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4 views

lecture 16 orthodontic appliances 4th stage

Uploaded by

saleh alawdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 16

Orthodontic Appliances

Dr. Aiser Kareem Al-Kaabi


Orthodontic Appliances can be
defined as ‘devices, which create
and/or transmit forces to
individual teeth/a group of teeth
and/or maxillo-facial skeletal
units to make changes within the
bone with or/without tooth
movement which will help to
achieve the treatment goals of
functional efficiency, structural
balance and esthetic harmony’.
Orthodontic Appliances
• This may be defined as the “appliance by which mild pressure may be
applied to a tooth or a group of teeth and their supporting tissue in a
predetermined direction to bring about the necessary reaction
processes within the bone and other tooth supporting tissues, to
allow tooth movement”
Orthodontic appliances cab be classified:
1. According to the mode of action into:
A. Active appliances: is one that uses some kind of force to move teeth into
the desired position for example removable, fixed, orthopedic and
myofunctional, combination, space regainer, and clear aligner.

pp

Figure 1: Active Orthodontic appliances. A: Removable; B: Fixed Active orthodontic appliance. C: Combination (fixed and
removable) appliance.
B. Passive Appliances: is one that holds the teeth in place mostly after
active treatment has been completed, for examples retainers, habit
breaker and space maintainer.

. Figure2: Passive Orthodontic appliances. A:Essix retainer; B:Hawley


retainers; C: Fixed Habit breaker.
2. According to the patient’s ability to remove the orthodontic appliance
into:
A. Removable appliances: are those that can be removed by the patient.
B. Fixed appliances: includes those appliances fixed to the teeth and the patient cannot
remove
C. Combination: have some part of the appliance fixed on to the tooth surfaces which the
patient cannot remove but the rest of the appliance can be removed
Mechanical Orthodontic Appliances
Mechanical orthodontic appliances have active components, which are themselves
capable of generating forces. These appliances are capable of
generating forces that can move individual teeth, group of teeth and /or the jaws.
Mechanical appliances may be fixed or removable.
I. Removable Appliances

As the name suggests, these appliances can be removed


from the mouth by the patient. The patient can insert and
remove these appliances without the intervention of a
clinician. They may be active or passive, depending upon
their capability to exert/ generate forces.
Active removable appliances:

are designed to achieve tooth movement (mainly tipping) by means of


active components, e.g. wire springs, screws etc. They are capable of
generating tooth moving forces.
Passive removable appliances:

are designed to maintain teeth in their designated or present position,


e.g. space maintainers, retainers etc.

space maintainers
II. Fixed Appliances
Fixed appliances are orthodontic
devices in which attachments
are fixed to the teeth and forces
are applied by arch wires or
other auxiliaries via these
attachments. These can be
further classified as active and
passive, depending upon their
ability to generate forces.
Active fixed appliances:

are attached (fixed) onto


the tooth surface and are
capable of generating
forces which are capable of
bringing about tooth
movements
Passive fixed appliances:

do not generate forces and


are responsible for
maintaining the attained
position of the teeth, e.g.
fixed retainers, fixed space
maintainers, etc.
Functional Orthodontic Appliances
Functional Orthodontic Appliances

These are appliances which engage both arches


and act principally by holding the mandible away
from its resting position, they harness and
transmit the natural forces of the circum oral
musculature to the teeth and/ or alveolar
bone.
These appliances generally
cause a change in the
surrounding soft tissue
envelope of the teeth
thereby leading to a more
harmonious relationship of
the jaws to each other and to
the other bones of the facial
skeleton, e.g. the Frankel
appliance. They can be either
fixed or removable
Another definition

Functional jaw orthopedics appliances

• Functional appliances utilize, eliminate, or guide the forces of muscles


of mastication, tooth eruption, and growth to correct a malocclusion.
Muscles
utilize forces

tooth to
Malocclusion in Using functional eliminate eruption correct a
growing patients app. To: malocclusion
Growth of
guide max. or/and
mand.
IDEAL REQUIREMENT OF AN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE

All appliances, which are used with the purpose of


bringing about orthodontic tooth movement, should fulfill certain requirements.
The appliances should try to fulfill most of these requirements even though no
single appliance till date has managed to fulfill all of these.
These requirements can be considered
under the following three headings:
• Biologic requirements
• Mechanical requirements
• Esthetic requirements.
1. Bringing the desired tooth movement.

2. It should not have a detrimental impact( no harmful effects) on the


teeth, and/or periodontium. For ex: it should not lead to root
resorption or non-vitality of teeth etc.

3. It should move only those teeth that it is designed to move. In other


words, the anchor units should remain in their original position.
4. The appliance should not hamper(restrain) normal growth.

5. It should not interfere or inhibit normal functions.

6. The appliance should allow for proper oral hygiene


maintenance. It should be easy to clean the appliance as well as
continue with all and hygienic maintenance regimes continuity.
7. The material used in its fabrication should be
biocompatible and not produce any allergic or toxic
reactions.

8. The appliance should not disintegrate in the oral


environment and should be able to sustain its functions
in the rugged environment of the oral cavity without
breakage.
1. The appliance should be able to deliver continuous
controlled forces of the desired intensity in the desired
direction.
2. The appliance should be able to withstand the routine
masticatory forces and not get damaged easily.

3. The appliance should be easy to fabricate and activate.


4. It should not be bulky and uncomfortable for the
patient to wear.

5. The appliance should be universally applicable


and accepted, i.e. it must be able to correct various
malocclusions and different orthodontists should
be able to activate it similarly.
ESTHETIC REQUIREMENTS

The appliance should be esthetically acceptable to the


patient. In other words, it should be as inconspicuous as
possible.
The above requirements are very stringent and no single appliance has yet been
designed which incorporates all these requirements. For example- the lingual
appliance fulfills the esthetic requirements most completely, yet it may interfere
with proper speech, violating a biologic requirement, of not interfering with
normal functions.

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