Infections in Cancer Patients - 1st Edition Complete EPUB Download
Uploaded by
g.oettachxuyendoa.ngInfections in Cancer Patients - 1st Edition Complete EPUB Download
Uploaded by
g.oettachxuyendoa.ngInfections in Cancer Patients, 1st Edition
Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:
https://medipdf.com/product/infections-in-cancer-patients-1st-edition/
Click Download Now
Copyrighted Material
INFECTIONS
in Cancer Patients
Copyrighted Material
BASIC AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Editor
Bruce D. Cheson, M.D.
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes ofHealth
Bethesda, Maryland
1. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Scientific Advances and Clinical Devel-
opments, edited by Bruce D. Cheson
2. Therapeutic Applications of Interleukin-2, edited by Michael B. Atkins and
James W Mier
3. Cancer of the Prostate, edited by Sakti Das and E. David Crawford
4. Retinoids in Oncology, edited by Waun Ki Hong and Reuben Lotan
5. Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF) in Clinical Practice, edited by George Morstyn
and T. Michael Dexter
6. Cancer Prevention and Control, edited by Peter Greenwald, Bamett S.
Kramer, and Douglas L. Weed
7. Handbook of Supportive Care in Cancer, edited by Jean Klastersky,
Stephen C. Schimpf(, and Hans-Jorg Senn
8. Paclitaxel in Cancer Treatment, edited by William P. McGuire and Eric K.
Rowinsky
9. Principles of Antineoplastic Drug Development and Pharmacology,
edited by Richard L. Schilsky, Gerard A. Milano, and Mark J. Ratain
10. Gene Therapy in Cancer, edited by Malcolm K. Brenner and Robert C.
Moen
11. Expert Consultations in Gynecological Cancers, edited by Maurie Markman
and Jerome L. Belinson
12. Nucleoside Analogs in Cancer Therapy, edited by Bruce D. Cheson,
Michael J. Keating, and William Plunkett
13. Drug Resistance in Oncology, edited by Samuel D. Bemal
14. Medical Management of Hematological Malignant Diseases, edited by
Emil J Freireich and Hagop M. Kantarjian
15. Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapy of Cancer, edited by Michael L.
Grossbard
16. Medical Management of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, edited by
Moshe Talpaz and Hagop M. Kantarjian
17. Expert Consultations in Breast Cancer: Critical Pathways and Clinical
Decision Making, edited by William N. Hait, David A. August, and Bruce
G.Haffty
18. Cancer Screening: Theory and Practice, edited by Bamett S. Kramer,
John K. Gohagan, and Philip C. Prorok
Copyrighted Material
19. Supportive Care in Cancer: A Handbook for Oncologists: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded, edited by Jean Klastersky, Stephen C. Schimpf{,
and Hans-Jorg Senn
20. Integrated Cancer Management: Surgery, Medical Oncology, and Rad-
iation Oncology, edited by Michael H. Torosian
21. AIDS-Related Cancers and Their Treatment, edited by Ellen G. Feigal,
Alexandra M. Levine, and Robert J. Biggar
22. Allogeneic Immunotherapy for Malignant Diseases, edited by John
Ban-ett and Yin-Zheng Jiang
23. Cancer in the Elderly, edited by Carrie P. Hunter, Karen A. Johnson, and
Hyman B. Muss
24. Tumor Angiogenesis and Microcirculation, edited by Emile E. Voest and
Patricia A. D'Amore
25. Controversies in Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach, edited by
Benjamin Movsas, Corey J. Langer, and Melvyn Goldberg
26. Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
edited by Bruce D. Cheson
27. The Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Pathobiology and Clinical Management,
edited by John M. Bennett
28. Chemotherapy for Gynecological Neoplasms, edited by Roberto Angioli,
Pierfuigi Benedetti Panici, John J. Kavanagh, Sergio Pecorelli, Manuel
Penalver
29. Infections in Cancer Patients, edited by John N. Greene
ADDITIONAL VOLUMES IN PREPARATION
Copyrighted Material
Copyrighted Material
INFECTIONS
in Cancer Patients
edited by
John N. Greene
University of South Florida College of Medicine
and Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.
