routines.

32) Tsato
- (lit. stick game, better be good at it)
- Two players, one flat stick (usually 3 feet (0.91 m)) and
one short flat piece of wood (4 inches (100 mm) usually
a piece cut from the flat stick).
- Player A becomes the hitter and Player B as the catcher.
It is played outside on the ground where one digs a small
square hole (which is slanted), where they put the small
wood so that it sticks out. Player A hits the wood with the
stick so that it catches air enough to be hit by the stick.
The further the wood gets hit the more points one gets
(usually counted by the number of stick length).

33) Tumbang preso

- Also called Presohan in the Luzon, and Tumba-Patis or
Tumba-Lata in most Visayan regions
- (in English Hit The Can)
- This also one of the popular Filipino street games played
by children using their slippers to hit a tin can at the
center.
- Like other Filipino traditional games, members take the
following roles: one as the taya (it), someone who takes
the role of a-player-at-stake and holds the responsibility
of the Lata (tin can), and; the two others as the players
striking. The game is performed by having the players
 use a pamato (which uses one's own slipper) to strike the
tin that is held beside the taya.
- As to how the game cycles, the taya, is obliged to catch
another player to take over their position of running after
the tin that keeps from throwing away by the strikes of
the players. Nevertheless, the taya is only privileged to
do so only if the player is holding on their way a pamato
and when the tin is on its upright position.
- In other versions, especially those in Visayan regions and
Southern Luzon, is of complexity for the part of the taya.
The latter has to make the tin can stand upright together
with its own pamato on the top of it which also adds up
to the mechanics of the game. The tendency is that even
when the taya has already made everything stood up but
when the slipper will fall from the tin, they is not allowed
catching anybody unless he hurriedly put it back to its
position.

34) Ubusan lahi

- (lit. clannicide)
- One tries to conquer the members of a group (as in
claiming the members of another's clan).
- The tagged player from the main group automatically
becomes an ally of the tagger. The more players, the
better. The game will start with only one it and then try
to find and tag other players. Once one player is tagged,
they will then help the it to tag the other players until no
other participant is left.
- Some people also know this as Bansai o Lipunan.
- The a lot players are 5-10.

SYNTHESIS/ GENERALIZATION

The government has pushed for these traditional games to

be taught to kids because they are such an important part of our
culture. In fact, some universities in the country offer Philippine
Games as a PE subject as part of their way to preserve Pinoy
culture.
 LESSON 3: TRADITIONAL SPORTS OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Traditional Sports
- Are very important for one's life and participation in sports
should always be encouraged.

 Participation in sports makes us active, healthy, fit, and also

the development of our social and communication skills.
 The most common saying "Healthy mind lives in Healthy
body" is so true because for a man to be successful his
physical, as well as mental state, should be well.

Sipa
- Is the country's national sport.
- Is considered a dying cultural legacy due to the advent of
electronics, the introduction of games on the new
information highway and the intrusion of western sports.

Filipino Traditional Sports

- have originated from different cultures, some of which have
pre- Hispanic origin and are very unique in terms of how are
they are played.

The Filipinos
- are known as sports-loving people, creative in every aspects
of life and these traditional games are as testament to our
passion for play.

 These priceless ancestral heritage that included sungka,

dama, and patintero, have become less popular with the
young people.
 Ironically, some of the traditional Filipino games such as
sipa, yoyo and arnis have been adopted by other countries
 as their own and the fact that they originated from this
country has been obliterated into oblivion.

HERE ARE SOME OF THE TRADITIONAL SPORTS OF THE

PHILIPPINES:

1) Arnis (Eskrima)
- The Philippine version of martial arts.
- Dubbed the country's national sport.
- Is a weapon-based form of combat used for fighting since
1610.
- Also known as Kali or Eskrima/Escrima.
- Is the national martial art of the Philippines.
- The three are roughly interchangeable umbrella terms
for the traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino
Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based
fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and various
improvised weapons, as well as "open hand" techniques
without weapons.
- The most basic and common weapon in Arnis is the
baston or yantok.
- They are typically constructed from rattan, an
inexpensive stem from a type of Southeast Asian
vine.
- Kamagong (ironwood or ebony) and bahi (heart of the
palm)
- Are sometimes used after being charred and
hardened.
- These hardwoods are generally not used for
sparring, however, as they are dense enough to
cause serious injury.
- Live Hand
- Is the opposite hand of the practitioner that does
not contain the main weapon.
- The heavy usage of the live hand is an important
concept and distinguishing hallmark of eskrima.
- Doble Baston and less frequently Doble Olisi
- Are common names for a group of techniques
involving two sticks.
- The art is more commonly known around the
world as Sinawali meaning "to weave".
- The term Sinawali is taken from a
matting called sawali that is commonly
used in the tribal Nipa Huts.
- It is made up of woven pieces of palm
leaf and used for both flooring and
walls.
 - This technique requires the user to use
both left and right weapons in an equal
manner.
- Refers to the activity of "weaving", as
applied Eskrima with reference to a set
of two-person, two-weapon exercises.
- The term comes from "Sawali", the
woven walls of nipa huts.
- Sinawali exercises provide eskrima
practitioners with basic skills and
motions relevant to a mode of two-
weapon blocking and response method
called Doblete.

2) Sikaran
- This martial arts sport, which has been around since the
16th century in Rizal, Philippines.
- Uses feet rather than the hands.
- One distinct technique in sikaran is the "Biakid kick"
move which aims to hit the back of the opponent's head.
- Is a Filipino Martial Art that involves hand and mostly
foot fighting.
- Is a general term for kicking which is also used as the
name of the kicking aspects of other Filipino Martial arts,
this article discusses the distinct art which is specifically
practiced in the Rizal province that focuses almost
exclusively in kicking.
DISTINCT KICKING STYLE:
 Biakid kick
- is executed by pivoting to the back in a complete
turn, much like a spinning hook kick or a reverse
round house in other martial arts styles and
targets the side or back of the head while the
practitioner is in mid to punching range.
THE DEGREE OF EFFECTIVENESS SUBSCRIBES TO TWO
CLASSIFICATIONS:
 "Panghilo" (Paralyzing Blow)
- Aimed at less vital parts of the physique,
 "Pamatay" or Lethal Kick
- The target includes the heart, neck, head, groin,
and spine, all highly vulnerable parts.

3) Sipa, or "to kick"

- Is a traditional sport of the Philippines.
- It is a difficult sport to play, where players are required
to have high skills of ball control, speed and agility.
 - The sport can be played both indoors and outdoors,
using a soft ball.
- The court used is similar in dimensions to that of a tennis
court, with a net in the middle.
- A match can be played in singles, doubles or a team of
four format.
- The objective of the sport is to kick the ball to the other
side of the net onto the opponent's side.
THE THREE VARIATIONS OF SIPA THAT ARE
COMMONLY PRACTICED ARE:
 Washer: Played with a lead washer that is covered by a
cloth. The objective is to keep kicking the ball without
allowing it to touch the ground. If a team drops the ball
onto the ground the opposing team scores a point.
 Rattan ball: Played with a larger ball that is made with
woven rattan strips.
 Simplified: Played with equal number of players on
each team between 1 to 4. Game play involves keeping
the ball above the ground.

4) Dumog
- Is the Filipino style of wrestling (also known as Filipino
grappling)
- Has been modified into an intense form of wrestling used
by many different ethnic groups in the Philippines such
as Tagalog, Ilokano and Cebuano.
- Uses a range of grappling techniques which come from
various other martial arts including Judo and Jujitsu.
- It focuses on both standing and ground grappling,
depending on the situation in which it is to be used.
- This art is very well known throughout the Philippines.
- This particular style of martial art is taught as a small
section in the syllabus in order for pupils to learn the
basics of this invigorating martial art.
- Some of the Filipino Martial Arts (FMA) systems such as
Harimaw Buno and Apolaki Krav Maga focus on
mastering Dumog in a lot more depth to enhance
people's skills and to widen their horizons to the art of
dumog.