MARCEL
~ MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK· BASEL
~
DEKKER
Copyrighted Material
Although great care has been taken to provide accurate and current information,
neither the author(s) nor the publisher, nor anyone else associated with this publica-
tion, shall be liable for any loss, damage, or liability directly or indirectly caused or
alleged to be caused by this book. The material contained herein is not intended to
provide specific advice or recommendations for any specific situation.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: 0-8247-5437-9
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Headquarters
Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540
Distribution and Customer Service
Marcel Dekker, Inc., Cimarron Road, Monticello, New York 12701, U.S.A.
tel: 800-228-1160; fax: 845-796-1772
Eastern Hemisphere Distribution
Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
tel: 41-61-260-6300; fax: 41-61-260-6333
World Wide Web
http://www.dekker.com
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more
information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters ad-
dress above.
Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Copyrighted Material
Preface
The field of infectious diseases in the cancer patient has undergone great
metamorphosis and growth over the last decade. We have attempted to take
an easy-to-read, well-organized approach to managing infections in onco-
logical patients. With an emphasis on the underlying malignancy as the
central theme, infections unique to that cancer and its therapy can be readily
accessed and understood. Previous texts that emphasize organisms as the
major theme are frequently hard to follow and less useful for management of
the individual patient. By describing the major immune defects inherent to
each malignancy and their therapy we allow for more accurate and timely
diagnosis of the unique pathogens acquired. In addition, the malignancy and
its therapy over time may alter the immune system and lead to anatomical
changes that predispose to a changing spectrum of pathogens. For example,
progressive growth oflung cancer can obstruct a major bronchus and result in
postobstructive pneumonia, whereas radiation therapy to the lung may
impair alveolar macrophage function and create lung paremchymal changes
to form a cavity, both of which favor invasive aspergillus infection.
As patients are being treated with more aggressive chemotherapeutic
regimens, profound immunosuppression for longer periods of time is occur-
ring. This period of immunodeficiency is an open invitation to the invasion of
a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsically acquired organisms. By under-
Copyrighted Material iii
iv Preface
standing the period of vulnerability of the host throughout the periods of
active malignancy growth, neutropenia, and cell-mediated immunodefi-
cienies, the clinician can choose the appropriate antimicrobial agents to
prevent or treat the most dangerous and most common infections.
Using a number of relevant and recent publications, the most important
infections associated with each malignancy are presented. In addition, the
susceptibility to different infections over the course of a chronic progressive
malignancy is presented. For example, patients with newly diagnosed multi-
ple myeloma are susceptible to pneumococcal infections of the respiratory
tract. However, as the disease progresses and chemotherapy is used to control
it, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory tract becomes more
prominent.
Neutropenia, the most common byproduct of cancer therapy can be
broken down into periods of time when predominant pathogens change.
Likewise, antimicrobial therapy must be altered to reflect this transition. For
instance, gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections dominate the
first week of neutropenia. During the second week, candida sp infections
become important, followed by aspergillus infections into the third week.
Therefore, changes in treatment are frequently necessary as neutropenia
progresses.
In summary, the cancer patient's risk of infection can be tracked from
diagnosis to cure or cancer-related death. By understanding the underlying
immune status of each patient during cancer therapy, the best choices for
infection management can be made. Using pictures to illustrate infectious
disease presentations and easy-to-follow tables of pertinent groups of dis-
eases, the clinician interested in cancer-related infections has a useful resource
for patient evaluations and staff education.
We dedicate this book to all the patients who have valiantly battled
cancer, endured the toxicity of its treatment, and overcome the ensuing
microbial invasion during their most vulnerable moment.