5) Sungka
- Is a game for two.
- Played using a wooden block with 16 holes that can hold
pieces of pebbles, marbles, or seeds.
- Two of the holes (called 'heads') remain empty, each
player protects their own 'head'.
- The goal is to gather as many pebbles etc in their 'head'
as the player can in order to win the game.
 - The game begins with 49 game pieces (shells, marbles,
pebbles or seeds) equally distributed to alternate holes -
seven pieces in every other hole - except "heads" which
remain empty.
- Each player controls the seven holes on his side of the
board and owns the "head" to his right.
- The first player removes all pieces from the hole on the
extreme left of on his side. He then distributes them anti-
clockwise --- one in each hole to the right of that hole
omitting an opponent's "head" but not a player's own
"head".

6) Palo-sebo
- Is one of traditional sport in Philippines.
- The name of this game derives from the Spanish word
Palo (stick, pole) and Sebo (grease).
- Many people really enjoy this game.
- Is challenge the player, in which player compete to see
who can climb the highest up a slippery bamboo pole.
- This game is usually played by boys during a town fiesta
or on special occasions in the various Provinces of the
Philippines.
- Long and straight bamboo poles are polished and
greased, after which a small bag containing the prize is
tied to the top. The bag usually contains money, sweets,
or toys.
- Sometimes a small flag is used instead of the actual
prize, which is given to the winner afterwards.
- Contestants try to climb the pole in turns to secure the
prize, and anyone who fails to reach the top is
disqualified.
- The winner is the one who succeeds in reaching and
untying the prize or retrieving the flag.

SYNTHESIS/ GENERALIZATION

Sports
- are the greater source of recreation.
- remove stress and provide relaxation to our mind and body.
- increase the team spirit quality in a human being.
- teach us the value of time.
- it teaches us the value of a minute as well as a second
- offer us a change from our mundane routine
- are very important for kids and youth at their growing stage.
 LESSON 4: THE OVERSEAS INFLUENCE
Sports in the Philippines
- is an important part of the country's culture.
- There are six major sports in the Philippines:
1. basketball,
2. Boxing
3. Tennis
4. Football
5. billiards,
6. volleyball.
Ice Skating
- Despite being a tropical nation, it has recently become a
popular sport in the Philippines.

 Sports such as athletics, weightlifting, aerobics, and martial

arts are also popular recreations.

Sports
- remain a popular aspect of Philippine culture

 The country has received at least five (Summer and Winter)

Olympic bronze medals in only three sports since the 1920s:
swimming, boxing, and weightlifting.

OLYMPICS AND PARALYMPICS

 The Philippines has participated in all editions of the

Olympics except in 1980 when it joined the American-led
boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics.
 The country is also the first tropical nation to participate at
the Winter Olympics, debuting at the 1972 edition and has
participated in three other edition of the winter games.
  The Philippines has also participated in the Summer
Paralympics although it has still to make its debut in the
Winter Paralympics.

Philippine Olympic Committee (POC)

- is the National Olympic Committee of the Philippines.

National Paralympic Committee

- The Paralympic Committee of the Philippines.

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

1) Boxing
- The Philippines has produced one of the most number of
boxing champions in the world such as Francisco
Guilledo (Pancho Villa), Ceferino Garcia, Nonito Donaire
(The Filipino Flash) and Manny Pacquiao (Pacman).
- Is among the most popular individual sports in the
Philippines.
- Some Filipino boxers such as Manny Pacquiao, Gabriel
Elorde and Pancho Villa are recognized internationally.
Association of Boxing Alliances in the Philippines
- Formerly Amateur Boxing Association of the
Philippines (ABAP)
- Is the governing body of amateur boxing in the
Philippines.
- The ABAP's current goal is for the country to win its
first ever Olympic gold medal in boxing, to be
recognized as one of the world's boxing powers as
well as to improve the image of the Philippines
abroad.
- The country continually produces talented fighters, often
in the junior featherweight division (122 pounds and
below).
The International Boxing Association
- sanctions amateur (Olympic-style) boxing matches
which allows the national amateur boxing athletes of
the Philippines to represent the country and compete
in regional, continental and international matches
and tournaments. The Philippines has currently two
silver and three bronze Olympic medals.