John N. Greene
Copyrighted Material
Contents
Preface iii
Contributors ix
Chapters
I. Introduction
1. Mechanisms of Host Defense
Dimitrios P_ Agaliotis
2. Composition of the Normal Microbial Flora 15
John N. Greene
II. Infectious Complications of Hematologic Lymphoreticular
Malignancies
3. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 23
Jennifer Johnson and John Greene
4. Infection in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 47
Indra De and Kenneth VI. Rolston
5. Hairy Cell Leukemia 65
Nikolaos Almyroudis
Copyrighted Material v
vi Contents
6. Infections in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic
Leukemia 73
Ana Maria Chiappori
7. Infections Associated with Chronic Myelogenous
Leukemia 87
James Riddell IV and Carol A. Kauffman
8. Infections in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes 99
Nadeem R. Khan
9. Infectious Complication in Multiple Myeloma 103
Todd Groom and Joseph C. Chan
10. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 127
Teresa Field
11. Infections Unique to Hodgkin's Disease 145
Karla Richards and John N. Greene
12. Infectious Complications in Stem Cell Transplant
Recipients 151
John N. Greene
III. Infectious Complications of Solid Tumor Malignancies
13. Infections in Patients with Brain Tumors 163
Christoph Michael Stoll and Albert L. Vincent
14. Infections in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer 177
Charurut Somboonwit and John N. Greene
15. Infections in Patients with Lung Cancer 187
Charurut Somboonwit, Charles Craig, and
John N. Greene
16. Infections Complicating Breast Cancer and Its
Treatment 199
Julia E. Richards and Larry M. Baddour
17. Infectious Complications of Gastrointestinal Cancer 219
Albert L. Vincent and John N. Greene
18. Infections in Patients with Cancer of the Liver
and Biliary Tract 227
Carlos A. Castillo Alban and John N. Greene
Copyrighted Material
Contents vii
19. Infections in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors 235
John N. Greene
20. Infections in Patients with Bladder and Kidney Tumors 239
Kadry R. Allaboun
21. Infections in Patients with Gynecological Malignancies 251
Masoumeh Ghayouri, Cuc Mai, and Albert L. Vincent
22. Infections Related to the Management and Treatment
of Sarcomas 263
Wendy W. Carter and Douglas Letson
23. Infections Associated with Cutaneous Malignancy 271
John S. C::achor
IV. System Specific Infections in Cancer Patients
24. Central Nervous System Infections in Cancer Patients 283
Daniel Ginn and John N. Greene
25. Pulmonary Infections in Cancer Patients 289
Charurut Somboonwit and John N. Greene
26. Cardiovascular Infections in Cancer Patients 307
Bernhard Unsold and John N. Greene
27. Gastrointestinal Infections in Cancer Patients 313
Todd S. Wills
28. Genitourinary Infections in Cancer Patients 331
Michael J. Tan and John N. Greene
29. Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Infections in Cancer
Patients 337
Lucinda M. Elko
30. Dermatological Infections in Cancer Patients 345
Mary Evers and John N. Greene
V. Infectious Complications of Cancer Treatment
31. Infections Associated with Radiation Therapy 367
Brent W. Laartz and John N. Greene
32. Complications of Surgery in Cancer Patients 373
John N. Greene and Nick Nicoonahad
Copyrighted Material
viii Contents
33. Catheter-Related Infections 379
Ioannis Chatzinikolaou and Issam I. Raad
VI. Unique Infections in Cancer Patients
34. Fungal Infections in Cancer Patients 419
Magnus Gottfredsson and John R. Perfect
35. Parasitic Diseases as Complications of Cancer 451
Albert L. Vincent
36. HIV-Related Malignancies 471
Kadry Allaboun and John N. Greene
IX. Prevention of Infections in Cancer Patients
37. Prevention of Infection in Cancer Patients 477
Patrick Roth
38. Immunization Against Infectious Diseases in Cancer
Patients 497
Rama Ganguly and John N. Greene
39. Role of the Microbiology Laboratory 509
Loveleen Kang and Ramon L. Sandin
Index 523
Copyrighted Material
Contributors
Dimitrios P. Agaliotis Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida,
U.S.A.
Carlos A. Castillo Alban Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito,
Ecuador
Kadry Allaboun University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa,
Florida, U.S.A.
Kadry R. Allaboun Bradenton, Florida, U.S.A.
Nikolaos Almyroudis Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York,
New Yark, U.S.A.
Larry M. Baddour Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minne-
sota, U.S.A.
Wendy W. Carter Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa,
Florida, U.S.A.
Joseph C. Chan University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,
U.S.A.
Ioannis Chatzinikolaou The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Ana Maria Chiappori Cayatano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
Charles Craig St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
U.S.A.
John S. Czachor Wright State University School of Medicine and Miami
Valley Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A.
Copyrighted Material ix