2) Figure Skating
 - Ice skating rinks used as venues for figure skating are
limited to shopping malls in the country, particularly in
the Metro Manila area.
- The first ice skating rink in the country was opened in
1992 at SM Megamall in Mandaluyong.
- The first Olympic sized ice skating rink was opened at
the SM Mall of Asia.
- An ice skating rink also operates in SM Southmall.
- There are more figure skating coaches in the Philippines
than ice hockey coaches and the first Filipino ice skating
coaches were roller skaters.
- The Philippine Championship is a national competitive for
ice skating in which the winner gets to represent the
country in international competitions.

Michael Christian Martinez

- The Philippines has also managed to qualify and send a
figure skater to the 2014 Winter Olympics becoming the
first Southeast Asian country to do so at the Winter
Olympics.

TEAM SPORTS

1) American Football
- Is a relatively new sport to the Philippines.
Arena Ball Philippines
- was the first league and lasted from 2009 to
2015.
In 2016
- the Philippine-American Football League was
founded.
- The Philippines also organizes a men's national team.
- Famous Filipino players to have played in the National
Football League in the United States include:
 Eugene Amano
 Tim Tebow
 Roman Gabriel
 Tedy Bruschi
 Chris Gocong
 Steve Slaton
 Aaron Francisco
 Jordan Dizon
 Doug Baldwin
- In the 2010s the Super Bowl has begun to be aired in the
country on over the air television. The sport has gained
some popularity in the Philippines.
2) Association Football
- Football in the country dates back in the 1890s.
- The men's national team of the Philippines played their
earlier matches prior to World War II against China and
Japan at the Far Eastern Championship Games. They
experience a decline after that period but has since
recovered following their stint at the 2010 AFF
Championship. The country also organizes a women's
national team which has competed at the AFC Women's
Asian Cup.
- The Philippines Football League is the top flight
football league in the country. Each club represents their
respective cities or provinces and is required to have a
youth squad for the Youth League. It also helps to
promote football awareness and grassroots program to
the young Filipino footballers who admire to play
professional football.
- The Philippine Football Federation is the governing
body for football in the country.

3) Basketball
- Was introduced in the country during the American
colonial era and is one of the sports contested at the now
defunct Far Eastern Championship Games.
- The men's national team has competed in the Summer
Olympics making their debut in 1936 although they have
been absent in the recent editions of the Games.
 They have also competed in the FIBA World
Cup with the country hosting the tournament
when it was still known as the FIBA World
Championships in 1978.
 Their third-place finish in the 1954 edition was
their best performance in the tournament,
they will host the 2023 edition with Japan and
Indonesia.
- The Philippine Basketball Association is the oldest
league in Asia and is the top basketball league in the
country.
- Basketball matches of the University Athletic Association
of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic
Association also receives attention.
- The country also has a women's basketball team which
has competed at the FIBA Asia Women's Championship,
as well as men youth teams and 3x3 national teams.

4) Rugby
 - The Philippine Rugby Football Union was founded in 1998
and is the governing body of rugby union in the
Philippines.
- There are currently around 12 schools playing rugby
union in the Philippines and 10 teams that compete in
regular competition.
- The national team is known as the Volcanoes and
competes in the Asia Rugby Championship and the Asian
Sevens Series.

5) Volleyball
- The NSA affiliated with the sport is called the Larong
Volleyball sa Pilipinas.
- Women's volleyball currently enjoys immense
popularity primarily due to its growing fan base in the
University Athletic Association of the Philippines and the
National Collegiate Athletic Association amateur
tournaments.
- Internationally, competitors are given the opportunity to
represent the country in tournaments such as the
Southeast Asian Games as well as the Olympics.
- The sport has also seen the development of semi-
professional leagues such as the Philippine Super Liga
and the Premier Volleyball League.

SYNTHESIS/ GENERALIZATION

 The nation's sports program continues to trend downward

instead of the other way around.
 The only way for the Philippines to be able to become a
consistent player on the world stage is through proper
funding.
 While the Philippine Sports Commission's budget has
increased over the past few years, the amount is still far cry
from even nearby ASEAN neighbors, like Thailand and
Singapore, who each give at least more than five times the
amount the Philippine government gives to its athletes.
 Talent is important but talent could become so much more if
nurtured in the right environment.